Objective To search,evaluate and synthesise the best available evidence on prevention strategies for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients and to offer a reference in management of safety and efficiency.Methods Literature on prevention strategies for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients was retrieved across BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI Center for Evidence Based Healthcare International Collaboration Library,Medlive,US National Guidelines Database,International Guidelines Collaboration Group,Scottish InterAcademy Guidelines Network,Ontario Registered Nurses Association of Canada,UK National Institute for Clinical Optimization,New Zealand Guidelines Research Group,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,CINAHL,CNKI,CBM Database,Wanfang Data and VIP Database,from the inception of databases to August 2024.Retrieved literature included guidelines,clinical decisions,recommended practices,evidence summaries,expert consensus and systematic reviews.Two researchers evaluated the literature methodologically and then summarised evidence from the included data.Results Fifteen publications(2 guidelines,1 clinical decision,3 recommended practices,7 evidences and 2 systematic reviews)were included.A total of 30 pieces of evidence were extracted and they were grouped into 7 themes:risk assessment,selection of nasogastric tube,depth of intubation,tube fixation,tube position,tube management and patient education.Conclusion Clinicians should integrate the best evidences into clinical practice and assess risk factors for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients.Personalised early intervention plans should be made to reduce or avoid the unplanned extubation.

Objective To search,evaluate and synthesise the best available evidence on prevention strategies for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients and to offer a reference in management of safety and efficiency.Methods Literature on prevention strategies for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients was retrieved across BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI Center for Evidence Based Healthcare International Collaboration Library,Medlive,US National Guidelines Database,International Guidelines Collaboration Group,Scottish InterAcademy Guidelines Network,Ontario Registered Nurses Association of Canada,UK National Institute for Clinical Optimization,New Zealand Guidelines Research Group,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,CINAHL,CNKI,CBM Database,Wanfang Data and VIP Database,from the inception of databases to August 2024.Retrieved literature included guidelines,clinical decisions,recommended practices,evidence summaries,expert consensus and systematic reviews.Two researchers evaluated the literature methodologically and then summarised evidence from the included data.Results Fifteen publications(2 guidelines,1 clinical decision,3 recommended practices,7 evidences and 2 systematic reviews)were included.A total of 30 pieces of evidence were extracted and they were grouped into 7 themes:risk assessment,selection of nasogastric tube,depth of intubation,tube fixation,tube position,tube management and patient education.Conclusion Clinicians should integrate the best evidences into clinical practice and assess risk factors for unplanned extubation of nasogastric tube in adult inpatients.Personalised early intervention plans should be made to reduce or avoid the unplanned extubation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of amiodarone on patients with atrial fibrillation after heart valve replacement, and to provide reference basis for improving the efficacy of patients with atrial fibrillation after heart valve replacement.Methods:The PubMed, Web of Science, WILEY medical and nursing discipline database, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database and China Biology Medicine disc were searched by computer. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about amiodarone treating patients with atrial fibrillation after heart valve replacement were searched from the establishment of the database to 24th September , 2019. After two people's independent literature screening and literature quality evaluation, relevant data were extracted and quantitative comprehensive analysis was conducted with Revman 5.3 software.Results:A total of 7 articles were included, including 6 Chinese articles and 1 English article. There were 710 patients in total, including 363 cases in the experimental group and 347 cases in the control group. Quantitative synthesis was performed with Revman 5.3 software, and the results showed that amiodarone treatment for atrial fibrillation after valve replacement could improve the recovery rate of atrial fibrillation ( RR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.20-1.54, P<0.05) . The rate of sinus rhythm maintenance was increased ( RR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.16-1.72, P=0.002) , the ICU monitoring time was shortened ( MD=-1.09, 95% CI: -1.32--0.86, P<0.05) , and the total days in hospital was reduced ( MD=-3.92, 95% CI: -4.25--3.59, P<0.05) . Conclusions:Amiodarone treatment for atrial fibrillation after valve replacement can improve the recovery rate of atrial fibrillation and the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance, reduce the ICU monitoring time and the total days in hospital, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors of the prolonged time of retention ICU after type A aortic dissection operation,to establish a corresponding perioperative risk assessment system.Methods A total of 509 consecutive patients with type A aortic dissection were enrolled in the study from September 2011 to May 2016,among which,418 patients received emergency operation.The prolonged retention time of ICU was considered as endpoint event.A perioperative assessment system was established through the analysis of related risk factors of the most common complications after type A aortic dissection operation.The possible risk factors of prolonged retention time of ICU were introduced into a single factor analysis.The meaningful variables in the single factor analysis were introduced into logistic regression analysis.The independent risk factors which were obtained from logistic regression analysis were used to establish risk prediction modeL,and the ROC curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test were used to evaluate the model.Results The perioperative mortality rate was 8.64％,the prolonged retention time of ICU was 5.06 days,and 98 cases exceeded 7 days.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age,the history of stroke,obesity,emergency operation,cardiopulmonary bypass time,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time,renal inadequacy,massive transfusion,hypoxemia,and pulmonary infection were the independent risk factors for prolonged retention time of ICU.Accordingly,a mathematical model was established.The area under ROC cure for prediction model(AUC) =0.761,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test P =0.512.Conclusion The logistic model estabhshed in this study can successfully predict ICU retention time after type A aortic dissection operation,and the efficacy was predicted satisfactorily.

Objective To make a systematical review of the safety and efifcacy of Etomidate plus Fentanyl-class drugs and Propofol plus Fentanyl-class drugs in older patients undergoing gastroscopy. Methods We searched the Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, China Biology Medicine (CBM), CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the efifcacy of Etomidate plus Fentanyl-class drugs(Fentanyl, Sufentanil, remifentanil) in older patients undergoing gastroscopy. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by the Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.3 software. Results 11 RCTs involving 1 535 patients were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed that patients in the Etomidate group had a lower heart rate [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD)=2.25, 95%CI(0.93, 3.56), P=0.001] and mean arterial pressure [WMD=9.09, 95%CI (7.60, 10.57), P=0.000] lfuctuation than whose of the Propofol group.The hypoxemia occurrence [O^R=0.46, 95%CI (0.32, 0.65), P=0.000] in Etomidate group is also lower than which of the Propofol group. For side effects aspects, the risk of apnea[O^R=0.26, 95%CI(0.15, 0.48), P=0.000] and injection pain [O^R=0.02, 95%CI (0.01, 0.05), P=0.000] in the Etomidate group is much lower than the Propofol group ,while the myoclonus [O^R=8.14, 95%CI (4.18, 15.87), P=0.000], nausea and vomiting [O^R=3.44, 95%CI (2.03, 5.84), P=0.000] were more incidental than the Propofol group. Conclusion Etomidate plus Fentanyl-class drugs can effectively maintain circulatory system for the old undergoing painless gastroscopy, demonstrated to be a safe and valid anesthesia method.

Objective This study aims to analyze the independent risk factors associated with postoperative delirium of patients undergoing Stanford A aortic dissection surgery.Methods Clinical data of the patients who underwent Stanford A aortic dissection surgery from December 2014 to October 2015 were collected.All patients received surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) and the nasal temperature goal was below 23℃.After surgery,patients were transferred to the cardiovascular ICU,where they received standard postoperative care.The delirium was diagnosed according to the criteria of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit(CAM-ICU).The possible risk factors of pre-operation,during operation or post-operation were analyzed via univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent risk factorsof postoperative delirium.Results 148 patients underwent Stanford A aortic dissection surgery which the incidence of postoperative delirium was 31.1％ (46/148).Univariate analysis showed the associated risk factors were age,hypertension,cognitive impairment,emergency operation,operation time,aorta clamping time,DHCA time,fluctuation of blood pressure during operation,blood transfusion,quality of sleep,length of ICU stay and electrolyte disturbance(P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension,cognitive impairment,fluctuation of mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) ＞ 30 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),DHCA time ＞ 40 min,postoperative poor quality of sleep and electrolyte disturbance were independently associated with postoperative delirium after Stanford A aortic dissection surgery(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Delirium is a frequent complication.Factors independently associated with delirium are hypertension,cognitive impairment,DHCA time,postoperative poor quality of sleep and electrolyte disturbance.Prevent,assess and manage delirium should be paid more attention and reinforced.

Objective To analyze the incidence rate and the perioperative risk factors associated with delirium after cardiac surgery.Methods We enrolled 622 patients between October 2014 and March 2015 in the department of cardiovascular surgery in Henan Provincial People's Hospital who were allocated to group PD and non-PD according to the Confusion Assessment Method(CAM) after the cardiac operation.Baseline demographics,perioperative data,and postoperative outcomes of these patients were recorded and analyzed via chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors of postoperative delirium.Results Postoperative delirium was detected in 102 patients according to CAM criteria.The incidence was 16.4％.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR =3.456;95％ CI:2.431-4.569),preoperative atrial fibrillation (OR =1.987;95％ CI:3.562-7.862),prolonged surgery duration (OR =1.246;95％ CI:3.164-5.982),postoperative pain (OR =5.356;95 ％ CI:1.386-9.374)were independently associated with postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery.Conclusions Delirium is a frequent complication,age,preoperative atrial fibrillation,prolonged surgery duration,postoperative pain are independent risk factors for delirium following cardiac surgery.Management according to potential risk factors may be associated with preferable therapeutic outcomes.

