Necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）is a gastrointestinal emergency commonly seen in premature infants，and its etiology and high-risk factors have not been fully elucidated.Premature infants who receive blood component transfusions are at significantly increased risk of developing NEC，with a higher incidence and mortality rate.This review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the association between multiple blood component transfusions and NEC，the pathogenesis，prevention measures，and the threshold of blood component transfusions，aiming to provide a reference for the safe and rational use of blood component transfusions in clinical practice，and to guide fulture research directions.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Dachaihu decoction(DCD)on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and liver injury in mice,as well as the association between DCD benefits and gut microbiota modulation.Methods:Mice were treated with DCD(20.10 and 10.05 g/kg)for 2 weeks,with free access to drinking water containing 3%DSS in the second week to induce UC.Histopathological examination,RT-qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to investigate the effect of DCD on UC mice.Results:DCD pretreatment significantly alleviated weight loss,bloody diarrhea with mucus,histopathological abnormalities of the colon,and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC.In addition,DCD pretreat-ment significantly upregulated the levels of Occludin,ZO-1,and MUC-2 in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier of mice.DCD pretreatment also alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon and the liver and significantly reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,iNOS,COX-2,and NLRP3,thereby exerting a protective effect against UC and liver injury.It should be noted that DCD corrected gut micro-biota imbalance in UC mice by enriching probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reducing harmful bacteria such as Norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Escherichia-Shigella.Conclusion:DCD can alleviate DSS-induced UC and exert a liver-protecting effect by protecting intestinal barrier,inhibiting inflam-mation,and regulating gut microbiota.

Hepatitis B，an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus（HBV），poses a severe threat to health by inducing acute and chronic hepatitis，cirrhosis，and liver cancer，thereby imposing heavy disease burden and psychological pressure to patients. In 1992，the average positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）in China was 9.75%，classifying the country as a high-prevalence area for hepatitis B. Since the mid-1980s，China has implemented a comprehensive prevention and control strategy centered on hepatitis B vaccination for newborns. This strategy encompasses measures such as blocking mother-to-child transmission，blood screening，control of healthcare-associated infections，prevention and control among key populations，and public education and awareness campaigns. After nearly four decades of efforts，the 2020 national hepatitis B seroepidemiological survey revealed a significant decline in China's overall HBsAg positive rate to 5.86%，with the positivity rate among children aged 1-4 years plummeting to just 0.30%. Compared with 1992，they have decreased by 40% and 97% respectively. New HBV infections have significantly decreased，and the prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. However，China still confronts numerous challenges in eliminating hepatitis B. The number of chronic HBV carriers remains substantial，and the infection rates among childbearing-age populations and sexually active groups are still relatively high. New infections among adults continue to occur sporadically. Additionally，the vaccination rate for hepatitis B among high-risk adult populations is low，and the newborn immunization program is weak in some areas. The public's awareness of hepatitis B needs to be improved urgently. The rates of detection，diagnosis，and treatment for hepatitis B are relatively low. Moreover，there is currently no effective drug that can completely eliminate HBV. Against the backdrop of rapid advancements in internet and information technologies，as well as in detection and diagnostic methods，China should promptly develop a multi-department prevention and control plan，introduce supportive policies and safeguard measures，and implement a hepatitis B prevention and control strategy that is based on universal immunoprevention and is systematic，comprehensive，standardized，precise，and fully integrated. At the same time，it is essential to improve an information management system，explore the integration of medical care and disease prevention mechanisms，increase financial investment，and implement measures at all stages，including screening，diagnosis，referral，treatment，and care. Additionally，efforts should be made to mobilize the participation of the entire society in order to achieve the goal of eliminating the public health threat of hepatitis B as soon as possible.

Hepatitis B，an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus（HBV），poses a severe threat to health by inducing acute and chronic hepatitis，cirrhosis，and liver cancer，thereby imposing heavy disease burden and psychological pressure to patients. In 1992，the average positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）in China was 9.75%，classifying the country as a high-prevalence area for hepatitis B. Since the mid-1980s，China has implemented a comprehensive prevention and control strategy centered on hepatitis B vaccination for newborns. This strategy encompasses measures such as blocking mother-to-child transmission，blood screening，control of healthcare-associated infections，prevention and control among key populations，and public education and awareness campaigns. After nearly four decades of efforts，the 2020 national hepatitis B seroepidemiological survey revealed a significant decline in China's overall HBsAg positive rate to 5.86%，with the positivity rate among children aged 1-4 years plummeting to just 0.30%. Compared with 1992，they have decreased by 40% and 97% respectively. New HBV infections have significantly decreased，and the prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. However，China still confronts numerous challenges in eliminating hepatitis B. The number of chronic HBV carriers remains substantial，and the infection rates among childbearing-age populations and sexually active groups are still relatively high. New infections among adults continue to occur sporadically. Additionally，the vaccination rate for hepatitis B among high-risk adult populations is low，and the newborn immunization program is weak in some areas. The public's awareness of hepatitis B needs to be improved urgently. The rates of detection，diagnosis，and treatment for hepatitis B are relatively low. Moreover，there is currently no effective drug that can completely eliminate HBV. Against the backdrop of rapid advancements in internet and information technologies，as well as in detection and diagnostic methods，China should promptly develop a multi-department prevention and control plan，introduce supportive policies and safeguard measures，and implement a hepatitis B prevention and control strategy that is based on universal immunoprevention and is systematic，comprehensive，standardized，precise，and fully integrated. At the same time，it is essential to improve an information management system，explore the integration of medical care and disease prevention mechanisms，increase financial investment，and implement measures at all stages，including screening，diagnosis，referral，treatment，and care. Additionally，efforts should be made to mobilize the participation of the entire society in order to achieve the goal of eliminating the public health threat of hepatitis B as soon as possible.

