Objective To investigate the expression levels and diagnostic value of long noncoding RNA(LncRNA)GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 in peripheral blood of Kazakh type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in Xinjiang.Methods From January to September 2019,Kazakh T2DM patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were recruited through outpatient or inpatient department(T2DM group,n=30).And 30 healthy people were selected as normal control(NC)group during the same period.The general data,biochemical indicators and differentially expressed LncRNA levels were compared between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the target genes and each index.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for T2DM.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of target genes.Results The differentially expressed LncRNA were LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 in the two groups.DBP,FPG,HbA1c,fructosamine,FIns,islet β cell function index,serum creatinine(Scr),LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 were higher in the T2DM group than in the NC group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of LncRNA GUSBP3 was positively correlated with Scr and serum uric acid(SUA)(r=0.328,0.322,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with FIns(r=-0.295,P<0.05).The expression of LncRNA SAM4 was positively correlated with SUA(r=0.275,P<0.05)and negatively correlated with LDL-C(r=-0.212,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that DBP(OR 1.175,95%CI 1.011～1.367),FIns(OR 0.852,95%CI 0.739～0.982),LncRNA GUSBP3(OR 0.378,95%CI 0.149～0.958)was influencing factors for T2DM in Kazakh population.The area under the ROC curve of LncRNA GUSBP3 was 0.789 for T2DM diagnosis.Conclusions The expression levels of LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 were higher in Kazakh patients with T2DM than in healthy people,and their expression levels are related to some biochemical indicators.DBP,FIns and LncRNA GUSBP3 are the influencing factors for T2DM in Kazakh population.LncRNA GUSBP3 may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of T2DM in Kazakh in Xinjiang.

Objective To observe the changes of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue and blood lipids of high-fat diet-fed mice,and to analyze the correlation between iNK T cells and lipid metabolism.Methods Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were selected as the high-fat diet group,and 51 C57BL/6 mice as the normal control group.The high-fat diet intervention lasted for 12 weeks.At weeks 1,4,8,and 12,the epididymal and perirenal fats of mice in both groups were collected and weighed to record the visceral fat mass(VFM),and the changes in body fat content(BFC)were calculated.Flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to detect the changes of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the lipid levels in mice,and the correlations of iNKT cells in visceral adipose tissue with VFM,BFC,and serum lipid levels were analyzed.Results At 12 weeks after high-fat diet feeding,the body weight,VFM,BFC,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)increased significantly,while the content of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue decreased obviously in the high-fat diet group,as compared with the control group(P＜0.01).The iNKT cell number in visceral adipose tissue of mice was negatively correlated with VFM,BFC,serum HDL-C and serum TG(r=-0.293,-0.289,-0.337,-0.199,P＜0.05),and was not correlated with serum TC and LDL-C(r=-0.122,-0.082,P＞0.05).Conclution VFM is increased and iNK T cell number is decreased in in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice.The number of iNK T cells is negatively correlated with VFM,BFC,serum HDL-C and TG.

Objective To observe the changes of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue and blood lipids of high-fat diet-fed mice,and to analyze the correlation between iNK T cells and lipid metabolism.Methods Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were selected as the high-fat diet group,and 51 C57BL/6 mice as the normal control group.The high-fat diet intervention lasted for 12 weeks.At weeks 1,4,8,and 12,the epididymal and perirenal fats of mice in both groups were collected and weighed to record the visceral fat mass(VFM),and the changes in body fat content(BFC)were calculated.Flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to detect the changes of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the lipid levels in mice,and the correlations of iNKT cells in visceral adipose tissue with VFM,BFC,and serum lipid levels were analyzed.Results At 12 weeks after high-fat diet feeding,the body weight,VFM,BFC,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)increased significantly,while the content of invariant natural killer T(iNK T)cells in visceral adipose tissue decreased obviously in the high-fat diet group,as compared with the control group(P＜0.01).The iNKT cell number in visceral adipose tissue of mice was negatively correlated with VFM,BFC,serum HDL-C and serum TG(r=-0.293,-0.289,-0.337,-0.199,P＜0.05),and was not correlated with serum TC and LDL-C(r=-0.122,-0.082,P＞0.05).Conclution VFM is increased and iNK T cell number is decreased in in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice.The number of iNK T cells is negatively correlated with VFM,BFC,serum HDL-C and TG.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and diagnostic value of long noncoding RNA(LncRNA)GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 in peripheral blood of Kazakh type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in Xinjiang.Methods From January to September 2019,Kazakh T2DM patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were recruited through outpatient or inpatient department(T2DM group,n=30).And 30 healthy people were selected as normal control(NC)group during the same period.The general data,biochemical indicators and differentially expressed LncRNA levels were compared between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the target genes and each index.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for T2DM.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of target genes.Results The differentially expressed LncRNA were LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 in the two groups.DBP,FPG,HbA1c,fructosamine,FIns,islet β cell function index,serum creatinine(Scr),LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 were higher in the T2DM group than in the NC group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of LncRNA GUSBP3 was positively correlated with Scr and serum uric acid(SUA)(r=0.328,0.322,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with FIns(r=-0.295,P<0.05).The expression of LncRNA SAM4 was positively correlated with SUA(r=0.275,P<0.05)and negatively correlated with LDL-C(r=-0.212,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that DBP(OR 1.175,95%CI 1.011～1.367),FIns(OR 0.852,95%CI 0.739～0.982),LncRNA GUSBP3(OR 0.378,95%CI 0.149～0.958)was influencing factors for T2DM in Kazakh population.The area under the ROC curve of LncRNA GUSBP3 was 0.789 for T2DM diagnosis.Conclusions The expression levels of LncRNA GUSBP3 and LncRNA SAM4 were higher in Kazakh patients with T2DM than in healthy people,and their expression levels are related to some biochemical indicators.DBP,FIns and LncRNA GUSBP3 are the influencing factors for T2DM in Kazakh population.LncRNA GUSBP3 may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of T2DM in Kazakh in Xinjiang.

