Objective To establish a method for determination of pyriclobenzuron (PBU) residues in rice and paddy environments, and to determine the residual amounts and observe the degradation dynamics of PBU. Methods In July 2022, the paddies of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were selected as experimental fields, and were divided into the blank control group (no pesticide application), the 1-fold-concentration pesticide group (1 kg/667 m²), and the 5-fold-concentration pesticide group (5 kg/667 m²), with a 100 m² area in each group. At the early tillering stage of rice, 20% suspension of PBU sulfate was sprayed once in the 1-fold-concentration and 5-fold-concentration pesticide groups, and rice plants, paddy water and soil samples were collected 2 h, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 d and 63 d following spraying PBU, while rice straw, field soil, brown rice and rice husk samples were collected 98 d following spraying. PBU was extracted and purified in samples using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) pretreatment technique, and the PBU contents were determined in samples using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The solvent standard working solution and matrix standard working solution were prepared. A linear regression equation was fitted between PBU concentration (x-axis) and peak area (y-axis), and the ratio of the slope (k) of the matrix standard curve to the slope (K) of the solvent standard curve was calculated to evaluate the matrix effect of PBU in samples. According to the Guidelines for Pesticide Residue Testing in Crops (NY/T 788—2018), the addition levels of PBU were set at 0.005, 0.050, 5.000, 1 000.000 mg/kg in rice plants, 0.005, 0.050, 2.000, 10.000 mg/kg in paddy water, 0.005, 0.050, 2.000 mg/kg in soil, and 0.005, 0.050, 5.000 mg/kg in brown rice and rice husks. The recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of PBU addition were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of UPLC-MS/MS for determination of PBU contents. The first-order kinetic equation of PBU concentration was fitted in samples at different sampling time points to analyze the trends in PBU degradation in rice plants, paddy water, and soil, and the half-life of PBU was calculated in different samples. Results There was a good linear relationship between the mass concentration and peak area of PBU at concentrations of 0.000 1 to 0.020 0 mg/kg under solvent and matrix conditions (R² = 0.985 8 to 0.999 7, t = -0.47 to 1.62, all P values < 0.01). The matrix effects of PBU were 70.26%, 65.42% and 65.12% in rice plants, brown rice and rice husks, indicating a matrix-inhibitory effect, and the matrix effect was 87.06% in soils, indicating a weak matrix effect. The recovery of PBU addition was 77.61% to 100.12% in different samples, with RSD of 1.43% to 6.74%, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.005 mg/kg, and the addition recovery and RSD met the requirements of the Guidelines for Pesticide Residue Testing in Crops (NY/T 788—2018), validating the effectiveness of UPLC-MS/MS assay. Following spraying PBU at a dose of 1 kg/667 m², the half-life of PBU was 6.24 d in rice plants and 3.43 d in paddy water samples, respectively. The final residues of PBU were lower than the LOQ of 0.005 mg/kg in brown rice and rice husk samples 98 d following spraying PBU. Following spraying PBU at a dose of 5 kg/667 m², the half-life of PBU was 15.75 d in rice plants and 7.62 d in paddy water samples, respectively. The final residue of PBU was lower than the LOQ of 0.005 mg/kg in brown rice 98 d following spraying PBU, and the final residue of PBU was 0.049 mg/kg in rice husks. Conclusions A simple, and highly accurate and precise UPLC-MS/MS assay has been developed for determination of PBU residues in rice plants and paddy environments through extraction and purification of PBU from matrix samples using QuEChERS pretreatment. After spraying PBU in paddies, the concentration of PBU gradually decreases in rice plants and paddy water over time, and the final residual concentration is low.

Objective:To comprehensively and systematically collect and review domestic and international studies on the practices of continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), including the topics, research methods, and evaluation techniques used in these studies, and to provide clinical nursing staff with a reference.Methods:Nine Chinese and English databases were systematically searched, including CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The search covered all literature up to April 10, 2023. The practices of CBI were extracted and systematically analyzed, and the results were reported in a standardized manner using a scoping review methodology.Results:A total of 23 eligible studies were included, comprising two English articles and 21 Chinese articles. The types of studies included 12 randomized controlled trials and 11 quasi-experimental studies. The interventions were categorized into single and comprehensive measures, including methods such as adjusting the temperature and flow rate of bladder irrigation, selection of indwelling catheters, traditional Chinese medicine-based nursing, perioperative psychological care, and rapid recovery protocols. The evaluation metrics used in the studies were classified into three levels: symptom indicators, process indicators, and management indicators.Conclusions:Research on CBI following TURP has achieved a certain scale, with a variety of intervention methods currently available. However, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence. Future studies should focus on enhancing research design, developing standardized quality assessment tools for bladder irrigation, and improving innovative irrigation devices to enhance clinical nursing quality.

A 13-year and 6-month-old girl attended the Hunan Children's Hospital due to delayed menarche. The laboratory test results indicated increased follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, decreased anti-Mullerian hormone, and pelvic ultrasound showed a cord-like uterus and absence of bilateral ovaries. Her 11-year and 5-month-old younger sister had the same laboratory and imaging findings, and both girls were diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband and her sister carried heterozygous variants of HROB gene c.718C>T (p.Arg240*) and c.1351C>T (p.Arg451*), which were inherited from their parents respectively and consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Oral estradiol valerate at an initial dose of 0.125 mg/d was given to the proband, and the secondary sexual characteristics began to develop after 6 months.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Infant ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics* ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Estradiol

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignant tumor. CircRNAs play crucial roles in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the biological functions of circRNAs in EC remain largely unknown. Methods: CircSMAD2, miR-1277-5p, MFGE8 and relative maker protein expression in EC tissues or cell lines were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In vitro and in vivo functional assays, including EDU, CCK8, colony formation, transwell, tube formation and tumor xenograft assays, were conduct to explore the effects of circSMAD2 on EC. Mechanism assays were conducted to confirm the binding between miR-1277-5p and circSMAD2 or MFGE8 expression. Results: Upregulation of circSMAD2 was uncovered in both EC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, silencing of circSMAD2 apparently inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of EC cell lines in vitro. Mechanistically, circSMAD2 sponged miR-1277-5p to upregulate MFGE8 expression. The decrease of miR-1277-5p and increase of MFGE8 were observed both in EC tissues and cell lines. Then MFGE8 knockdown or miR-1277-5p upregulation suppressed EC cell oncogenic biological behavior. Rescue experiments showed that miR-1277-5p mimics countervailed the anticancer effects of circSMAD2 silencing on EC. Besides that, MFGE8 overexpression also attenuated the inhibitory action of miR-1277-5p mimic in EC. Moreover, knockdown of circSMAD2 inhibited EC growth in vivo. Conclusion CircSMAD2 functions as an oncogene in promoting the progression of EC through miR-1277-5p/MFGE8 axis.

Recently, monkeypox has become a global concern amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Monkeypox is an acute rash zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously concentrated in Africa. The re-emergence of this pathogen seems unusual on account of outbreaks in multiple nonendemic countries and the incline to spread from person to person. We need to revisit this virus to prevent the epidemic from getting worse. In this review, we comprehensively summarize studies on monkeypox, including its epidemiology, biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, highlighting its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission. We also analyze the present situation and put forward countermeasures from both clinical and scientific research to address it.
COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Monkeypox/epidemiology* ; Monkeypox virus ; Pandemics/prevention & control*

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.

Metabolomics, which mainly studies the metabolite components of organisms, tissues, cells and their dynamic changes, is an emerging omics technology following genomics and proteomics. Metabolites are the final products of cellular regulation, and the concentration of metabolites is considered to be the ultimate response of a biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Secondary metabolites with chemical diversity are widely present in living organisms, thus accurate quantification of secondary metabolites through appropriate analytical platforms is an important task of metabolomics. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most commonly used method for the detection of metabolites, providing a basis for the wide application of plant secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the advances of using LC-MS/MS techniques for the detection of phytohormone, folic acid, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites.
Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Plants ; Proteomics

