Non-human primate animal models are core tools for the study of highly pathogenic microorganisms and are irreplaceable in the fields of pathology and drug discovery.However,anatomical sampling of non-human primate infection models in high-level biosafety laboratories carries potential risk and related risk assessment and control measures require clarification.Based on biosafety regulations and practical experience,we systematically discuss the risk control strategies of anatomical operations with respect to personal protection,instrument selection,anatomical specifications,documentation,and personnel training.Our review will help to improve the management of high-level biosafety laboratories,reduce the risk of pathogen escape and human infection,and provide support for the safe research of highly pathogenic microorganisms.

Objectives:To explore whether short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) combined with PD-1 inhibitors could further promote tumor regression and improve the prognosis.Methods:This is a prospective, multicenter, two-arm randomized controlled, seamless phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial for proficient mismatch repair or microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the iTNT (TNT+PD-1) group or the TNT group. Patients in the TNT group received SCRT (5 Gy×5) followed by 4 cycles of CAPOX or 6 cycles of mFOLFOX chemotherapy, with the iTNT group receiving SCRT followed by the same regime in combination with 4 cycles of Sintilimab. Total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery or watch and wait (W&W) was performed after neoadjuvant therapy and then 2 cycles of same regimen as before were recommended. The primary endpoints are the complete response (CR) rate for phase Ⅱ trial and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) for phase Ⅲ trial. A total of 588 patients will be enrolled for the phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial. Short-term efficacy and safety data from the initial 100 treated patients were analyzed as planned.Results:From 2022-8-31 to 2023-5-24 the initial 100 patients were enrolled from 10 hospitals in China, 76.0%(76/100) patients were male, and the median age was 61 years (21-74 years). More patients had tumors located in the lower rectum (78.0%, 78/100), staged T3-4 (97.0%, 97/100) and N1-2 (93.0%, 93/100), and about half of the tumors invaded the mesorectal fascia (52.0%, 52/100) and with extramural vascular invasion (51.0%, 51/100). Analyses were performed according to the per-protocal (PP) set. All patients in the iTNT group ( n=52) and the TNT group ( n=48) completed SCRT; The 4-cycle chemotherapy±Sintilimab completion rates were 86.5% and 100.0% in the iTNT and TNT groups, respectively. In the iTNT group, 82.7% (43/52), 11.5% (6/52), and 5.8% (3/52) of the patients received 4, 3, and 2 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor. After TNT, 68 patients underwent radical surgery and 15 patients achieved cCR and adopted W&W. The pathological complete response (pCR) rates were 48.5% (16/33) and 17.1% (6/35) in the iTNT and TNT groups, with CR rates of 50.0% (25/50) and 26.1% (12/46), respectively. The incidence of treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events was 26.9% (14/52, iTNT group) and 18.8% (9/48, TNT group), with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia being the most common. Among patients receiving immunotherapy, grade 3 immunotherapy-related adverse events occurred in 2 (3.8%, 2/52) patients: one case was pancreatitis, another case was hepatitis combined with myositis and myocarditis. Conclusion:The preliminary results show that SCRT-based TNT combined with PD-1 inhibitors could further improve the CR rate for LARC without unexpected serious adverse events.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)occurs in the upper respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract.Its pathogenesis is complex and there a lack of effective treatments.Suitable animal models and standard evaluation method are needed to explore the pathogenesis of this disease and to develop new therapeutic drugs.New Zealand rabbits are commonly used to model LPRD,via balloon dilatation.The standard evaluation method for LPRD include symptom observation and evaluation,imaging evaluation,and pH monitoring.This review considers the animal models and evaluation indexes currently used for pharyngeal reflux with reference to the global literature,to provide a reference for future research.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different surgical approaches for extracting high-positioned supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior midline region.Three surgical methods,the labial approach,the palatal approach,and a longitudinal incision beside the upper lip frenum were compared.Methods A total of 102 patients were recruited from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January and September 2024.They were randomly assigned via a random-digit table to three groups:the labial approach group(n=32),the palatal approach group(n=34),and the longitudinal incision beside the upper lip frenum group(n=36).Operation time,bone removal volume,post-operative midfacial swelling,degree of pain,and patient satisfaction across the three groups were recorded and compared.Results The average operation time in the labial approach group((20.50±3.02)min)and the longitudinal incision group((21.66±2.31)min)were both significantly shorter than that in the palatal approach group((29.19±3.40)min).In contrast,the palatal approach group demonstrated markedly lower postoperative swelling and pain scores(P＜0.05),along with the highest patient satisfaction,as reflected in the OHIP-14 scale.However,the palatal approach required the greatest bone removal volume,measuring(91.19±9.86)mm3.Conclusion Despite the palatal approach yielding superior outcomes in terms of postoperative pain control,swelling reduction,and patient satisfaction,it necessitated longer operation time and involved greater bone removal.Meanwhile,the labial approach and the longitudinal incision beside the upper lip frenum were comparable in all measured parameters,showing no statistically significant differences.Therefore,when extracting high midline impacted teeth in the maxillary anterior region,the choice of surgical approach should balance safety,minimal invasiveness,and patient satisfaction.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

