Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism by which 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone(D2)inhibits proliferation,migration,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in colorectal cancer cells through miR-7-5p-mediated autophagy.Methods:Human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-15 and SW620 were treated with D2 at concentrations of 0,12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L.Cell proliferation and clonogenic capacity were evaluated using MTT and colony formation assays.Cell migration was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays.WB assay was used to detect the expression of EMT-related proteins,autophagy-related proteins,and key components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Autophagosome formation was visualized by immunofluorescence staining.TCGA database and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to evaluate miR-7-5p expression and its association with colorectal cancer.RT-qPCR was used to quantify miR-7-5p expression,and lentiviral transduction was employed to establish stable miR-7-5p knockdown or overexpression cell lines.Results:D2 significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation,migration,and EMT(P<0.05 or P<0.01).TCGA and KEGG analyses revealed that miR-7-5p expression was downregulated in colorectal cancer and closely associated with disease progression.D2 treatment(12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L)significantly upregulated miR-7-5p expression in HCT-15 and SW620 cells(P<0.01).At 25 μmol/L,D2 increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins(LC3 and p-ULK1)and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway(P<0.05),accompanied by increased autophagosome formation(P<0.01).In miR-7-5p-knockdown cells treated with D2,the levels of LC3 and p-ULK1 were significantly reduced compared to D2-only treated cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:D2 upregulates miR-7-5p to induce autophagy,thereby inhibiting colorectal cancer cell proliferation,migration,and EMT,possibly through suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is complex,and its essence is the weakening of bone formation and the enhancement of bone absorption caused by various reasons,resulting in the imbalance of bone metabolism.In recent years,N6-methyladenosine has been found(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)methylation can prevent and treat osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE:Taking the regulation of bone metabolism by m6A methylation as an entry point,to systematically sort out and summarize the research progress of m6A methylation in osteoporosis,so as to provide certain theoretical reference bases for the search of new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,MEDLINE,Nature,and Cochrane databases were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to 2023.The keywords were"osteoporosis,m6A methylation,bone metabolism,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts"in Chinese and English.Duplicates and obsolete non-referenced documents were excluded,and a total of 73 standard papers were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:m6A methylation can affect the activity and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,and osteoclasts through various pathways to regulate bone metabolism and prevent osteoporosis.The regulatory process of m6A methylation is extremely complex,and its related proteins play different roles in different cells.Even in the same kind of cells,the same type of proteins may have radically different roles,regulating different physiological and pathological processes.

Objective To preliminarily analyze the influencing factors of benign thyroid nodule malignant transformation and provide a basis for early intervention of benign thyroid nodule malignant transformation. Methods Selected 158 patients with benign thyroid nodules who visited our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 for inclusion in the study, and followed up for 3 year to observe whether the nodules had malignant changes. The age, gender and dietary habits were collected. 3 mL of fasting venous blood of subject were collected , and the level of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TgAb, CEA, thyroglobulin and calcitonin were collected. Results The results of this study suggest that the plasma levels of serum TgAb, TSH, TT4, TT3, FT3, FT4, CEA, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin of subjects were not statistically significant between sexes. The results of univariate analysis showed that compared with non malignant group, the patients in malignant nodule group were younger, the longest diameter of nodule was smaller, TgAb level was higher, TSH level was higher, FT3 level was lower, the proportion of internal calcification was higher, thyroglobulin level was higher, CEA level was higher, calcitonin level was higher, and the proportion of abnormal lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism was also higher, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TgAb positive, internal calcification, increased carcinoembryonic antigen level, dyslipidemia, elevated thyroglobulin level, and abnormal glucose metabolism, elevated calcitonin level were associated with the increased risk of node canceration, and increased total FT3 level was associated with the reduced risk of canceration (P<0.05). Conclusion TgAb positive, internal calcification, increased carcinoembryonic antigen level, small nodule diameter, abnormal blood lipids, elevated thyroglobulin level, low total FT3 level, abnormal glucose metabolism, and elevated calcitonin level are associated with the increased risk of malignant transformation of benign thyroid nodules, which should be paid attention to clinically.

Objective:To demonstrate the three-dimensional structures of the limbic system and its fiber connections through fiber dissection,and to provide reference for relevant professionals to master the anatomy of the limbic system.Methods:Ten cerebral hemispheres were treated and dissected according to Kelinger method,and the limbic system and its fiber connections were displayed.Results:The limbic system was arranged around the thalamus and corpus cal-losum in a double-layer concentric circle structure.The outer layer structures mainly consisted of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus,while the inner layer structures included the amygdala,hippocampus and fornix.The main association fiber of the outer layer is the cingulum,whose superior trunk is mainly located in the cingulate gyrus,and the inferior trunk is mainly located in the parahippocampal gyrus.The fiber structures of the inner layer includes the striae terminalis and ansa peduncularis emanating from the amygdala and the fornix of the hippocampus.Conclusion:Limbic system is an important connection structure between telencephalon and diencephalon,and its anatomical struc-ture is complex.Fiber dissection method can effectively demonstrate the complex spatial structure of limbic system,which is of great benefit to relevant professionals to understand its three-dimensional structure.

Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(SGD) is one of the prescriptions included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions(First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. It is composed of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. Experiments and clinical cases have proved that SGD has anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, antispasmodic, and liver-protecting effects. It is widely used in the clinical treatment of diseases, demonstrating definite effects on digestive system diseases. By reviewing the literature on SGD in recent years, this paper summarizes the applications of SGD in the treatment of digestive system diseases from three aspects of basic prescription and syndrome analysis, clinical application, and mechanism to expounds the research status in this field. Furthermore, this paper put forward the shortcomings and improvement methods of the available studies, aiming to provide reference for the application of SGD in treating digestive system diseases and the research and development of SGD preparations.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Digestive System Diseases/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Paeonia/chemistry* ; Glycyrrhiza/chemistry*

Objective:To demonstrate the three-dimensional structures of the limbic system and its fiber connections through fiber dissection,and to provide reference for relevant professionals to master the anatomy of the limbic system.Methods:Ten cerebral hemispheres were treated and dissected according to Kelinger method,and the limbic system and its fiber connections were displayed.Results:The limbic system was arranged around the thalamus and corpus cal-losum in a double-layer concentric circle structure.The outer layer structures mainly consisted of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus,while the inner layer structures included the amygdala,hippocampus and fornix.The main association fiber of the outer layer is the cingulum,whose superior trunk is mainly located in the cingulate gyrus,and the inferior trunk is mainly located in the parahippocampal gyrus.The fiber structures of the inner layer includes the striae terminalis and ansa peduncularis emanating from the amygdala and the fornix of the hippocampus.Conclusion:Limbic system is an important connection structure between telencephalon and diencephalon,and its anatomical struc-ture is complex.Fiber dissection method can effectively demonstrate the complex spatial structure of limbic system,which is of great benefit to relevant professionals to understand its three-dimensional structure.

Humans ; Pyoderma Gangrenosum ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Neoplasms

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of vertebral body partition in the unipedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Methods:From July 2019 to October 2021, 89 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture were treated by unipedicular PVP at Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital. They were 37 males and 52 females, with a mean age of (70.5±4.8) years (from 60 to 80 years). According to the vertebral body partition, the patients were divided into group a (32 cases), group b (20 cases), group c (21 cases), group d (11 cases), group e (0 case) and group f (5 cases). The therapeutic effects were evaluated by comparing the improvement rates of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) between preoperation and postoperative 1-day among all partition groups. The imaging efficacy was evaluated by comparing the proportions of bone cement diffusion area in the posteroanterior and lateral DR films and the leakage of bone cement among all partition groups.Results:The improvement rates of VAS score between preoperation and postoperation: group a [77.8 (75.0, 82.5) %] > group b [71.4 (71.4, 71.4) %] > group c [66.7 (66.7, 66.7) %] > group d [60.0 (60.0, 62.5) %] > group f [57.1 (50.0, 57.1)%], showing a statistically significant difference between any 2 groups ( P<0.001). The improvement rates of ODI score: group a (58.0%±4.2%) > group b (47.5%±2.5%) > group c (42.9%±2.9%) > group d (39.6%±3.2%) > group f (34.2%±8.4%), showing a statistically significant difference between any 2 groups ( P<0.001). The proportions of bone cement diffusion area: group a (76.9%±3.5%) > group b (71.3%±3.1%) > group c (66.1%±3.6%) > group d (60.2%±2.6%) > group f (54.0%±4.2%), showing a statistically significant difference between any 2 groups ( P<0.001). Bone cement leakage occurred in 7 cases, including 3 ones of anterior vertebral leakage (1 case in group a and 2 cases in group b), and 4 ones of leakage into the paravertebral venous plexus (2 cases in group c and 2 cases in group d). There was no intraspinal leakage, or symptoms of nerve compression or lesion. Conclusion:In the unipedicular PVP for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, our vertebral body partition can guide puncturing for bone cement injection because it indicates the optimal and the risky partitions.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics,diagnosis,and differential diagnosis of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma(IMA)and mixed invasive mucinous and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma(mIMA).Methods The clinical data were collected in 36 patients with primary IMA and 17 patients with mIMA,and the expression of TTF-1,CK7,CK20,SATB2,CDX2,EGFR,HNF4a,etc.was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method.The Sanger se-quencing and the FISH were used for KRAS mutation and NRG1 gene rearrangement detection.The clinicopathological character-istics were analyzed with review of relevant literature.Results There were 9 cases(25.0％)and 3(8.3％)cases of papillary and micropapillary structures in IMA,while 13 cases(76.5％)(P＜0.001)and 9 cases(52.9％)(P=0.001)were present in mIMA.There were 5 cases(13.9％)of high nuclear grade of IMA and 10 cases(58.8％)of high nuclear grade of mIMA(P=0.002).TTF-1 had a positive rate of 37.5％in IMA,but 60.0％and 80.0％in the mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma components of mIMA(P=0.021),respectively.The positive rates of CK7,CK20,and CDX2 in IMA were 90.6％,21.9％,and 9.4％,and the positive rates in mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma components of mIMA were 100％,20％,20％and 100％,6.7％,6.7％,respectively and no SATB2 expression was found in all cases.There was no significant difference in the expres-sion of total EGFR and two EGFR mutation-specific antibodies(L858R,DEL19)between IMA and mIMA.There were 3 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma with L858R positive in mIMA,and 2 of them were negative for non-mueinous adenocarcinoma.In another case,the non-mueinous adenocarcinoma component of mIMA expressed DEL19,but the mucinous adenocarcinoma component was not expressed.The positive rate of HNF4a in IMA was 72.0％(18/25),and those of HNF4a in mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in mIMA were 41.7％(5/12)and 33.3％(4/12),respectively(P=0.048).KRAS gene sequencing was carried out in 19 cases of IMA,among which 9 cases(47.4％)had mutations,G12D and G12V were most commonly detected,and 4 cases of mIMA were sequenced,but none of them showed KRAS mutations.FISH detection showed that 2 cases(7.1％)IMAs had NRG1 translocation rearrangement.Conclusion Pulmonary mIMA is more aggressive than IMA.For example,mIMA has significantly more papillary structure,micropapillary structure,and high nu-clear grade cases than IMA.The differences in immunohisto-chemical expression and KRAS mutation between the two are sta-tistically significant.

Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear. Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively. Conclusions This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC.