Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus， and its characteristic pathological changes include microaneurysm formation， hemorrhagic focus formation， exudate deposition， and neovascular proliferation. Long-term hyperglycemic state can induce inflammatory response， oxidative stress， and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， which destroys the blood-retinal barrier and promotes the progression of DR. Although the current clinical treatment methods （such as laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF drugs） have certain effects， they still have limitations， and there is an urgent need to explore safer and multi-target intervention strategies. Recent studies have discovered that the nuclear factor （NF）-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process of DR. This pathway affects the occurrence and development of DR by regulating the release of inflammatory factors， oxidative stress response， and angiogenesis. With the advantages of multi-component， multi-target and overall regulation， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown unique potential in the prevention and treatment of DR. Especially， its precise regulation of the NF-κB pathway has become a research hotspot. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms of action of NF-κB-related signaling pathways in DR， with focuses on the research progress in TCM single herbs and active ingredients， Chinese patent medicines， and TCM compound preparations in ameliorating DR by regulating the NF-κB pathway. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and a transformation direction for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of DR.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and trends of liver, lung, breast, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Data of new cases of liver, lung, breast, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City from 2018 to 2022 were collected through the big data platform of the Nanning Health Propaganda and Information Center's Hospitalization System. The incidence rates were calculated and standardized using the data of the seventh national population census in 2020. The age, gender, and urban-rural distribution of the five malignant tumor cases were descriptively analyzed. The trends in incidence of the five malignant tumors were analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: From 2018 to 2022, the crude and standardized incidence rates of liver cancer in Nanning City were 24.46/105 and 26.39/105, respectively, showing upward trends (APC=15.122% and 13.111%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were 23.42/105 and 25.83/105, respectively, showing upward trends (APC=13.714% and 10.056%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of breast cancer were 19.13/105 and 20.29/105, respectively, with no significant trends (APC=-5.129% and -5.164%, both P>0.05). The crude incidence rate of colorectal cancer was 18.81/105, showing an upward trend (APC=8.164%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence rate was 20.64/105, with no significant trend (APC=5.044%, P>0.05). The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer was 7.27/105, showing an upward trend (APC=5.984%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence rate was 7.98/105, with no significant trend (APC=3.304%, P>0.05). The age of onset peak for liver cancer was 65 to <70 years, for lung cancer was 75 to <80 years, for breast cancer was 55 to <60 years, for colorectal cancer was 80 to <85 years, and for gastric cancer was 75 to <80 years. The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers were higher in males than in females (all P<0.05). The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung and gastric cancers were higher in rural areas than in urban areas, while the standardized incidence rates of breast and colorectal cancers were lower in rural areas (all P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City showed upward trends from 2018 to 2022, while the incidence rate of breast cancer remained stable. The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers were higher in males, and the standardized incidences of liver, lung and gastric cancers were higher in rural areas.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in the cancer registration areas of Nanning City from 2016 to 2020.[Methods]The incidence and mor-tality data of thyroid cancer from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Nanning cancer registries,and the the quality of data was assessed.The crude incidence/mortality rates,the age-standar-dized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC,ASMRC)and world stan-dard population(ASIRW,ASMRW),the cumulative incidence/mortality rates(0～74 years old),and the age-specific incidence/mortality rates were calculated.The Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the trends of incidence and mortality,expressed as average annual percentage change(AAPC).