Objective To investigate the value of peripheral blood soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R),CD4+lymphocyte percentage/CD8+lymphocyte percentage ratio(hereinafter referred to as CD4+/CD8+)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy in elderly patients with newly treated active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 102 elderly patients with newly treated active tu-berculosis admitted to the hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were enrolled in the study as the observation group,and 102 healthy people aged 60 and older who underwent physical examination in the hos-pital during the same period were enrolled as the control group.The levels of sIL-2R,TNF-α and CD4+/CD8+in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups,and the correlations between sIL-2R,TNF-α and CD4+/CD8+were analyzed.The observation group was treated with 2HRZE/4HR anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen.The levels of sIL-2R,TNF-α and CD4+/CD8+in peripheral blood of patients with different efficacy before treatment,1 month and 6 months after treatment in the observation group were compared.The correla-tion between sIL-2R,CD4+/CD8+,TNF-α levels and therapeutic effect was analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the efficacy of indicators in evaluating the efficacy of chemo-therapy in elderly patients.Results The levels of sIL-2R and TNF-α in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while CD4+/CD8+was lower than that in the control group,and the differ-ences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In the observation group,sIL-2R and TNF-α were negatively correlated with CD4+/CD8+(P＜0.05),sIL-2R was positively correlated with TNF-α(P＜0.05).After 1 month and 6 months of treatment,the levels of sIL-2R and TNF-α in patients with apparent efficacy were low-er than those in patients with efficacy,and the latter were lower than those in patients with no effect,while the CD4+/CD8+in patients with apparent efficacy was higher than that in patients with efficacy,and the latter was higher than that in patients with no efficacy,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of sIL-2R and TNF-α were negatively correlated with the efficacy(P＜0.05),and CD4+/CD8+was positively correlated with the efficacy(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of sIL-2R,CD4+/CD8+,and TNF-α used in combination to assess efficacy was significantly greater than the AUCs of the single indicators used in the assessment at each time point of treatment(P＜0.05),and the AUC of the combination of the indicators was greater after 6 months of treatment than after 1 month of treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of sIL-2R,CD4+/CD8+and TNF-α are closely related to the ef-ficacy of chemotherapy in elderly patients with newly treated active pulmonary tuberculosis,and the combina-tion of the above indicators has certain reference value in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients.

