ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM, facilitating its rational application in clinical settings. The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using the Delphi method, clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated. Systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence quality evaluations, expert opinions, and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline. External reviews further refined the recommendations. The guideline for the TDM of MPA (IPGRP-2020CN099) consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations, monitoring strategies, dosage regimens, and influencing factors. High-risk populations, timing of TDM, area under the curve (AUC) versus trough concentration (C₀), target concentration ranges, monitoring frequency, and analytical methods are addressed. Formulation-specific recommendations, initial dosage regimens, populations with unique considerations, pharmacokinetic-informed dosing, body weight factors, pharmacogenetics, and drug‍-‍drug interactions are covered. The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy, promoting standardization of MPA TDM, and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Drug Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Delphi Technique

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, and Nrf2 signaling pathway has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-fibrosis effects while plays an important role in wound healing and pathological scar formation and progression. This article reviewed the related research regarding the effect of oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling pathway on pathological scars, furthermore, it investigated the relationship between Nrf2 signaling pathway, oxidative stress and pathological scars, providing a new perspective for the study of mechanism and clinical prevention and treatments of pathological scars.

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, and Nrf2 signaling pathway has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-fibrosis effects while plays an important role in wound healing and pathological scar formation and progression. This article reviewed the related research regarding the effect of oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling pathway on pathological scars, furthermore, it investigated the relationship between Nrf2 signaling pathway, oxidative stress and pathological scars, providing a new perspective for the study of mechanism and clinical prevention and treatments of pathological scars.

This article reviews relevant literature on the prevention and treatment of cancer with hesperidin published in the past 10 years by searching electronic databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， Wanfang， and PubMed， and summarizes the research progress on the anticancer mechanism of hesperidin. Hesperidin has a wide range of pharmacological effects， including anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antibacterial， antiviral， anticancer， immune-regulatory， anti-radiation， neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective properties and so on. Its anticancer mechanisms mainly include inhibiting cancer cell proliferation， promoting apoptosis， reducing angiogenesis， inhibiting invasion and migration of cancer cells， regulating immunity and autophagy， and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a broad-spectrum anticancer drug， hesperidin manifests chemo-preventive and therapeutic effects across various cancers， contingent upon its multifaceted anticancer mechanisms. Furthermore， this article summarizes the synergistic effects of hesperidin in combination with cisplatin， doxorubicin， cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel. It elucidates that hesperidin can enhance the cytotoxicity of these anticancer drugs against cancer cells while mitigating drug resistance and adverse side effects. Nonetheless， the clinical use is somewhat constrained due to its poor water solubility and limited bioavailability. Therefore， this article also outlines the current strategies for enhancing hesperidin's bioavailability， including structural modification， combination with other chemical substances， and utilization of nano drug carriers.The discovery of derivatives of hesperidin not only preserves the anticancer efficacy of hesperidin, but also effectively overcomes the shortcomings of poor water solubility and low bioavailability of hesperidin, effectively predicting the good application prospects of hesperidin and its derivatives.