[Results]From 2016 to 2020,a total of 2 291 new cases of thyroid cancer were reported in Nanning cancer registries.The crude incidence rate was 7.70/105 with the ASIRC of 7.23/105 and ASIRW of 6.22/105,the cumulative incidence rate was 0.59％.The incidence was higher in female than that in male,and higher in urban areas than that in rural areas.The incidence rate of thyroid cancer began to rise sharply from the 20 years old and reached peak in the age group of 50～54 years old.The incidence rate in female remained at a high level in the age group of 30～59 years old,which was higher than that in male.A total of 121 deaths of thyroid cancer were re-ported with a crude mortality rate of 0.41/105,ASMRC of 0.32/105,ASMRW of 0.31/105 and cu-mulative mortality rate of 0.03％.The mortality rate was higher in female than that in male.The age-specific mortality rate for thyroid cancer showed a fluctuant upward trend after the 40 years old and peaked in the age group of 75～79 years old.The crude incidence rate and ASIRC showed an upward trend in whole population(AAPC=21.11％,t=3.25,P＜0.05;AAPC=22.02％,t=3.39,P＜0.05),in male(AAPC=19.45％,t=4.35,P＜0.05;AAPC=19.81％,t=5.74,P＜0.05)and urban areas(AAPC=30.62％,t=7.13,P＜0.05;AAPC=32.38％,t=7.25,P＜0.05).The crude mortality rate and ASMRC in urban areas(AAPC=43.06％,t=7.73,P＜0.05;AAPC=47.63％,t=8.60,P＜0.05)also showed an increasing trend.[Conclusion]The crude incidence rate and ASIRC of thyroid cancer in cancer registration areas of Nanning City showed an overall upward trend from 2016 to 2020,except in rural areas;while the rising trends of the crude mortality rate and ASMRC were only observed in urban areas.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of the macrophage activation syndrome/systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis（MS）score in macrophage activation syndrome（MAS）associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis（sJIA），and to provide a reference for clinical work.Methods:This study was a retrospective case-control analysis，conducted on the patients initially diagnosed as sJIA-associated with MAS and admitted into the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi 'an Jiaotong University from July 1st，2016 to June 30th，2023. All of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for patients with MAS associated with sJIA according to the 2016 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology（EULAR）/American College of Rheumatology（ACR）/Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization（PRINTO）standards. The basic information at baseline，clinical manifestations，and auxiliary examination results were collected. The MS score was applied to re-evaluate the children diagnosed as sJIA-associated with MAS. When the MS score ≥-2.1，the possibility of sJIA with MAS was high. Thirty cases of sJIA without MAS were randomly selected as the control group.Results:There were 28 cases in the MAS group，including 13 males（46.43%）and 15 females（53.57%），with an average age of（7.51±4.01）years. Compared with the control group，the MAS group were significantly more likely to have high fever（ χ2=8.539， P=0.003），hepatomegaly（ χ2=11.621， P<0.001），splenomegaly（ χ2=11.710， P<0.001）and neurological involvement（ χ2=27.619， P<0.001），with the differences being statistically significant. Meanwhile，there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of white blood cell count（ Z=-4.001， P<0.001），neutrophil count（ Z=-3.659， P<0.001），platelet count（ Z=-4.687， P<0.001），albumin level（ Z=-4.018， P<0.001），alanine aminotransferase（ Z=-3.846， P<0.001），aspartate aminotransferase（ Z=-5.932， P<0.001），lactate dehydrogenase（ Z=-6.150， P<0.001），triglycerides（ Z=-5.874， P<0.001），fibrinogen（ Z=-5.808， P<0.001），ferritin（ Z=-5.280， P<0.001），erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ Z=-3.971， P<0.001），ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ Z=-5.433， P<0.001），reduction of two-line cells in blood（ χ2=11.408， P<0.001）and the presence of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow smears（ χ2=28.260， P<0.001）. Moreover，there was a statistically significant difference in MS scores between the two groups（ Z=-6.148， P<0.001），with higher MS scores in the MAS group. Nevertheless，this study showed the median MS scores of both groups ≥-2.1. Conclusion:The MS score was significant to a certain degree as reference for the diagnosis of MAS，and this study showed that the MS score in the MAS group was significantly higher than the control group. However，the median MS scores in both groups were no less than -2.1. This might be related to the influence of factors during the assessment，which made it necessary to optimize the cutoff values of the MS score. Therefore，prospective studies should be carried out on the role of MS score in early identification of MAS.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in the cancer registration areas of Nanning City from 2016 to 2020.[Methods]The incidence and mor-tality data of thyroid cancer from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Nanning cancer registries,and the the quality of data was assessed.The crude incidence/mortality rates,the age-standar-dized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC,ASMRC)and world stan-dard population(ASIRW,ASMRW),the cumulative incidence/mortality rates(0～74 years old),and the age-specific incidence/mortality rates were calculated.The Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the trends of incidence and mortality,expressed as average annual percentage change(AAPC).