Palmitoylation, an essential covalent attachment of a fatty acid (usually C16 palmitate) to cysteine residues within proteins, is crucial for regulating protein functionality and enzymatic activities. This lipid modification facilitates the anchoring of proteins to cellular membranes, dictating their subcellular distribution and influencing protein transport dynamics and intracellular positioning. Additionally, it plays a role in regulating protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Palmitoylation is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases by modulating substrates and prompting additional post-translational modifications, as well as by interacting with other molecular alterations. Moreover, an intervention strategy focusing on palmitoylation processes is anticipated to offer novel therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular pathologies and address extant challenges in clinical settings. This review consolidates current research on the role and importance of palmitoylation in cardiovascular diseases by exploring its regulatory functions, the catalyzing enzymes, and the involved substrates. It highlights recent discoveries connecting palmitoylation-targeted therapies to cardiovascular health and examines potential approaches and future challenges in cardiovascular treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-125a-5p targeted regulation of scavenger receptor B1 (Scarb1) gene on anoxia/reoxygenation injury of rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS: H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into blank control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group, transfection control group and mir-125a-5p transfection group. The expression of miR-125a-5p, cardiomyocyte viability, apoptosis rate, ATP content and the expression of Scarb1, Cyt C, Bax, Bcl-2 and NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins were determined. Target gene of miR-125a-5p was predicted with Targetscan software, and the targeting of miR-125a-5p on Scarb1 was verified by double luciferase reporter gene experiment. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the expression of miR-125a-5p, Bax, Cyt C and the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in the hypoxia/reoxygenation group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of Scarb1, Bcl-2 and the content of ATP were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the situation of mir-125a-5p transfection group was just the opposite. Double luciferase reporter gene experiment has confirmed Scarb1 to be the target of miR-125a-5p. Hypoxia/reoxygenation can promote the expression of NF-κB p65, C-myc and Cyclin D1 in cardiomyocytes, while down-regulating the expression of miR-125a-5p can inhibit the expression of such proteins. CONCLUSION Hypoxia/reoxygenation can induce the expression of miR-125a-5p in rat cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p can protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation by up-regulating the expression of Scarb1. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Collaboration of c-KIT mutations with AML1-ETO (AE) has been demonstrated to induce t(8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Targeted therapies designed to eliminate AE and c-KIT oncoproteins may facilitate effective treatment of t(8; 21) AML. Homoharringtonine (HHT) features activity against tumor cells harboring c-KIT mutations, whereas oridonin can induce t(8; 21) AML cell apoptosis and AE cleavage. Therefore, studies should explore the efficacy of combination therapy with oridonin and HHT in t(8; 21) AML. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects and mechanism of oridonin combined with HHT in t(8; 21) AML cell line and mouse model. The two drugs synergistically inhibited cell viability and induced significant mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis. Oridonin and HHT induced significant downregulation of c-KIT and its downstream signaling pathways and promoted AE cleavage. HHT increased intracellular oridonin concentration by modulating the expressions of MRP1 and MDR1, thus enhancing the effects of oridonin. The combination of oridonin and HHT prolonged t(8; 21) leukemia mouse survival. In conclusion, oridonin and HHTexert synergistic effects against t(8; 21) leukemia in vivo and in vitro, thereby indicating that their combination may be an effective therapy for t(8; 21) leukemia.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of antibodies induced by leptospiral vaccines. Methods: Antigens for antibody detection were screened out. ELISA was used to analyze antibody responses induced at different time points after immunizing guinea pigs with different batches of leptospiral vaccines from different manufacturers. To investigate the relationship between antibody responses induced by leptospiral vaccines and their protective effects in animal model, guinea pigs were challenged with Leptospira after immunization. Results: There was no significant antigen-antibody reaction between the LigA protein or Patoc Ⅰ antigen and the serum samples of guinea pigs immunized with leptospiral vaccines. Notable IgG and IgM antibody reactions were observed in all vaccination groups when using bacterial proteins from seven Leptospira reference strains which were used for the preparation of leptospiral vaccines as envelope antigens. Antigen-specific IgG antibodies peaked at 35 d after the last immunization, and the highest peak of antigen-specific IgM antibodies was reached 11 d after the last immunization. Results of the challenge test showed that non-diluted leptospiral vaccines induced significant IgG and IgM antibody reactions in guinea pigs as compared with those diluted three or nine times, showing good protective effects. Conclusions Analysis of the dynamic changes of antibodies induced by leptospiral vaccines revealed that there was correlation between the induced serum antibody responses and the protective effects. This study provided reference for further study on alternative methods for evaluating leptospiral vaccine potency.