This research study focuses on addressing the limitations of current neuropathic pain (NP) treatments by developing a novel dual-target modulator, E0199, targeting both Na_V1.7, Na_V1.8, and Na_V1.9 and K_V7 channels, a crucial regulator in controlling NP symptoms. The objective of the study was to synthesize a compound capable of modulating these channels to alleviate NP. Through an experimental design involving both in vitro and in vivo methods, E0199 was tested for its efficacy on ion channels and its therapeutic potential in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model. The results demonstrated that E0199 significantly inhibited Na_V1.7, Na_V1.8, and Na_V1.9 channels with a particularly low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for Na_V1.9 by promoting sodium channel inactivation, and also effectively increased K_V7.2/7.3, K_V7.2, and K_V7.5 channels, excluding K_V7.1 by promoting potassium channel activation. This dual action significantly reduced the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and alleviated pain hypersensitivity in mice at low doses, indicating a potent analgesic effect without affecting heart and skeletal muscle ion channels critically. The safety of E0199 was supported by neurobehavioral evaluations. Conclusively, E0199 represents a ground-breaking approach in NP treatment, showcasing the potential of dual-target small-molecule compounds in providing a more effective and safe therapeutic option for NP. This study introduces a promising direction for the future development of NP therapeutics.

Objective:To establish a method of dual nueleic acid test strips for rapid detection of Bacillus cereus cytK and nhe toxin genes based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and colloidal gold technique,and to evaluate its specificity,sensitivity,repeatability and stability.Methods:Bacillus cereus DNA was extracted by boiling method.Specific primers were designed with Bacillus cereus cytK and nhe as the target genes.Clonal transformation was used to identify the PCR products.The optimal labeling amounts of colloidal gold-labeled streptavidin,quality control line(C line),cytK detection line(T1)and nhe detection line(T2)were determined.The nucleic acid test strips were assembled and its specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility and stability were evaluated.Results:The DNA concentration of Bacillus cereus was 248 mg·L-1,and the purities were 1.8-2.0.After cloning and plasmid sequencing,the similarities between the PCR products and the sequences of cytK and nhe registered in the GenBank database were 100％.Under the condition of pH 7.0,the optimal amount of streptavidin labeling per 200 μL of colloidal gold solution was 6.0 μL;the optimal marking amount was 2.00 g·L-1 for the quality control line(C line),0.550 g·L-1 for cytK gene detection line(T1)and 0.2 g·L-1 for nhe gene detection line(T2).In the specificity test,positive result on the test strips was seen only for Bacillus cereus,and no cross-reactivity was observed for Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis,which were consistent with the electrophoresis results.Sensitivity assay showed that even when DNA concentration was reduced to 10-2 mg·L-1,three bands(C line,T1 line and T2 line)could be observed,and the detection limit of the test strip was one-tenth of agarose gel electrophoresis(10-1 mg·L-1).The nucleic acid test strips were verified by different operators in different laboratories,and the results were consistent.The stability of the test strips was verified at the 6th,9th and 12th months,and the results showed good stability.Conclusion:The dual nucleic acid test strip method established in this study can simutaneously detect the cytK and nhe toxin genes of Bacillus cereus with high sensitivity and specificity,achieving short-term visual detection.

