BACKGROUND:The highest incidence of spinal fracture is in the thoracolumbar segment,and its symptoms are back pain,posterior convexity deformity,activity limitation,or with spinal cord nerve injury causing lower limb pain,numbness,and even paraplegia and other complications.The finite element method is a digital computer modeling technique,which can simulate the physical model and carry out force analysis realistically.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in thoracolumbar spine fractures.METHODS:We searched the Chinese and English literature databases PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI for relevant literature on the application of the finite element analysis method in spinal thoracolumbar fracture published before March 2024.The search terms in Chinese and English were:finite element analysis methods,biomechanical phenomena,stress analysis,thoracolumbar fractures,spinal fractures.Finally,55 papers were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The exploration of thoracolumbar fractures caused by different etiologies(osteoporotic,traumatic,and pathological)through the finite element method is conducive to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of various types of thoracolumbar fractures,and to improve the individualized and fine-tuned treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.(2)The finite element analysis of a single sample or a small number of samples has the chance,and a larger number of samples are required for the future finite element analysis to reduce the chance caused by the sample.(3)The rigid structure of bones alone cannot meet the biomechanical working conditions of the integrity of the physical object,and future finite element models need to incorporate all the structures of the physical object(e.g.,soft tissues,such as muscles and ligaments)as far as possible.(4)The finite element method has been used in more studies on osteoporotic and traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures,which will need to be more in-depth in the future,and less in the field of pathologic thoracolumbar fractures,which has a wider scope for future research.

BACKGROUND:Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine>10° accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation,which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression,such as lumbar pain,lower limb pain,numbness,weakness,and neurogenic claudication.The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling,which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis. METHODS:The literature databases CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023.Search terms were"finite element analysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity"in Chinese and English.Fifty-four papers were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies,which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis.(2)The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis,slowing down the progress of the scoliosis,the development of a more appropriate treatment plan,the reduction of complications,and the promotion of the patients'surgical operation.(3)The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments,and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs.(4)The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis.

Objective:To explore the training method for personalized eyebrow shape design before eyebrow transplantation surgery and to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:Thirty physicians with similar foundational knowledge in facial aesthetic design and equivalent educational backgrounds were prospectively selected from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University and Beijing Biliansheng Medical Beauty Clinic from January to December 2023. All the physicians were right-handed. Based on prior experience in eyebrow transplantation surgery, they were divided into two groups: an observation group [ n=20; 10 males, 10 females; aged (27.8±3.9) years] without experience in personalized eyebrow transplantation surgery, and a control group [ n=10; 5 males, 5 females; aged (29.6±4.0) years] with at least 2 years of experience in personalized eyebrow transplantation surgery. All the physicians received 2 hours of theoretical instruction on personalized eyebrow shape design and 8 hours of simulated operation training. Differences in personalized eyebrow design scores between the two groups were compared before and after training. After the assessment, physicians in the observation group performed eyebrow shape design on 20 eyebrow transplantation patients with randomly assigned face shapes, and patient satisfaction was evaluated. Results:Before training, personalized eyebrow design scores were 1.16±0.29 for the observation group and 3.75±0.22 for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). After operation training, the scores were 4.51±0.11 for the observation group and 4.89±0.08 for the control group, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The difference between pre- and post-training scores within the observation group was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Physicians in the observation group designed eyebrow shapes for male and female patients with various face shapes. Immediately after surgery, 80% (16/20) of patients were very satisfied, and 20% (4/20) were satisfied. Conclusion:After training of combined theoretical lectures, simulated practice, and hands-on patient design, physicians in the observation group demonstrate improved ability in personalized eyebrow shape design and achieve high patient satisfaction.

BACKGROUND:The highest incidence of spinal fracture is in the thoracolumbar segment,and its symptoms are back pain,posterior convexity deformity,activity limitation,or with spinal cord nerve injury causing lower limb pain,numbness,and even paraplegia and other complications.The finite element method is a digital computer modeling technique,which can simulate the physical model and carry out force analysis realistically.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in thoracolumbar spine fractures.METHODS:We searched the Chinese and English literature databases PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI for relevant literature on the application of the finite element analysis method in spinal thoracolumbar fracture published before March 2024.The search terms in Chinese and English were:finite element analysis methods,biomechanical phenomena,stress analysis,thoracolumbar fractures,spinal fractures.Finally,55 papers were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The exploration of thoracolumbar fractures caused by different etiologies(osteoporotic,traumatic,and pathological)through the finite element method is conducive to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of various types of thoracolumbar fractures,and to improve the individualized and fine-tuned treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.(2)The finite element analysis of a single sample or a small number of samples has the chance,and a larger number of samples are required for the future finite element analysis to reduce the chance caused by the sample.(3)The rigid structure of bones alone cannot meet the biomechanical working conditions of the integrity of the physical object,and future finite element models need to incorporate all the structures of the physical object(e.g.,soft tissues,such as muscles and ligaments)as far as possible.(4)The finite element method has been used in more studies on osteoporotic and traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures,which will need to be more in-depth in the future,and less in the field of pathologic thoracolumbar fractures,which has a wider scope for future research.

Objective:To explore the training method for personalized eyebrow shape design before eyebrow transplantation surgery and to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:Thirty physicians with similar foundational knowledge in facial aesthetic design and equivalent educational backgrounds were prospectively selected from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University and Beijing Biliansheng Medical Beauty Clinic from January to December 2023. All the physicians were right-handed. Based on prior experience in eyebrow transplantation surgery, they were divided into two groups: an observation group [ n=20; 10 males, 10 females; aged (27.8±3.9) years] without experience in personalized eyebrow transplantation surgery, and a control group [ n=10; 5 males, 5 females; aged (29.6±4.0) years] with at least 2 years of experience in personalized eyebrow transplantation surgery. All the physicians received 2 hours of theoretical instruction on personalized eyebrow shape design and 8 hours of simulated operation training. Differences in personalized eyebrow design scores between the two groups were compared before and after training. After the assessment, physicians in the observation group performed eyebrow shape design on 20 eyebrow transplantation patients with randomly assigned face shapes, and patient satisfaction was evaluated. Results:Before training, personalized eyebrow design scores were 1.16±0.29 for the observation group and 3.75±0.22 for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). After operation training, the scores were 4.51±0.11 for the observation group and 4.89±0.08 for the control group, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The difference between pre- and post-training scores within the observation group was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Physicians in the observation group designed eyebrow shapes for male and female patients with various face shapes. Immediately after surgery, 80% (16/20) of patients were very satisfied, and 20% (4/20) were satisfied. Conclusion:After training of combined theoretical lectures, simulated practice, and hands-on patient design, physicians in the observation group demonstrate improved ability in personalized eyebrow shape design and achieve high patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTKI) HS-10296 on the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and explore the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with HS-10296 for 24, 48, or 72 h, and CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the cell viability. The inhibitory effect of HS-10296 on cell proliferation was determined by clonogenic assay. JC-1 and flow cytometry were employed for analyzing the cell apoptosis, and the ultrastructure of the cells was observed under electron microscope. After pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into control group, CQ treatment group, HS-10296 (4 and 6 μmol/L) treatment groups and combined treatment groups, and the sensitivity of the treated cells to HS-10296 was determined using CCK-8 assay. The effects of HS-10296 on EGFR pathway and apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS: HS-10296 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC values at 24, 48 and 72 h of 8.393, 2.777 and 2.016 μmol/L, respectively. JC-1 and flow cytometry showed that HS-10296 induced obvious apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, which showed an apoptosis rate of (21.63 ± 2.97)% following treatment with 8 μmol/L HS-10296. Autophagy vesicles were observed in the cells treated with HS-10296 under electron microscope. In MDA-MB-231 cells pretreated with CQ, inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced HS-10296-induced cell death. Western blotting showed that the apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was activated after HS-10296 treatment to cut its substrate PARP. The expression of autophagy-related protein light chain 3B (LC3B) was significantly enhanced after HS-10296 treatment ( < 0.01), which also resulted in inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT proteins in the cells. CONCLUSIONS HS-10296 can inhibit the proliferation and induce autophagy and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; ErbB Receptors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTKI) HS-10296 on the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and explore the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with HS-10296 for 24, 48, or 72 h, and CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the cell viability. The inhibitory effect of HS-10296 on cell proliferation was determined by clonogenic assay. JC-1 and flow cytometry were employed for analyzing the cell apoptosis, and the ultrastructure of the cells was observed under electron microscope. After pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into control group, CQ treatment group, HS-10296 (4 and 6 μmol/L) treatment groups and combined treatment groups, and the sensitivity of the treated cells to HS-10296 was determined using CCK-8 assay. The effects of HS-10296 on EGFR pathway and apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS: HS-10296 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC values at 24, 48 and 72 h of 8.393, 2.777 and 2.016 μmol/L, respectively. JC-1 and flow cytometry showed that HS-10296 induced obvious apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, which showed an apoptosis rate of (21.63 ± 2.97)% following treatment with 8 μmol/L HS-10296. Autophagy vesicles were observed in the cells treated with HS-10296 under electron microscope. In MDA-MB-231 cells pretreated with CQ, inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced HS-10296-induced cell death. Western blotting showed that the apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was activated after HS-10296 treatment to cut its substrate PARP. The expression of autophagy-related protein light chain 3B (LC3B) was significantly enhanced after HS-10296 treatment ( < 0.01), which also resulted in inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT proteins in the cells. CONCLUSIONS HS-10296 can inhibit the proliferation and induce autophagy and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; ErbB Receptors ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Objective To investigate whether insulin resistance is a cause of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods All patients who had abnormal 50g glucose screening test accepted 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated. These patients were followed up and divided into two groups (PIH group and normal pregnancy group) at third trimester of pregnancy. The difference of ISI between the PIH group and normal pregnancy group was compared. Results Fast blood glucose, fast blood insulin and ISI were (4.2?0.7)mmol/L vs. (3.8?0.7)mmol/L, (107.8?48.8)pmol/L vs. (50.4?40.5)pmol/L, and -3.25?0.27 vs. -2.58?0.66 in PIH group and normal group, respectively ( P 0.05). Conclusions Insulin resistance during second trimester of pregnancy may be one of the causes of pregnancy induced hypertension.