Early distinction of bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) is difficult since no tools are available to estimate the risk of BD. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a model of oxidative stress injury for predicting BD. Data were collected from 1252 BD and 1359 MDD patients, including 64 MDD patients identified as converting to BD from 2009 through 2018. 30 variables from a randomly-selected subsample of 1827 (70%) patients were used to develop the model, including age, sex, oxidative stress markers (uric acid, bilirubin, albumin, and prealbumin), sex hormones, cytokines, thyroid and liver function, and glycolipid metabolism. Univariate analyses and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator were applied for data dimension reduction and variable selection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a model for predicting bipolar disorder by oxidative stress biomarkers (BIOS) on a nomogram. Internal validation was assessed in the remaining 784 patients (30%), and independent external validation was done with data from 3797 matched patients from five other hospitals in China. 10 predictors, mainly oxidative stress markers, were shown on the nomogram. The BIOS model showed good discrimination in the training sample, with an AUC of 75.1% (95% CI: 72.9%-77.3%), sensitivity of 0.66, and specificity of 0.73. The discrimination was good both in internal validation (AUC 72.1%, 68.6%-75.6%) and external validation (AUC 65.7%, 63.9%-67.5%). In this study, we developed a nomogram centered on oxidative stress injury, which could help in the individualized prediction of BD. For better real-world practice, a set of measurements, especially on oxidative stress markers, should be emphasized using big data in psychiatry.
Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Bipolar Disorder/metabolism* ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress

【Objective】 To investigate the risk factors of vasovagal reactions(VVR) related to plasma donation, so as to put forward clinical suggestions for early identification and accurate intervention of high-risk groups to ensure the safety of plasma donation. 【Methods】 The demographic characteristics(i.e. gender, age, weight) and records of plasma donors(donation history, pulse before plasma donation, duration of collection, etc.) were collected from July to December 2019 in a region of Sichuan. Based on logistic regression analysis, the correlation between these factors and the risk of VVR was explored. 【Results】 The information of 69 172 donors was collected, and the incidence of VVR was 7.04‰. The risk of VVR was reduced by 99% in the group with plasma collection duration less than 30 minutes compared with the group with plasma collection duration more than 50 minutes(OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00~0.01; P<0.001). The risk of male group was 94 % lower than that of female group(OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.04~0.10; P<0.001). Compared with the 45~50 kg group, the risk of weight greater than 80 kg group decreased by 80%(OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09~0.42; P<0.001). The risk of repeated donation group was 34 % lower than that of the first time donation group(OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47~0.91; P<0.001). The risk of VVR in the group with pulse greater than 90 bpm before plasma donation was 2.43 times that in the 60~69 bmp group(OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.75~3.36; P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 Duration of plasma collection, gender, weight, frequency of plasma donation, pulse before plasma donation and donor status are independent risk factors for plasma donation-related VVR. Among them, plasma collection duration, gender and weight were the main independent risk factors for plasma donation-related VVR. For donors with plasma collection duration more than 50 minutes, female and low weight, higher risk of VVR was presented and more preventive intervention should be given.

Objective To characterize a species of the genus Tricula and parasitized trematodes in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province using a molecular analysis, so as to understand their taxonomic positions. Methods Tricula spp. and Oncomelania snails were collected from Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province, and cercaria parasitizing snails were observed using crushing followed by microscopy. Cercaria parasitizing Tricula snails at various morphologies were sampled using a shedding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from snail soft tissues and cercariae, and the 16S rRNA, COI, 28S rDNA genes in snails and the ND1 and 28S rDNA genes in cercariae were amplified using a PCR assay and sequenced. The species of Tricula snails and their parasitized trematodes was characterized using sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results Among 382 Tricula snails detected, there were three types of trematode cercariae found, including the non-forked (20.94%, 80/382), double-forked (3.40%, 13/382) and swallow shapes (7.07%, 27/382). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the 16S rRNA, COI and 28S rDNA gene sequences of this species of Tricula had high homology to those in Delavaya dianchiensis, and were clustered in a branch. Sequencing analysis of the ND1 and 28S rDNA genes revealed that the non-forked cercariae belonged to the family Pleu- rogenidae, the swallow-shaped cercariae belonged to the family Opecoelidae, and the double-forked cercariae belonged to another species of the genus Schistosoma that was different from S. sinensium and S. ovuncatum. Conclusion The species and taxonomy of Triculla spp. and their parasitized trematodes are preliminarily determined in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province; however, further studies are required to investigate the more definite taxonomy and pathogenicity.