Background As common public facilities essential to daily life, hair and beauty salons frequently contain various airborne toxic and hazardous pollutants potentially leading to adverse health effects for salon practitioners. Objective To characterize the indoor air pollution profiles of common contaminants in hair and beauty salons in Shanghai and to evaluate the associated health risks for practitioners, in order to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the public health management in Shanghai and protecting the health of practitioners. Methods The air quality monitoring data of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai from 2016 to 2024 were obtained from the “Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Program for Public Places” of the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Monitoring indicators included particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Indicator compliance rates were calculated across various years in accordance with GB 9666-1996 Hygienic standard for barber shop and beauty shop and GB 37488-2019 Hygiene indicators and limit for public places; specifically, PM_2.5 was assessed against the limits stipulated in GB/T 18883-2022 Standards for indoor air quality. A questionnaire survey was conducted among salon practitioners to collect weekly working days and daily working hours. The non-carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure to formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene as well as the carcinogenic risks posed by formaldehyde and benzene were evaluated following WS/T 777-2021 Technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency inhalation risk model. Results The overall compliance rates of PM₁₀, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, and toluene in the air of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai from 2016 to 2024 were 92.13%, 96.59%, 96.15%, 94.93%, and 94.97%, respectively; the overall compliance rate of xylene was a little lower (85.92%), and the overall compliance rate of PM_2.5 was 57.18%. The P₅₀ concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene did not exceed the corresponding limits. The P₅₀ of non-carcinogenic risk indicator (hazard quotient, HQ) for formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene were <1. The probabilities of non-carcinogenic risk HQ >1 for formaldehyde and xylene were 41.4% and 10.9%, respectively, which were higher than that of other pollutants. The P₅₀ of carcinogenic risk (CR) for formaldehyde and benzene were between 1.0×10⁻⁶ and 1.0×10⁻⁴, while the probabilities of CR >1.0×10⁻⁴ were 16.9% and 14.0%, respectively. Conclusion The overall compliance rate of common pollutant concentrations in the air of hair and beauty salons in Shanghai is high, and the hygienic condition meets the requirements of national standards. The non-carcinogenic health risks posed by formaldehyde and xylene to employees (with formaldehyde being more prominent), as well as the carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde and benzene, deserve heightened attention in future health supervision.

Objective To assess the prognostic significance of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods The relevant studies investigating the association between CONUT score and prognosis of NSCLC patients were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database and other databases from their inception to July 2023. Two independent researchers screened the references according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and conducted quality assessment. The quality of included references was evaluated using New Castle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software, and a combined hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association of CONUT score with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics in NSCLC patients. Results A total of 17 cohort studies, comprising 5182 NSCLC patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ, were included in this analysis. All studies had a NOS≥6 points. The meta-analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between CONUT score and overall survival (OS) as well as disease-free survival (DFS) among NSCLC patients: the higher the score, the shorter the OS [HR=1.87, 95%CI (1.58, 2.21), P<0.001] and DFS [HR=1.91, 95%CI (1.63, 2.24), P<0.001]. These differences were statistically significant. Furthermore, CONUT score was significantly associated with age, smoking status, tumor stage, and N stage (P<0.05). Conclusion A higher CONUT score is associated with a poorer OS and DFS in patients with NSCLC, and CONUT score can be used as a potential predictor of NSCLC prognosis.

Objective:To explore the safety key points of total pancreaticoduodenectomy in the era of vascular resection technology and the important factors affecting rapid postoperative recovery.Methods:The clinical data of 52 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent total pancreaticoduodenectomy in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from November 2014 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 18 females, aged (62±9). The intraoperative situation, incidence of postoperative complication, postoperative blood glucose control and postoperative survival rate were analyzed.Results:All operations of the 52 patients were successfully completed, including 48 patients underwent total pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with portal vein resection and allograft vascular grafts via artery approach. The portal vein occlusion time was (20±5) min. The incidence of postoperative complications was 28.8% (15/52), including 2 cases of abnormal gastric empty, 2 cases of diarrhea, 2 cases of chylous fistula, 4 cases of abdominal infection, 1 case of gastrointestinal fistula, 3 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, and 1 case of pulmonary infection. Subcutaneous short-acting insulin injection was used to control blood glucose in the early stage after surgery, short-acting insulin combined with long-acting insulin was used for subcutaneous injection before sleep for diet recovery. All patients did not experience uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The median survival time of 52 patients was 13 months, and the longest follow-up time was 38 months. There were 37 patients died of tumor recurrence, 4 patients died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, and 1 patient died of pulmonary infection in the 42 died patients.Conclusions:Total pancreaticoduodenectomy via artery approach can improve the R 0 resection rate in pancreatic cancer patients with vascular invasion, the rate of postoperative complication and mortality has no significant increase. The postoperative blood sugar control is satisfactory and the quality of life is guaranteed.

In cardiac ablation procedures,the accuracy of catheter positioning determines the authenticity of the cardiac model and the accuracy of the ablation target.This article reviews the literature on catheter positioning in electrophysiology and summarizes the key technologies for catheter positioning,such as magnetic-electric fusion and interference suppression.Addressing the limitations of electric and magnetic positioning individually,the paper elaborates on the rationale for catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.It also outlines the framework of a complex catheter positioning system.Specifically,the magnetoelectric conversion matrix is established first,followed by the optimization of the catheter shape.The interference factors such as magnetic field interference,body movement,respiration,and heartbeat in catheter positioning and their suppression methods are analyzed and discussed in detail.Finally,the development trend of three-dimensional electrophysiology catheter positioning technology is prospected,offering feasible insights for the research on catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.

Objective Evaluate the performance of the encephalon state index(ESI)in depth of anesthesia monitoring during clinical surgery,compared with the bispectral index(BIS).Methods ESI and BIS data were collected from 60 patients in a single-center clinical trial to compare their efficacy in measuring the depth of anesthesia.Results Consistency analysis revealed mean differences and standard deviations of-0.18±5.42 and-0.11±6.51 between ESI and BIS for awake and anesthetized states,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.92 throughout the operative period.Prediction probability analysis indicated that both ESI and BIS had prediction probabilities of 0.97,effectively predicting anesthesia status.Conclusion ESI and BIS show good equivalence in monitoring depth of anesthesia during clinical surgery,which meet the requirements of clinical anesthesia.

The immune system is the important guarantee for maintaining the health of organ function and preventing diseases.The goal of immune health management and immune treatment is to restore the normal function of the immune system.The technical problems of how to inhibit or enhance the immune status has been solved in the field of immunology,but how to comprehensively detect and quantitatively evaluate the immune status is still a challenge.There is no mature solution at present.The quantification detection and visualization evaluation of immune status are of great significance for disease prevention and control,sub-health status management,and immune treatment.This expert consensus has carried out preliminary discussions on the definition of normal immune status and the comprehensive quantitative evaluation and visual scoring techniques of immune cell function status(immune function),put forward the basic concepts and thinking related to normal immune status,discussed the direction and principles of quantitative detection and evaluation of immune cell function status,and taken this as an opportunity to promote the decoding of immunity and the study of basic and clinical trials in the field of immune health.

OBJECTIVE: Reduce the number of false alarms and measurement time caused by movement interference by the sync waveform of the movement. METHODS: Vital signal monitoring system based on motion sensor was developed, which collected and processed the vital signals continuously, optimized the features and results of vital signals and transmitted the vital signal results and alarms to the interface. RESULTS: The system was tested in many departments, such as digestive department, cardiology department, internal medicine department, hepatobiliary surgery department and emergency department, and the total collection time was 1 940 h. The number of false electrocardiograph (ECG) alarms decreased by 82.8%, and the proportion of correct alarms increased by 28%. The average measurement time of non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) decreased by 16.1 s. The total number of false respiratory rate measurement decreased by 71.9%. CONCLUSIONS False alarms and measurement failures can be avoided by the vital signal monitoring system based on accelerometer to reduce the alarm fatigue in clinic.
Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Electrocardiography ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Accelerometry ; Clinical Alarms

Rejection and adverse reactions caused by long-term use of immunosuppressants severely affect the survival rate and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. Immune tolerance induction plays a key role in improving the survival rate and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. In recent years, tremendous progress has been achieved in adoptive re-transfusion of regulatory cells. In this article, research progress in regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and regulatory B cell (Breg) in animal experiment and clinical application was reviewed, and the main clinical problems of adoptive re-transfusion of regulatory cells, the application of chimeric antigen receptor Treg and the concept of cell therapy in immune evaluation were summarized, aiming to deepen the understanding of regulatory cell therapy, promote the application of regulatory cells in immune tolerance of organ transplantation, and improve clinical efficacy of organ transplantation and the quality of life of recipients.

Physiological parameter monitoring is essential to medical staff to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Monitoring in NICU includes basic vital signal monitoring and functional monitoring. Basic vital signal monitoring (including ECG, respiration, SpO2, blood pressure, temperature) is advanced and focus on study of usability, continuity and anti-interference. Functional monitoring (including respiratory function, circulatory function, cerebral function) still focus on study of monitoring precision and reliability. Meanwhile, video monitoring and artifact intelligence have presented well performance on improving monitoring precision and anti-interference. In this article, the main parameters and relevant measurement technology for monitoring critical neonates were described.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Respiration ; Technology ; Vital Signs

Objective:Pulse oximetry plethysmographic (POP) waveform to indicate the patient's perfusion status and the quality of resuscitation has been affirmed. The POP waveform is obtained by a non-invasive monitoring method, and its clinical feasibility during CPR is better than that of invasive monitoring technologies. This study aimed to analyze the three parameters derived from POP waveform: CPR quality index (CQI), perfusion index (PI), and chest compression fraction (CCF) in evaluating the CPR quality and ROSC possibility.Methods:A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 74 CPR patients who were divided into the ROSC group and non-ROSC group according to their resuscitation results. The clinical data were extracted from patient monitor, the distribution and changes of the three parameters during CPR were collected, and their value of evaluating resuscitation outcome were analyzed.Results:At the end stage of resuscitation, there were statistically significant differences in the three parameters between the two groups ( P<0.05). In addition, CQI was significantly more capable in evaluating the possibility of ROSC than PI and CCF ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CQI, PI and CCF derived from POP waveform can all be applied to evaluate CPR quality and ROSC possibility. CQI has higher prognosis value than PI and CCF.