[Results]From 2016 to 2020,a total of 2 291 new cases of thyroid cancer were reported in Nanning cancer registries.The crude incidence rate was 7.70/105 with the ASIRC of 7.23/105 and ASIRW of 6.22/105,the cumulative incidence rate was 0.59％.The incidence was higher in female than that in male,and higher in urban areas than that in rural areas.The incidence rate of thyroid cancer began to rise sharply from the 20 years old and reached peak in the age group of 50～54 years old.The incidence rate in female remained at a high level in the age group of 30～59 years old,which was higher than that in male.A total of 121 deaths of thyroid cancer were re-ported with a crude mortality rate of 0.41/105,ASMRC of 0.32/105,ASMRW of 0.31/105 and cu-mulative mortality rate of 0.03％.The mortality rate was higher in female than that in male.The age-specific mortality rate for thyroid cancer showed a fluctuant upward trend after the 40 years old and peaked in the age group of 75～79 years old.The crude incidence rate and ASIRC showed an upward trend in whole population(AAPC=21.11％,t=3.25,P＜0.05;AAPC=22.02％,t=3.39,P＜0.05),in male(AAPC=19.45％,t=4.35,P＜0.05;AAPC=19.81％,t=5.74,P＜0.05)and urban areas(AAPC=30.62％,t=7.13,P＜0.05;AAPC=32.38％,t=7.25,P＜0.05).The crude mortality rate and ASMRC in urban areas(AAPC=43.06％,t=7.73,P＜0.05;AAPC=47.63％,t=8.60,P＜0.05)also showed an increasing trend.[Conclusion]The crude incidence rate and ASIRC of thyroid cancer in cancer registration areas of Nanning City showed an overall upward trend from 2016 to 2020,except in rural areas;while the rising trends of the crude mortality rate and ASMRC were only observed in urban areas.

Objective To study the spatial and temporal mode of infectious TB transmission in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods Data related to infectious TB case (Include smear and/or culture positive patients) in Guangxi were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reported System (NNDRS) from 2010 to 2015.Spatial-temporal analysis and prediction were performed by SaTScan 7.0.2,GeoDa 1.8.12,R program v 3.3.1 and SPSS 19.0 software,using the time series model,Moran' s I global and local spatial autocorrelation (Empirical Bayes adjustment).Kulldorff ' s space-time scan statistics displayed by R software was used to identify the temporal and spatial trend of TB.Results The total number of infectious TB cases,collected from NNDRS was 76 151,and showing a decreasing trend on annual incidence (value of Chi-square for Linear trend=3 464.53,P-value=0.000).The forecast value of TB cases in 2016 was 7 764 (4 971-10 557),with peak in March,analyzed through the Winters' multiplicative model.The Moran' s I global Statistics was greater than 0 (0.257-0.390).TB cluster seemed to have been existed for several years.The most significant hot spots seemed to be mainly located in the central and western parts of Guangxi,shown by local spatial autocorrelation statistics and the result from space-time scanning.Counties or districts that located in the east parts of Guangxi presented the low-low relation (significant cold spots).The situation of infectious TB seemed migratory.Conclusions Our data showed an annual decreasing trend of incidence on infectious TB with temporal concentration in spring and summer.Main clusters (hot spots) were found to be located in the central and western parts of Guangxi.Hopefully,our findings can provide clues to uncover the real mode of TB transmission at the molecular-biological level.

Objective To examine cognitive function of the HIV/AIDS patients in the hospitals measured by the neuropsychological tests battery,make an evaluation of cognitive function of the HIV/AIDS patients,and diagnose the patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders(HAND).Methods Ninety-nine normal individuals and two hundred and thirty HIV/AIDS inpatients,who were sampled by multi-stage random stratified in Guangxi,were tested by the 12 items of the neuropsychological tests.Results HIV / AIDS patients with abnormal neuropsychological test entries proportion ranges located between 21.3％-58.7 ％.The results of 12 items of the neuropsychological tests were associated with the results of clinical diagnosis.Among them,the results of SC time,SCW time,color attachment,and numbers of the contiguous error in WSCT tests were positively associated with the results of clinical diagnosis,and the correlation coefficient were 0.384,0.335,0.237 and 0.129,respectively.There was a negative correlation between the results of the rest assessment and the results of clinical diagnosis ; vocabulary fluency was the highest correlation coefficient,while numbers of the contiguous error in WSCT tests was the lowest.Conclusion A higher proportion of abnormal occurrence of Guangxi HIV / AIDS patients in the 12 neuropsychological test entry,and affect the subjects with or without HIV-related neurological assessment of cognitive impairment.The data suggest that a full neuropsychological tests can be better used for the preliminary study of the HIV ±/AIDS patients neurocognitive function.