Objective To explore the risk factors and optional treatment strategies for postoperative hypoxemia in patients undergoing acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery.Methods From December 2012 to April 2014,108 patients received acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery in Henan Provincial People' s Hospital.Of them,74 men vs.34 women,age (43.2 ± 10.1) years old,and weight (71.3 ± 18.4) kg.The operation was performed within 14 days since disease onset.All patients received surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) and the nasal temperature goal was below 20 ℃ .Postoperative hypoxemia was defined as the arterial partial oxygen over inspired oxygen fraction(PaO2/FiO2) more than 200 after admission to ICU.Pulmonary protective ventilation management took place immediately after hypoxemia was diagnosed.Comparison analysis was performed between hypoxemia group and non-hypoxemia group in age,gender,body mass index (BMI),smoking history,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),duration of DHCA,blood transfusion,length of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay and mortality.Results The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 40.7％ (44/108).There were no statistical differences in age,gender,hypertension,diabetes mellitus or COPD history.In the hypoxemia group,11 cases developed pulmonary infection,3 cases underwent tracheotomy and 10 cases died.In the non-hypoxemia group,4 patients died.Postoperative hypoxemia was significantly associated with more mortality,length of ventilation time,length of ICU stay and in hospital(P ＞ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed the associated factors were BMI,smoking history,preoperative hypoxemia,LVEF ＜ 0.45,operation time,aorta clamping time,DHCA time and blood transfusion.Multivariate analysis showed the independent predictive factors were preoperative hypoxemia,DHCA ＞40 min,blood transfusion ＞ 10 U and BMI ＞25 kg/ m2.Conclusion Obesity,massive blood transfusion,long DHCA time and preoperative hypoxemia are independent risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia in patients undergoing acute Stanford A aortic dissection surgery.Perioperative pulmonary protection should be paid more attention and reinforced.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on coagulation and inflammation markers in sepsis patients.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhengzhou University People's Hospital from March 2012 to May 2014 were divided into control group and observation group, with 30 cases in each group. The observations were begun as soon as the diagnosis of sepsis was established, and the observation time was 7 days. All sepsis patients were treated according to the 2008 international sepsis treatment guidelines. Every patient in the observation group was subcutaneously injected with LMWH 0.6 mL on the first day of ICU admission, twice a day for 7 days. The blood from peripheral vein was collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days of treatment, and CD62p, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), D-dimmer was determined by immunoturbidimetry, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score was recorded, and incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was also evaluated.Results There were no significant differences in values of all parameters, including CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α, and APACHEⅡ score at 1 day of treatment. The values of all parameters in observation group were gradually decreased. CD62p at 3 days of treatment and D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α, and APACHEⅡ score at 5 days of treatment were significantly lower than those at 1 day of treatment. The values in the control group were decreased at first and then increased, as D-dimmer, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher on the 5th day than those at 1 day of treatment. Compared with control group, CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, TNF-α and APACHEⅡ score on the 7th day of treatment were significantly lowered in observation group [CD62 (μg/L): 22.64±2.88 vs. 31.52±2.81, D-dimmer (g/L): 1.32±0.46 vs. 4.79±0.82, IL-6 (ng/L): 5.84±1.87 vs. 49.64±3.12, TNF-α (ng/L): 21.04±3.15 vs. 130.58±6.26, APACHEⅡ score: 9.71±2.02 vs. 14.17±2.38, allP< 0.05]. Correlation analysis showed that in observation group, CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6, and TNF-α were positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score (r value was 0.907, 0.868, 0.880, 0.693, respectively, all P=0.000). The incidence of MODS in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [26.7% (8/30) vs. 46.7% (14/30),χ2=3.943,P= 0.028].Conclusions LMWH, which was given early in sepsis, can significantly down-regulate the expression of CD62p, D-dimmer, IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduce the incidence of MODS. Some indicators regarding coagulation and inflammation can be used as supplementary indicators to severity scores, and it may be able to improve the accuracy of scoring systems for sepsis.