Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social communication and interaction disorders，as well as repetitive stereotyped behaviors，with unclear etiology.At present，domestic and foreign studies have shown that gut microbiota imbalance is commonly present in ASD，and reshaping the gut microbiota has become a hot topic in the treatment of ASD.The relevant intervention methods mainly include probiotics，prebiotics，and microbiota transplantation.However，its beneficial effects on ASD are still limited and uncertain，and more large-scale and in-depth research is still needed in the future to explore the optimal treatment options.This article reviews the changes in gut microbiota in children with ASD and the research progress on gut microbiota intervention，aiming to provide new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment intervention of ASD.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and intervention time of sequential laser treatments for early stage of facial post-traumatic scars which were managed by plastic surgeons.Methods:212 patients in our department with facial post-traumatic scar which were managed by plastic surgeons within 2-12 weeks received 3-session of sequential 595 nm and CO 2 ablative fractional lasertreatments at 8 weeks intervals. They were divided into four groups in this retrospective study. Traumatic scars were first treated by 595 nm pulsed dye laser at 2 weeks (group A), 4 weeks (group B), 8 weeks (group C), 12 weeks (group D) post-operation respectively. Until the vascularity scores of Vancouver scar scale (VSS) fell below 2 points, then scars were treated with CO 2 ablative fractional laser. During the study, all cases were treated with standard silicone gel. Photographs taken before and after each treatment session were independently evaluated and scored by two uninvolved doctors with Vancouver scar rating scale (VSS). Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of the difference before and after each session treatment. Patients, self-satisfactory (on 0-100%) and adverse effects were recorded and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results:All 4 groups of patients completed 3-session laser treatments. The VSS score of A/B/C/D group was 3.0 (3.00-5.00) /4.0(3.00-4.00) /6.0 (5.00-6.00) /6.5 (6.00-7.75) at baseline, and significantly decreased to 2(2.00-3.00)/2(2.00-3.00)/4(3.00-4.00)/4(4.00-4.75) at 2 months after 3-session treatment ( P<0.001) respectively. Compared VSS score intergroup, there was no statistically difference between group A and B before ( P>0.05) or after ( P>0.05) treatment. In contrast, compared with group C or D, VSS score of group A or B was significantly lower at baseline ( P<0.001) and final follow-up ( P<0.001). And the excellent rate of patients, self-satisfaction were significantly different for group A(80.77%) vs. group C(56.41%) or D(47.50%), and group B(75.61%) vs. group C or D( P<0.05). No significant adverse effects were reported except for 3 patients with mild transient vesicles, and amonge the 3 cases, hyperpigmentation was observed in 2 cases which was faded within 6 months. Conclusions:A combination of 595 nm pulsed dye laser and CO 2 ablative fractional laser for facial traumatic scars starting from 2 weeks to 1 month post-operation could reach better clinical outcome by attenuating scar formation effectively and with higher patients, self-satisfaction than that from 2-3 months post-operation.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and intervention time of sequential laser treatments for early stage of facial post-traumatic scars which were managed by plastic surgeons.Methods:212 patients in our department with facial post-traumatic scar which were managed by plastic surgeons within 2-12 weeks received 3-session of sequential 595 nm and CO 2 ablative fractional lasertreatments at 8 weeks intervals. They were divided into four groups in this retrospective study. Traumatic scars were first treated by 595 nm pulsed dye laser at 2 weeks (group A), 4 weeks (group B), 8 weeks (group C), 12 weeks (group D) post-operation respectively. Until the vascularity scores of Vancouver scar scale (VSS) fell below 2 points, then scars were treated with CO 2 ablative fractional laser. During the study, all cases were treated with standard silicone gel. Photographs taken before and after each treatment session were independently evaluated and scored by two uninvolved doctors with Vancouver scar rating scale (VSS). Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of the difference before and after each session treatment. Patients, self-satisfactory (on 0-100%) and adverse effects were recorded and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results:All 4 groups of patients completed 3-session laser treatments. The VSS score of A/B/C/D group was 3.0 (3.00-5.00) /4.0(3.00-4.00) /6.0 (5.00-6.00) /6.5 (6.00-7.75) at baseline, and significantly decreased to 2(2.00-3.00)/2(2.00-3.00)/4(3.00-4.00)/4(4.00-4.75) at 2 months after 3-session treatment ( P<0.001) respectively. Compared VSS score intergroup, there was no statistically difference between group A and B before ( P>0.05) or after ( P>0.05) treatment. In contrast, compared with group C or D, VSS score of group A or B was significantly lower at baseline ( P<0.001) and final follow-up ( P<0.001). And the excellent rate of patients, self-satisfaction were significantly different for group A(80.77%) vs. group C(56.41%) or D(47.50%), and group B(75.61%) vs. group C or D( P<0.05). No significant adverse effects were reported except for 3 patients with mild transient vesicles, and amonge the 3 cases, hyperpigmentation was observed in 2 cases which was faded within 6 months. Conclusions:A combination of 595 nm pulsed dye laser and CO 2 ablative fractional laser for facial traumatic scars starting from 2 weeks to 1 month post-operation could reach better clinical outcome by attenuating scar formation effectively and with higher patients, self-satisfaction than that from 2-3 months post-operation.

Objective To explore the clinical results of repairing frontal lesions with the combination of the expanded scalp flaps and postoperative laser hair removal.Methods There were 10 patients involved between May 2014 through May 2016 in our department.In the first stage,the expanders were implanted to the pockets under the scalp.In the second stage,the wounds,after lesion removal,were covered by the expanded scalp flaps.In the third stage,laser hair removal was performed 2 weeks postoperatively for 4 to 6 times until complete removing the hair.Results All the lesions were repaired with good results.The incisions healed primarily.The scalp flaps survived without nec rosis.The hair on the flap was removed completely.The color and texture of the flap were similar to these of the adjacent skin.The satisfactory results of the appearance were achieved in all the patients.Conclusions The combination of the expanded scalp flap and laser hair removal is an effective method for the repairing of the frontal lesion.

Objective To determine whether 3'UTR polymorphisms of the NRAMP1 gene are as-sociated with tuberculosis in Uighurs. Methods 3'UTR polymorphisms of NRAMP1 gene were typed by PCR-RFLP among 224 patients with active tuberculosis and 225 healthy individuals. The relationship be-tween 3'UTR polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis was studied, and cases were grouped accord-ing to genotypes. Results In the tuberculosis patients, genotype TGTG/TGTG,TGTG/TGTG deleted, and TGTG deleted/TGTG deleted were observed in 159,56 and 9 cases respectively, while the genotypes of the healthy controls were TGTG/TGTG in 185, TGTG/TGTG deleted in 36 and TGTG deleted/TGTG deleted in 4 case. The frequency of the genotype TGTG/TGTG was found more often among controls than that in pa-tients (X2=7.94 ,P <0.01). The frequency of allele TGTG and the frequency of variant allele were 0.87 and 0.13 respectively. Conclusion 3'UTR polymorphisms of NRAMP1 gene are associated with suscepti-bility to tuberculosis in Uighurs.