Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. It is more common in neurofibromatosis type Ⅰ. However, isolated vagal nerve neurofibroma（VNN） of the neck is extremely rare, and only a few case reports have been reported. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not clear. The diagnosis is mainly based on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry, and surgical resection is the main treatment. This study reports a rare case of giant solitary vagus neurofibroma in the neck. The patient was a 29-year-old female who was found to have a mass on the right side of the neck by physical examination, which was considered to be a vagus nerve tumor by neck ultrasound and imaging examination. The tumor was completely removed during the operation, with the size of about 10.0 cm×2.5 cm, and the patient had no special discomfort. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed neurofibroma. After surgery, the patient had right vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness, choking and paroxysmal cough. After swallowing function training and voice rehabilitation treatment in the department, the patient recovered satisfactorily. There was no complication and recurrence during the follow-up of 1 year. This article reviews the literature to improve the diagnosis and treatment of solitary vagus neurofibroma in the neck by combining its medical history, imaging features, pathology and immunohistochemistry, and surgical treatment.
Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Neurofibroma ; Vagus Nerve/pathology* ; Neck ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms

Objective:To analyze the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.Methods:70 patients with TNBC admitted to the Yan ′an People′s Hospital from April 2021 to September 2023 were selected. Before treatment, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Hippo signaling pathway-related indicators (Yap, ta Z, mst 1) in peripheral blood, and the patients were treated with the TP regimen for 21 days. After the treatment, puncture biopsy was performed on the tumor tissues of the patients. They were divided into the transformation group and the non-transformation group based on whether EMT occurred. The influencing factors of EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients were analyzed, and the value of the Hippo signaling pathway in predicting EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients was analyzed.Results:After treatment, 18 cases (25.71%) of 70 patients with TNBC developed EMT. The proportion of tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage Ⅳ in the transformation group was (13/18), the level of Yap mRNA was (4.82±0.63), the level of taZ mRNA was (2.93±0.41), and the mst 1 mRNA level (3.09±0.51) and the long diameter of the tumor [(5.95±0.77)cm] were both higher than those in the non-transformation group [44.23%(23/52), (3.84±0.59), (2.34±0.39), (2.45±0.47), (4.14±0.63)cm] (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed TNM stage Ⅳ [ OR=4.768, 95% CI(1.630, 13.951)], Yap mRNA [ OR=5.675, 95% CI(1.940, 16.602)], and taZ mRNA [ OR=5.124 95% CI(1.751, 14.992)], mst 1 mRNA [ OR=5.557, 95% CI(1.899, 16.257)], tumor long diameter [ OR=3.850, 95% CI(1.316, 11.263)] was an influencing factor for the occurrence of EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients (all P<0.05). After analysis by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the combined sensitivity of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter in predicting EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients was 66.67%, 72.22%, 77.78%, 72.22%, 77.78%, and 88.89%, respectively. The specificities were 69.23%, 71.15%, 76.92%, 73.08%, 75.00% and 92.31% respectively. The combined prediction of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter in tumor cells of TNBC patients had a relatively high value (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined detection of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter can better predict the occurrence of EMT in tumor cells of patients with TNBC.

Objective:To analyze the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.Methods:70 patients with TNBC admitted to the Yan ′an People′s Hospital from April 2021 to September 2023 were selected. Before treatment, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Hippo signaling pathway-related indicators (Yap, ta Z, mst 1) in peripheral blood, and the patients were treated with the TP regimen for 21 days. After the treatment, puncture biopsy was performed on the tumor tissues of the patients. They were divided into the transformation group and the non-transformation group based on whether EMT occurred. The influencing factors of EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients were analyzed, and the value of the Hippo signaling pathway in predicting EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients was analyzed.Results:After treatment, 18 cases (25.71%) of 70 patients with TNBC developed EMT. The proportion of tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage Ⅳ in the transformation group was (13/18), the level of Yap mRNA was (4.82±0.63), the level of taZ mRNA was (2.93±0.41), and the mst 1 mRNA level (3.09±0.51) and the long diameter of the tumor [(5.95±0.77)cm] were both higher than those in the non-transformation group [44.23%(23/52), (3.84±0.59), (2.34±0.39), (2.45±0.47), (4.14±0.63)cm] (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed TNM stage Ⅳ [ OR=4.768, 95% CI(1.630, 13.951)], Yap mRNA [ OR=5.675, 95% CI(1.940, 16.602)], and taZ mRNA [ OR=5.124 95% CI(1.751, 14.992)], mst 1 mRNA [ OR=5.557, 95% CI(1.899, 16.257)], tumor long diameter [ OR=3.850, 95% CI(1.316, 11.263)] was an influencing factor for the occurrence of EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients (all P<0.05). After analysis by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the combined sensitivity of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter in predicting EMT in tumor cells of TNBC patients was 66.67%, 72.22%, 77.78%, 72.22%, 77.78%, and 88.89%, respectively. The specificities were 69.23%, 71.15%, 76.92%, 73.08%, 75.00% and 92.31% respectively. The combined prediction of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter in tumor cells of TNBC patients had a relatively high value (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined detection of TNM stage Ⅳ, Yap mRNA, taZ mRNA, mst 1 mRNA, and tumor long diameter can better predict the occurrence of EMT in tumor cells of patients with TNBC.