Objective:To discuss the effect of quorum sensing-related gene expression on biofilm formation and drug resistance in clinically multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and to clarify the mechanism of enhacing drug resistance.Methods:A total of 77 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected.Based on drug resistance,the strains were divided into multidrug-resistant group and sensitive group.The optimal biofilm formation conditions were determined using the microtiter plate method;biofilm formations of the stains in both groups was observed under an optical microscope;crystal violet staining was used to semiquantitatively detect biofilm formation ability of P.aeruginosa in both groups;microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)values of the quorum sensing inhibitor(C-30)against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both groups;RNA was extracted from two groups using a commercial kit,while RNA from planktonic state and biofilm state of multidrug-resistant strains was extracted using modified TRIzol method;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of quorum sensing-related genes(lasR/I,RhlR/I,PqsR/A)of the stains in multidrug-resistant group and sensitive group,as well as before and after adding the quorum sensing inhibitor C-30.Results:Among 77 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,56 were multidrug-resistant(multidrug-resistant group)and 21 were fully sensitive(sensitive group).Optimal biofilm formation occurred at a bacterial concentration of 1.5×108 CFU·mL-1 with 48 h incubation.The biofilm positivity rate was 91%,with strongly positive,moderately positive,weakly positive,and negative biofilms accounting for 16%,34%,41%,and 9%,respectively.The biofilm positivity rate in multidrug-resistant strains was 96%,and biofilm formation ability in multidrug-resistant group was higher than that in sensitive group(P<0.05).When the concentration of C-30 was 8 mg·L-1 the biofilm formation in most Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited,with enhanced suppression at higher concentrations.The absorbtion(A)value of both planktonic-state and biofilm-state RNA ranged from 1.8 to 2.0.The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with planktonic state,the expression levels of lasR/I,RhlR/I,and PqsR/A mRNA of the stains in biofilm state were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with non-inhibitor group,the expression levels of lasR/I,RhlR/I,and PqsR/A mRNA in biofilm state of inhibitor-treated group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:High expression of quorum sensing-related genes in multidrug-resistant P.aeruginosa promotes biofilm formation,thereby enhancing drug resistance.

Objective:To establish a rapid detection method for pathogenic microorganisms by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 12a(Cas12a)(CRISPR-Cas12a)system,and to evaluate its efficacy for detecting the thermolabile hemolysin(tlh)gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Vp).Methods:Using the tlh gene of Vp as the target gene,LAMP primers and CRISPR RNA(crRNA)were designed to construct and optimize the optimal concentration ratio of each component in the LAMP-CRISPR detection system.Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus aureus,and Escherichia coli were used as control groups,and the specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility and positive conformity rate were verified to establish a rapid LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a method for detecting the tlh gene of Vp.Results:The method specifically detected Vp,while Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus aureus,and Escherichia coli yielded negative results.The DNA extraction concentration of Vp was 190.67 mg·L-1 with an A(260)/(A280)ratio of 1.84.Under the reaction conditions of 37℃ with 80 cycles for 40 min using quantitative PCR(qPCR)method,when the concentrations of Cas12a protein and crRNA in the LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a system were 50 nmol·L-1,the visual brightness and relative fluorescence intensity peaks were high.The sensitivity of LAMP CRISPR/Cas12a for detecting Vp DNA concentration could reach 10-6 mg·L-1.The reproducibility test results showed that different experimenters had consistent results in different experimental environments and times.Conclusion:The established LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a method can rapidly detect the tlh gene of Vp with high sensitivity and specificity,and can achieve short-term visual detection in the field.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.