An innovative on-site real-time avian influenza virus(AIV)detection method was estab-lished by integratingrecombinase-aided amplification(RAA)with the clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)system.After analy-zing 120 sequences of the M gene of avian influenza viruses of different subtypes publicly available on NCBI,the RAA primers and crRNA were designed based on the identified highly conserved segment and used for RAA nucleic acid amplification.After the amplified products were transferred to a CRISPR/Cas13a detection system,the fluorescence values were monitored throughout the re-action process to indicate the results.The sensitivity and specificity of the RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a method were validated using gradient dilutions(106-100 copies/μL)of positive plasmids and sev-en other avian viruses.Fifty clinical samples were tested using this method and compared with the national standard fluorescence RT-PCR method.The results indicated that the detection limit for RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a method was 102 copies/μL,a two-fold improvement over the standard RAA.Specificity assay showed the established method only detected AIV with no cross-reactivity with other seven avian viruses.Compared to the national standard fluorescence RT-PCR method,this method exhibited 100％specificity,95.24％accuracy,and 98.00％consistency in detection of clinical samples.In conclusion,a universal and rapid RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a for detection of AIV was established with the capacity of achieving detection within 60 minutes at 37 ℃,which provides a rapid,sensitive,and specific on-site detection method for AIV.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of dapagliflozin combined with metformin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 100 patients with T2DM who received treatment in The Second People's Hospital of Hefei from June 2019 to May 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 50) and an experimental group ( n = 50). The control group was treated with metformin, and the experimental group was treated with dagglitazin combined with metformin. All patients were treated for 3 months. Blood glucose index, blood lipid level, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin in the experimental group were (5.56 ± 0.37) mmol/L, (8.32 ± 0.23) mmol/L, and (6.17 ± 0.26)% respectively, which were significantly lower than (6.96 ± 0.48) mmol/L, (9.58 ± 0.39) mmol/L, and (7.27 ± 0.26)% respectively in the control group ( t = 3.59, 6.92, 5.03, all P < 0.05). The total cholesterol and triglyceride in the experimental group were (3.58 ± 0.53) mmol/L and (1.25±0.26) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (4.94 ± 0.58) mmol/L and (1.93 ± 0.18) mmol/L in the control group ( t = 3.16, 4.25, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Dapagliflozin combined with metformin can effectively control blood glucose and blood lipid in T2DM patients without increasing adverse reactions.

Objective: To investigate the expression of INPP4B in gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: The expressions of INPP4B mRNA in fresh cancer tissues of 36 patients with gastric cancer and the paracancerous normal gastric mucosa tissues in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between July 2014 and December 2014 were detected by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expressions of INPP4B protein and its downstream molecule phosphorylation AKT (p-AKT) in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and the corresponding margin tissues of 49 gastric cancer patients between January 2010 and December 2010 were detected by using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of INPP4B and clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Results: RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of INPP4B mRNA was 0.21±0.04 compared with adjacent cancer normal tissues (t = -2.208, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that INPP4B protein was highly expressed in normal margin tissues and lowly expressed in tumor tissues. There was a statistical difference in the positive intensity score between the two groups (u = 4.70, P < 0.01). However, p-AKT protein was overexpressed in tumor tissues and underexpressed in normal margin tissues. There was a statistical difference in the positive intensity score between the two groups (u = 5.77, P < 0.01). The expression of INPP4B and p-AKT protein was negatively correlated (r = -0.644, P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of INPP4B protein in gastric cancer patients was 34.7% (17/49). There were no statistical differences of the positive expression rate of INPP4B protein in gender, age, pathological type, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). The median overall survival time of patients with INPP4B negative expression was 47 months, and that of patients with INPP4B positive expression was 48 months, and there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of INPP4B in gastric cancer tissue is low, which may play a role of tumor suppressor in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer by affecting the activity of AKT.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage on the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and the potential mechanism. Methods Eighty-one patients with diabetic ulcer were randomly divided into two groups:ultrasound debridement combined with vacuum sealing drain-age as the experimental group,routine debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage as the control group. The clinical curative effect,the reduction rate of the wound,the rate of blastocyst and the rate of bacterial clear-ance and blood flow were detected.Results The clinical curative effect in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The rates of wound reduction and granulation were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After 14-day treatment,the blood perfusion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the ulcer tissue was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound de-bridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage can improve the clinical efficacy,wound reduction rate,granu-lation coverage rate and bacterial clearance rate,and increase ulcer tissue blood flow. The potential mechanism is related with the increases of HIF-1α and VEGF in ulcer tissue.