Objective The family reconstruction method was used to establish paternity index algorithm for uncle-nephew relationships between two full sibling uncles and one nephew.Methods According to Mendelian genetic law,the family of two known full-sib uncles and one nephew were reconstructed according to the relationship between uncle and nephew,and the test hypothesis was established between two full sibling uncles and one nephew as the uncle-nephew relationship and unrelated individuals,and the paternity index of the uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew was calculated by using Excel.Results Among the 99 genotypic combinations between two full sibling uncles and one nephew,91 of which were consistent with the genetic rules of uncle-nephew relationships,while 8 of which were not.a stepwise mutation model was introduced in the situations that do not conform to the genetic laws of uncle-nephew relationships.The paternity index of uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew can be calculated using Excel.Conclusion The uncle-nephew testing involved by two full sibling uncles makes use of the role of the assistant,and the paternity index of the obtained uncle-nephew relationship is higher than that between two known full-siblings alone and their nephew,which has a good practical value in helping the appraiser to draw a clear appraisal opinion.

Objective:To evaluate the potential effects of serum lipid levels, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and body mass index (BMI), together with its dynamic changes, on tumor progression in renal clear cell carcinoma patients, so as to inform body weight management.Methods:This prospective cohort study included a total of 100 patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Serum lipid levels were detected, ASMI and BMI were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and the dynamic changes of BMI were tracked. The effects of BMI, ASMI and serum lipid levels on tumor progression within 2 years were explored.Results:Patients with normal BMI and low ASMI had 5.248 (95% CI: 1.946 to 14.153, P = 0.001) times higher risk of tumor progression than those who were overweight or obese. For every 0.1-unit increase in pre-operative HDL-C, the risk of tumor progression decreased by 0.771 (95% CI: 0.631 to 0.942, P = 0.011) times. Patients who experienced more than 5% decrease in BMI compared with baseline had 5.165 (95% CI: 1.735 to 15.370, P = 0.003) times the progression risk of patients whose BMI changed within ±5% from baseline. Conclusions:The advantage of obese clear cell carcinoma patients over normal-weight patients in tumor progression-free survival may be influenced by ASMI, pre-onset involuntary weight loss and lipid levels. Therefore, patient weight management should not merely focus on absolute BMI but tailor to individual characteristics, including cancer stage, body composition and metabolic status.

Entero virus 71 (EV71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and occasionally leads to severe neurological complications and even death. Scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) is a functional receptor for EV71, that mediates viral attachment, internalization, and uncoating. However, the exact binding site of EV71 on SCARB2 is unknown. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to human but not mouse SCARB2. It is named JL2, and it can effectively inhibit EV71 infection of target cells. Using a set of chimeras of human and mouse SCARB2, we identified that the region containing residues 77-113 of human SCARB2 contributes significantly to JL2 binding. The structure of the SCARB2-JL2 complex revealed that JL2 binds to the apical region of SCARB2 involving α-helices 2, 5, and 14. Our results provide new insights into the potential binding sites for EV71 on SCARB2 and the molecular mechanism of EV71 entry.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enterovirus A, Human ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; immunology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; virology ; Gene Expression ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical ; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Receptors, Scavenger ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Receptors, Virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Thermodynamics