Objective Lab color mode can be used to digitize the color.This study explores the possibility of using Lab model to measure facial pigmentations.Methods Lab color model was used to measure the normal skin and three common clinical pigmentations (Ota nevus,freckles and melasma).We also analyzed the characteristics and assessed the data changes after the treatment.Results Average L,a and b values were 54.4,13.8 and 19.0 in normal skin,34.6,5.17 and 6.9 in Ota nevus,43.25,16.15 and 23.05 in freckles and 40.5,16.8 and 23.35 in melasma,respectively.The Lab values of freckles and melasma were close.The order of L value was:normal skin ＞ freckle ＞ melasma ＞Ota nevus;the order of value of a and b was:melasma ＞ freckle ＞ normal skin ＞ Ota nevus.After treatment,the Lab values gradually tended to be the values of normal skin.Conclusions The Lab color mode can be used as a digital description method for skin color and facial pigmentation,which provides an objective measure for clinical research.

Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents in the rattan of Rubia argyi L.. Methods:The air-dried rattan of Rubia argyi L. was powdered and extracted three times by 75% ethanol with refluxing. After removing the solvent under the reduced pressure,the crude extract was dissolved in water,and then filtrated and extracted by petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to obtain crude extract after removing petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatogra-phy,reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography,and then identified based on physicochemical properties and spectral analysis(1 H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Results:Totally 13 compounds were isolated from the rat-tan of Rubia argyi L.,and characterized as secoisolariciresinol(1),xanthopurpurin(2),daucosterol(3),dehydroabietic acid(4), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-anthraquinone(5),β-sitosterol(6),lirioresinol A(7),2-hydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone(8),strych-novoline (9), ciwujiatone (10), 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran (11), 2-(4-hydroxypheny) -6-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane (12), and (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (13).Conclusion: The compounds 1-13 are isolated from the rattan of Rubia argyi L. for the first time and the compounds 1,2,4,5 and 7-13 are first isolated from Rubia L..

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of skin ulcers.Methods A total of 185 skin ulcer patients with clinical data was analyzed retrospectively in our hospital from October 2014-October 2016.Results Of the 185 patients with skin ulcers,84(45.4％) were 51-70 years old,diabetic ulcers were most common,and most occurred in ankle (44.3％) and limbs (35.7％).After further statistical analysis,the healing rate of patients treated by surgery was significantly higher than non-surgical patients.Surgical procedures of local flap transfer after ulcer resection were most commonly used and of the highest healing rate.The number of ulcers,the largest diameter of ulcers,scar ulcers and blood barrier ulcers were four factors that were independent of the outcome of skin ulcers.Conclusions Skin ulcers hospitalized patients are more common in patients over 50 years of age,occur most in the lower limbs.Surgical therapy is the preferred treatment for most ulcers,of which local flap transfer after ulcer resection has the best effect.Ulcer patients should actively treat the primary disease,strengthen the care,early diagnosis,and early treatment.