Objective To explore and validate the application value of a deep learning model based on the Huawei Cloud ModelArts platform in the diagnosis of atypical cervical cells in liquid-based cytology(LBC)and to evaluate its assistive effect for pathologists with different diagnostic experiences.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1 044 cervical cytology specimens from Dongguan People's Hospital in 2020.The artifical intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic system developed on the Huawei Cloud ModelArts platform was compared with junior,intermediate,and senior pathologists for diagnosis.Sensitivity,specificity,precision,recall,and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of the Al system and its assistive effect for pathologists with different levels of experience.The McNemar test was used to compare the differences between the Al system and manual diagnosis.P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results For the 1 044 cervical exfoliated cytology specimens,the sensitivity and specificity of the AI system in detecting atypical cells was 98.96％and 89.15％,both of which were higher than those of junior doctors(81.95％and 91.81％,respectively).The overall diagnostic accuracy of the Al system was 93.68％,which was significantly higher than that of junior doctors(87.26％,P＜0.001).Al assistance could significantly improve junior doctors'ability to detect atypical cells,with the sensitivity and specificity increasing from 80.1％to 96.5％and from 85.6％to 92.3％,respectively.Conclusion The AI-assisted cervical cytology diagnostic system developed in this study demonstrated superior performance,particularly in significantly improving the diagnostic level of junior pathologists,showing promising clinical application prospects.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of vascular interventional therapy in children with transplantation renal artery stenosis(TRAS).Methods:From January 2013 to September 2021, retrospective analysis was performed for clinical data of 238 TRAS children.Peak systolic velocity(PSV)of transplant renal artery, interlobular artery PSV, transplant renal artery PSV/ interlobular artery PSV(post PSV ratio)and serum creatinine level before and after vascular interventional therapy and at the last follow-up were compared.Results:Six pediatric kidney transplantation recipients were diagnosed as TRAS.The median operative age was 12(9-17)years, the median postoperative time to diagnosing TRAS 4(1.7-18.0)months and the median follow-up period 6.6(2.5-8.0)years.All of them received vascular interventional therapy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA, n=5)and stent angioplasty( n=1). The serum creatinine pre-treatment with vascular interventional therapy was significantly higher than baseline serum creatinine level at discharge(200.8±88.5)vs(75.2±27.9)μmol/L, P=0.025 and decreased to(103.8±44.7)μmol/L at Month 1 post-treatment( P=0.196)and(98.7±30.2)μmol/L at the last follow-up( P=0.115). Comparing with internal diameter of grafted renal artery anastomosis site(2.6±0.6 mm)pre-treatment with vascular interventional therapy, significant changes occurred at 24 h post-treatment(3.8±0.5 mm)and at the last follow-up(4.1±0.8 mm)(all P=0.027). In addition, PSV and post PSV ratio of transplanted renal artery at 24 h post-treatment(163±45.0 cm/s, 6.5±2.2)and at the last follow-up(184.7±80.8 cm/s, 5.4±2.0)were significantly lower than that before vascular interventional therapy(356.5±77.9 cm/s, 18.0±5.8)and interlobular artery PSV was significantly higher than that before vascular interventional therapy( P=0.024, P=0.032, respectively). During follow-ups, no restenosis or thrombosis occurred in transplanted renal arteries. Conclusions:PTA or stent angioplasty for TRAS children is technically feasible with low restenosis rate and relatively satisfactory mid/long-term outcomes.

Abnormal healing after skin injury may lead to pathological scar. The emergence of pathological scar not only affects the cosmetic appearance, but also causes psychological and physiological dysfunction in severe cases. The study on the mechanism of pathological scar is of great significance for the treatment of scar. Among them, animal scar model is one of the important method to study pathological scar at present. The ideal animal model of scar should be as close as possible to human pathological scar in histology, cytology and other aspects. This article systematically expounds the rodent model, rabbit ear model and porcine model of traditional scar animals, and the new technology animal scar model, combined with the recent research which has been widely used in the field of scar.

Abnormal healing after skin injury may lead to pathological scar. The emergence of pathological scar not only affects the cosmetic appearance, but also causes psychological and physiological dysfunction in severe cases. The study on the mechanism of pathological scar is of great significance for the treatment of scar. Among them, animal scar model is one of the important method to study pathological scar at present. The ideal animal model of scar should be as close as possible to human pathological scar in histology, cytology and other aspects. This article systematically expounds the rodent model, rabbit ear model and porcine model of traditional scar animals, and the new technology animal scar model, combined with the recent research which has been widely used in the field of scar.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of single kidney transplantation for children from pediatric donors between body weight ≤15 kg and >15 kg.Methods:A retrospective review in 156 children with single donor kidney transplantation from August 2010 to December 2019 in the Kidney Transplantation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was conducted. The patients were classified into the small kidney group (pediatric donor body weight ≤15 kg) and the big kidney group (pediatric donor body weight >15 kg). In this study, 89 cases were concluded in the small kidney group and 67 cases were concluded in the big kidney group. The donor kidneys were obtained from 46 cases of small weight (≤15 kg) pediatric donors and 48 cases of large weight (>15 kg) pediatric donors. There were significant differences in age [1.00 (0.02 - 4.00) years vs. 10.00 (3.00-18.00) years], body weight [10.0 (3.4 - 15.0) kg vs. 35.0 (16.2- 35.0) kg], height [76 (50- 113) cm vs. 144 (67-172) cm], GFR [(31.50±7.46)ml/min vs. (36.79±7.00) ml/min], and renal length to diameter [(5.91±0.48) cm vs. (8.71±1.88) cm] between the small kidney group and the big kidney group ( P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups of donors in gender, cold/warm ischemia time and cause of death ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in age [(11.28±3.89) years vs. (13.86±3.56) years], body weight [(31.83±10.45)kg vs. (35.13±9.15) kg], and height [(130.02±28.56) cm vs. (143.97±16.59) cm] between recipients of the small kidney group and big kidney group ( P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in preoperative serum creatinine level [(822.65 ± 135.04) μmol/L vs. (777.31 ± 165.40) μmol/L], HLA mismatch [(3.4 ± 1.4) site vs. (3.2±1.3) site], and primary disease between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The recovery of renal function, postoperative adverse events, postoperative children, and graft survival were compared between the two groups. Results:The renal function of the two groups of recipients returned to normal 3 months after operation. The perioperative complications in the small kidney group and the big kidney group mainly included renal delayed recovery [5.6% (5/89) vs. 7.5% (5/67), P=0.89], renal vascular embolization [3.4% (3/89) vs. 0, P=0.35], and acute rejection [2.2% (2/89) vs. 4.3% (3/67) , P=0.75]. The main cause of recipient death during the follow-up period was pulmonary infection [4.5% (4/89) vs. 6.0% (4/67) , P=0.68]. The postoperative small kidney group was followed up for an average of 30 (3-74) months. The survival rates of children in the small kidney group at the 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery were 96.6% (86/89), 91.0% (81/89) and 91.0%(81/89), while the transplanted renal survival rates were 92.1% (82/89), 86.5% (77/89) and 84.2% (75/89), respectively. The postoperative big kidney group was followed up for an average of 32 (4-89 ) months. The survival rates of children in the big kidney group were 95.5% (64/67), 94.0% (63/67) and 91.0%(61/67) in the first 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively, while the graft survival rates were 92.5% (62/67), 83.6% (56/67) and 83.6% (56/67), respectively. The postoperative kidneys of two groups were fast-growing, and there was no significant difference between the small kidney group and the big kidney group in graft length to diameter [(9.63±0.31) cm vs. (9.75±0.71) cm] after 1 year ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The effect of single pediatric kidney transplantation for pediatric donor with body weight ≤15 kg is equivalent to that for pediatric donor with body weight >15 kg , which can be carried out clinically.

Objective:To evaluate the time-zero biopsy of donor kidney with acute kidney injury(AKI)in organ donation donors and examine the clinical effect after transplantation.Methods:From May 2019 to May 2020, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 104 donors assessed by time-zero biopsy at First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University.According to the definition of AKI and Banff2016 criteria, the kidneys of 104 donors were grouped and evaluated for transplantation.And the post-transplantation effects of donor kidneys with different degrees of pathological changes were analyzed.Results:AKI occurred in 32/104 donors.Compared with non-AKI donors, statistically significant differences existed in degrees of renal interstitial fibrosis and acute renal tubular injury ( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other pathological manifestations ( P>0.05). In AKI group, kidneys of 2 donors with Banff score>3 were abandoned; in non-AKI group, among 12 donors with Banff score>3, 1 donor kidney was abandoned due to a high degree of chronic diseases.No significant inter-group difference existed in creatinine value or estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)( P>0.05). AKI group had a higher incidence of postoperative delayed graft function(DGF)and longer duration.There was no statistical significance in other complications ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AKI donor kidneys with pathological manifestations below moderate renal tubular injury and Banff score<3 are feasible for transplantation.Although renal function recovery is slow after transplantation, safe outcomes may be obtained.