Objective To compare the effects of mini-midline catheters that were placed in different sites.Methods The inpatients of a tertiary general hospital in Zhejiang Province from October 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects using a fixed point continuous convenience sampling method.The patients were divided into 2 groups by simple random grouping method.The experimental group had a mini-midline catheter placed in the upper arm,and the control group had a mini-midline catheter placed in the forearm.The incidence of catheter-related complications,the puncture success rate with one-attempt,the total procedure time,the time of the first occurrence of catheter-related complications,the rate of removal due to complications,and the indwelling catheter duration were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 121 patients were included,including 64 in the experimental group and 57 in the control group.The incidence rates of catheter-related complications in the experimental group and the control group were 29.69％and 66.67％;the times of the first occurrence of catheter-related complications were 167(122,220)h and 104(73,168)h;the rates of removal due to complications were 17.19％and 42.11％;the indwelling catheter duration was 171(124,258)h and 120(92,187)h;the differences between the 2 groups of these outcomes were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The puncture success rates with one-attempt in the experimental group and the control group were 96.88％and 96.49％;the total procedure times were 352(296,446)s and 370(295,430)s;the differences between the 2 groups of these outcomes were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Mini-midline catheters inserted in the upper arm can reduce the incidence of catheter complications and the rate of removal due to complications,prolong the time of the first occurrence of catheter-related complications and the indwelling catheter duration.

Objective:To explore the effects of infusion of irritant medications on the patients with midline catheter based on propensity score matching method and provide reference for medications infusion through midline catheter.Methods:Through a retrospective cohort study, the clinical data of 1 539 patients with midline catheter placement in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2019 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into irritant medications group ( n=1 120) and non-irritant medications group ( n=419) according to the characteristics of the medications they were infused with, and then compared the patients of the two groups with midline catheter-related complications and catheter indwelling time based on the propensity score matching. Results:Among 1 539 patients, there were 656 males and 883 females, aged 18-92 (59.30 ± 18.76) years old. Before propensity score matching, there were statistically significant differences in age: (58.09 ± 18.72) years old, (62.55 ± 18.50) years old; hypertension:496 cases, 210 cases; diabetes:266 cases, 129 cases; white blood cell count:7.50(5.50, 9.70) × 10 9/L, 7.00(5.10, 9.50) × 10 9/L between the irritant medications group and non-irritant medications group ( t=4.18, χ2=4.18, 7.92, Z=-1.98, all P<0.05). After propensity score matching, there were 412 patients in the irritant medications group and 412 patients in the non-irritant medications group, and there was no significant difference in the general data between the two groups (all P>0.05). After propensity score matching, the rates of oozing, bleeding, catheter occlusion, catheter-related thrombosis, catheter dislodgement and total catheter complications between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). The catheter indwelling time in the irritant medications group was 10.00 (5.25, 16.75) days, which was longer than that in the non-irritant medications group for 6.00 (4.00, 11.00) days, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-7.25, P<0.05). Conclusions:Infusion of irritant medications has no effect on the outcome of midline catheter, but monitoring and catheter maintenance should be strengthened in order to reduce the occurrence of cutheter related complications.