Aim To investigate the effects of dopamine(DA)on insulin secretion from rat islets and the possible mechanism.Methods Pancreatic islets were obtained from the pancreatic of male SD rats by collagenase P digestion and histopaque-1077 density gradient separation.Insulin secretion experiment was used to observe the change of insulin release after DA treatments.As to study the potential mechanisms of the effects of DA,patch-clamp experiment and calcuim image technique were applied to test the depolarization-evoked Ca2+ currents,action potential duration and intracellular Ca2+ concentration.Results In 2.8 mmol·L-1 glucose,DA had no effect on insulin secretion;in 16.7 mmol·L-1 glucose,dopamine inhibited insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner.DA inhibited the inward calcium current,shorten the action potential duration,and reduced the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.Conclusion DA inhibits insulin secretion maybe by decreasing the inward calcium current leading to shorten the action potential duration and reduce the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and causes of cardiac ADR induced by quinolones,and to provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Three thousaud two hundred and eighty-eighe 8 patients receiving common quinolones were selected from clinical departments in Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University during Mar. 2012-Mar. 2016. Retro-spective analysis was conducted in terms of patients’age and gender,clinical departments,main clinical manifestations,route of administration,underlying disease,drug combination. The reasons for cardiac ADR were analyzed. RESULTS:Among 3 288 pa-tients,there were 34 patients(1.03%)with cardiac ADR. Among them,the incidence of cardiac ADR in patients over 50 years old was as high as 76.47%;patients with cardiac ADR were mainly in the respiration department,gastroenterology department and urology department,accounting for 76.47%;most of patients were from gastroenterology department(29.41%). In cardiac ADR, the main clinical manifestations were QTc interval prolongation torsadesde poiutes(TdP)and TdP,accounting for 58.82%. Among them,patients with QTc interval prolongation TdP occupied the highest proportion,there was no statistical significance compared to TdP(P>0.05);there was statistical significance in the difference with other clinical manifestations(P<0.05). Among common-ly used quinolones,levofloxacin(32.35%)and ciprofloxacin(41.18%)caused large proportion of cardiac ADR,there was statisti-cal significance compared to norfloxacin,moxifloxacin and other quinolones(P<0.05). The proportion of cardiac ADR induced by intravenous dripping(91.18%)was much higher than oral administration(8.82%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Among patients with cardiac ADR,the patients with underlying disease (94.12%) and drug combination (91.18%) occupied the higher proportion,there was statistical significance compared to the patients without underlying disease and drug combination(P<0.01). Among drug combination,the patients receiving amiodarone (29.41%) and salbutamol (20.59%) occupied the large proportion, there was statistical significance compared to other types of drug combination(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Cardiac ADR induced by quinolones in our hospital mostly occurs in respiration department,gastroenterology department and urology department,and mainly manifests as QTc interval prolongation TdP and TdP. The incidence of cardiac ADR may be greatly increased in elderly pa-tients,patients with underlying diseases,and drug combination as well as intravenous infusion. Therefore,clinicians should select suitable quinolones,and make reasonable individualized dosage regimen.

Objective To investigate the effects of the structural psychological nursing on the sense of uncertainty and adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) in patients with PCI.Methods Totals of 98 PCI patients who admitted to the Cardiology Department of Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2015 to May 2016 were selected into the study. The participants were divided into the control group (n=49) and the intervention group (n=49) according to a random number table. Based on the routine nursing care, the intervention group received an additional structural psychological care. To compare the state of pre operative mood and postoperative mood, the sense of uncertainty one day before and after PCI, and the incidence of ACE three months after PCI between the two groups.Results Patients in the intervention group had a better state of mood after the intervention compared with the control group. The sense of uncertainty was similar before the operation (P>0.05) but was significantly different between the two groups after the operation (t=4.635, 3.265, 4.012;P<0.01). In the intervention group, the scores of undefined diagnosis, complexity, and sense of uncertainty to the disease was (35.63±5.96), (21.26±3.01) and (56.89±5.84). After three months, the vasovagal reflectivity and incidence of hematoma on the puncture site had significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05), but had limited difference in the incidence of myocardial infarction or angina recurrence rate (P>0.05).Conclusions The structural psychological nursing can effectively prevent the sense of uncertainty and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with PCI.