Objective:The differentially expressed genes were screened from microarray data in the patients with non-syndromic craniosynostosis, and a protein interaction network was established to screen and predict hub genes related to the disease.Methods:The data set of GSE50796 were downloaded from the GEO database, which included seven samples of the closed cranial suture tissues from the non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients, and seven samples of the unclosed cranial suture tissues from the non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients. Analyze the differentially expressed genes were collected and analyzed with GEO2R, a GEO database online tool. P<0.05 and |logFC|> 2 were set as filter criteria. The ggplot2 of R package was applied for GO enrichment analysis, and the KEGG pathway analysis was completed with Enrichr. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed via GSEA 3.0 to analyze the correlation between gene sets and phenotypes. Secondly, the STRING database was used to analyze the interaction relationships between differentially expressed proteins in different tissues, and then Cytoscape and related plug-ins were used to establish the differentially expressed protein interaction network and screen the hub genes. Meanwhile, the key modules, important biological processes, and multiple co-expression relationships were analyzed. Results:A total of 255 differentially expressed genes based on the above screening conditions were obtained. The regulation of neural development screened by GO enrichment analysis, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway screened by KEGG enrichment analysis, the important biological pathways (DNA replication, cell cycle, cytokine and receptor interaction) screened by GSEA enrichment analysis, and the positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation screened by ClueGO analysis, might be closely related to the etiology of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. The up-regulated hub genes such as CLEC12A, MS4A3 and DNTT in the group with closed sutures were screened by protein-protein interaction network and literature analysis, which might play a vital role in the pathogenic processes of non-syndromic craniosynostosis.Conclusions:With the multi-dimensional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes and the establishment of protein interaction networks, we have deepened our understanding of differentially expressed genes, important biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. The selected hub genes may become early diagnostic markers and potential molecular therapeutic targets.

Objective:The differentially expressed genes were screened from microarray data in the patients with non-syndromic craniosynostosis, and a protein interaction network was established to screen and predict hub genes related to the disease.Methods:The data set of GSE50796 were downloaded from the GEO database, which included seven samples of the closed cranial suture tissues from the non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients, and seven samples of the unclosed cranial suture tissues from the non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients. Analyze the differentially expressed genes were collected and analyzed with GEO2R, a GEO database online tool. P<0.05 and |logFC|> 2 were set as filter criteria. The ggplot2 of R package was applied for GO enrichment analysis, and the KEGG pathway analysis was completed with Enrichr. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed via GSEA 3.0 to analyze the correlation between gene sets and phenotypes. Secondly, the STRING database was used to analyze the interaction relationships between differentially expressed proteins in different tissues, and then Cytoscape and related plug-ins were used to establish the differentially expressed protein interaction network and screen the hub genes. Meanwhile, the key modules, important biological processes, and multiple co-expression relationships were analyzed. Results:A total of 255 differentially expressed genes based on the above screening conditions were obtained. The regulation of neural development screened by GO enrichment analysis, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway screened by KEGG enrichment analysis, the important biological pathways (DNA replication, cell cycle, cytokine and receptor interaction) screened by GSEA enrichment analysis, and the positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation screened by ClueGO analysis, might be closely related to the etiology of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. The up-regulated hub genes such as CLEC12A, MS4A3 and DNTT in the group with closed sutures were screened by protein-protein interaction network and literature analysis, which might play a vital role in the pathogenic processes of non-syndromic craniosynostosis.Conclusions:With the multi-dimensional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes and the establishment of protein interaction networks, we have deepened our understanding of differentially expressed genes, important biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. The selected hub genes may become early diagnostic markers and potential molecular therapeutic targets.

Objective: To identify the pivotal differentially expressed genes in cervical cancer based on data mining from GEO database. Methods: The cervical cancer-related gene expression data (GSE9750 and GSE63514) was downloaded from GEO database and the differentially expressed genes were screened and identified by GEO2R tool. GO and KEGG enrichment pathways were analyzed by using DAVID online tool. The results were verified using the data from GSE7803, GSE39001 and TCGA. Results: A total of 176 differentially expressed cervical cancer-related genes were screened, including 41 up-regulated genes and 135 down-regulated genes. Among them, INHBA was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and negatively correlated with overall survival ( HR =2.5, P ＜ 0.01 ) and disease-free survival ( HR =2.7, P ＜0.01). Conclusion We obtained multiple genes related to the pathogenesis of cervical cancer by data mining of the gene chip in GEO database. INHBA could be used as a new potential molecular marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.