Objective To explore the potential circular RNA(circRNA)biomarker of Uygur type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 120 T2DM patients and 120 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University and Shihezi community from October 2020 to August 2021,and divided into four groups:60 Uygur T2DM patients(Uygur T2DM group),60 Uygur subjects with normal glucose tolerance(Uygur NC group),60 Han T2DM patients(Han T2DM group)and 60 Han subjects with normal glucose tolerance(Han NC group).Hsa_circRNA_0042817,hsa_circRNA_0006532 and hsa_circRNA_0004131 were selected as candidate circRNA,and the expression in peripheral blood were detected by RT-qPCR.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for Uygur T2DM,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the biomarker value of circRNA in Uygur T2DM.Results The expressions of hsa_circRNA_0042817,hsa_circRNA_0006532 and hsa_circRNA_0004131 were higher in Uygur T2DM group than in Uygur NC group(P<0.05).The expression of hsa_circRNA_0042817 was higher in Uygur T2DM group than in Han T2DM group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that hsa_circRNA_0042817 was an influencing factor for T2DM in Uygur population[OR(95%CI)3.420(1.567～7.465)].ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was the largest(0.798)in hsa_circRNA_0042817.Conclusion There were up-regulated circRNA in peripheral blood in Uygur T2DM patients,and hsa_circRNA_0042817 may be a biomarker for T2DM in Uygur patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 and islet cell function in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes and 106 cases of normal glucose tolerance (control group) in Uygur populations, 64 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 63 cases of normal glucose tolerance (control group) in Han populations were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test chemistry panel. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β) were evaluated by homeostasis model as islet cell function indexes. The differentially expressed circular RNAs were screened using RNA sequencing from the peripheral blood monocytes of 5 Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and matched controls. The expression level of a significantly up-regulated circular RNA_0005414 was detected and verified, and the relationship between the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 and islet cell function was analyzed.Results:Differential expression profiles of circular RNAs were found in Uygur type 2 diabetic patients . The expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Uygur type 2 diabetic group was higher than that in Uygur control group ( P<0.01), the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Han type 2 diabetic group was higher than that in Han control group ( P<0.01), the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Uygur type 2 diabetes group was higher than that in Han type 2 diabetes group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the Uyghur and Han groups, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading, HbA 1C, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR ( P<0.05) and negatively correlated with HOMA-β ( P<0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that circular RNA_0005414 expression level was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, HbA 1C, and HOMA-IR ( P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that circular RNA_0005414 was the only factor affecting HOMA-β in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion:The expression level of circular RNA_0005414 was closely related to islet cell function in Uygur type 2 diabetes patients, the up-regulation of circular RNA_0005414 may be involved in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes in Uygur.

Objective : To explore the significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) underlining the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by observing the difference of circRNAs expression in the peripheral blood of Uyghur T2DM patients. Methods : High⁃throughput nucleotide sequencing was utilized to screen out differentially expressed circRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 5 Uyghurs volunteers with healthy adults and 5 Uyghurs with T2DM. To further verify the differentially expressed circRNAs , additional samples from 20 NC Uyghur volunteers and 22 T2DM Uyghur patients were analyzed by real⁃time fluorescent quantitative⁃PCR(RT⁃qPCR) . Results : A total of 134 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened out by high⁃throughput nucleotide sequencing , of which 87 were up⁃regulated and 47 were down⁃regulated. hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 and has⁃circ⁃0005414 were obviously up⁃regulated and hsa⁃circ⁃0032491 and hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 were obviously down⁃regulated and they were selected for further verification by RT⁃qPCR of the additional samples. The study found that the differential expression of hsa⁃circ⁃0139634、hsa⁃circ⁃0032491、hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 in peripheral blood samples was statistically significant , which was consistent with the sequencing results. Among them , the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 was 0. 935 [95% confidence interval(0. 884 - 1. 000) , P< 0. 001] , Youden index was 0. 867 , sensitivity was 1. 000 , specificity was 0. 867 and cutoff value was 0. 169;the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of has⁃circ⁃0005414 was 0. 575[95% confidence inter⁃ cutoff value was 5. 749 ; the area under the ROC curve of hsa circ 0032491 was 0. 316[95% confidence interval(0. 086 - 0. 440) , P = 0. 017] , Youden index was 0. 056 , sensitivity was 1. 000 , specificity was 0. 056 and cutoff value was 0. 230 ; the area under the ROC curve of hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 was 0. 263[95% confidence interval(0. 078- 0. 428) , P = 0. 014] , Youden index was 0. 080 , sensitivity was 0. 955 , specificity was 0. 125 and cutoff value was 0. 011 . Conclusion Uyghur T2DM patients and NC populations have differentially expressed circRNAs profiles. Of note , hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 has potential value in the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur T2DM.

Objective To explore the changes of the constituent ratio of hypoglycemic scheme and clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in recent three years in Shihezi. Methods The cluster random sampling methods were used to select 300 patients with T2DM who met the standards in November 2012 from 13 communities in Shihezi. The datasets including general demographic information ,treatment and clinical outcomes were collected by following them up for three years. Results From 2012 to 2015,the proportion of pa-tients with oral drugs decreased from 63.5％ to 51％ while increased from 30.8％ to 41.8％ with insulin treatment. For the patients with insulin treatment ,the rate of patients on single drug therapy declined significantly (χ2 =8.77,P<0.05),while significantly increased on insulin combined with oral drug(χ2=-10.27,P<0.01). The incidence of adverse effects increases from 16.8％ to 24.5％. As compared with 2012,blood sugar levels and con-trol rate had no obvious changes in 2015;namely,according to the standard(1),the control rate of blood glucose in 2015 was 41.2％,decreasing 4.0％as compared with 2012,while according to the standard(2),it increasd by 1.4％ from 2012 to 2015(52.9％). The rate of diabetic complications significantly increased from 2012 to 2015. Conclusions Oral drugs are mainly used in the treatment of T2DM in Shihezi communities,whereas the rate of insulin use elevates. The blood glucose control rate,medication safety,and ability to lower the rate of diabetic com-plications need to be improved in T2DM patients in Shihezi communities.