Objective:To learn about the awareness of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among people in key areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), and analyze influencing factors.Methods:From February to March 2023, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was adopted to select residents (aged ≥12 years and resident for ≥6 months) from Yanchi County, Litong District, Pingluo County and Yuanzhou District of Ningxia as the survey subjects. Demographic information such as gender, age, education level, marital status, occupation, region, urban-rural status, as well as knowledge of brucellosis prevention and control were obtained through face-to-face questionnaire surveys. The awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among various populations was calculated and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:A total of 1 592 questionnaires were distributed, of which 1 581 were valid, with an effective rate of 99.31%. There were 704 males, accounting for 44.53% (704/1 581); and 877 females, accounting for 55.47% (877/1 581). The age was (54.09 ± 14.81) years old, ranging from 14 to 88 years old. The education level was mainly primary school or below, accounting for 48.07% (760/1 581). The marital status was mainly married or cohabitating, accounting for 91.84% (1 452/1 581). The occupation was mainly farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 61.92% (979/1 581). In Pingluo County, Litong District, Yuanzhou District and Yanchi County, 392, 403, 396 and 390 people were investigated, respectively. In urban and rural areas, 797 and 784 people were investigated, respectively. The overall awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among the population was 47.82% (756/1 581). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among different age groups, education levels, marital status, occupation, regions and urban and rural populations ( P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, marital status, occupation, urban-rural status were the factors influencing the awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among the population ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge in key areas of Ningxia is relatively low, and age, education level, marital status, occupation, and urban-rural status are the main influencing factors.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and related to risk factors of late-life depression patients with venous thromboembolism in the elderly ward.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 143 hospitalized depression patients(aged≥60 years)including 65 depression patients with VTE(VTE group)and 78 depression patients without VTE(control group)in the elderly ward of Beijing Anding Hospital from January 2023 to September 2023.The clinic and laboratory data was collected such as general demographic information,relevant clinical data,VTE history,personal history,thyroid function,hormone levels,blood lipid levels and D-dimer to analyze and compare the clinical characteristics of two group patients,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the related risk factors of VTE in patients with depression.Results Compared with control group,patients in the VTE group were older[(70.94±5.88)years vs.(68.04±4.92)years,P<0.05],had a higher total HAMD score(26.35±9.28 vs.23.19±5.94,P<0.05),a higher proportion of a history of VTE[13 cases(20.0%)vs.6 cases(7.7%),P<0.05],a higher proportion of bedridden for more than 72 hours[42 cases(64.6%)vs.31 cases(39.7%),P<0.05],lower HDL-C levels[(1.27±0.27)mmol/L vs.(1.39±0.28)mmol/L,P<0.05],and higher levels of D-dimer[1.91(0.82,3.51)mg/L FEU vs.0.48(0.25,0.80)mg/L FEU,P<0.05].Logistic regression analysis showed that total HAMD scores(OR=1.077,P=0.018),history of VTE(OR=4.339,P=0.023),bedridden for more than 72 hours(OR=2.449,P=0.044),and D-dimer level(OR=2.404,P<0.001)were risk factors for hospitalized late-life depression patients with VTE in the elderly ward.Conclusions Depression patients with VTE in the elderly ward have several clinical characteristics including older age,more severe depressive symptoms,lower HDL-C levels,higher D-dimer levels,and higher proportion of a history of VTE and bedridden for more than 72 hours.Depressive symptoms,a history of VTE,bedridden for more than 72 hours,and D-dimer levels may be risk factors for late-life depression patients with VTE in the elderly ward.

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of different geographical isolates of Gohieria fusca.. Methods G. fusca isolates were sampled from Wuhu (WH), Bengbu (BB) and Bozhou cities (BZ) of Anhui Province and Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province (JX). Mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes were amplified in WH, BB, BZ and JX isolates of G. fusca using PCR assay. The gene sequences were edited and aligned using the software Chromas 2 and DNASTAR 1.00, and the haplotype, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) of each isolate were calculated using the software DnaSP 5.10.00. The genetic differentiation among isolates (F_st) and gene flow value (N_m) were estimated using the software MEGA 10.2, and a phylogenetic tree was built. Tests of neutrality and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were performed using the software Arlequin 3.1 and a haplotype network was built based on the Median-Joining network using the software Network 10.2. Results PCR assay showed that the sizes of the Cytb and ITS genes were 372 bp and 1 301 to 1 320 bp, respectively. All four isolates of G. fusca presented high genetic diversity based on mitochondrial Cytb and ITS genes (Hd = 0.804, Pi = 0.006 91). AMOVA showed genetic differentiation among geographical isolates of G. fusca (F_st = 0.202 40, P < 0.05), and the genetic variation was mainly caused by intra-population variations (79.76%). Gene flow analysis showed a high level of gene flow among G. fusca isolates (N_m > 1). Tests of neutrality based on Cytb gene measured a Tajima’s D value of −1.796 31 (P < 0.05) and a Fu’s FS value of −3.293 98 (P < 0.05) in WH isolate of G. fusca, indicating population expansion in WH isolate of G. fusca. Haplotype network analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed no remarkable geographical distribution pattern among different geographical isolates of G. fusca. All four isolates of G. fusca presented high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.985, Pi = 0.011 97). AMOVA showed moderate level of genetic differentiation between four isolates (F_st = 0.104 62, P < 0.05). The tests of neutrality based on ITS genes measured a Tajima’s D value of −6.088 20 and a Fu’s FS value of −1.935 99 (both P > 0.05) in the whole isolate of G. fusca, indicating no obviously population expansion. Conclusions The four geographical isolates of G. fusca have high genetic diversity and remarkable genetic differentiation. Since a high level of gene flow is detected among different geographical isolates of G. fusca, no obvious geographical distribution pattern of G. fusca is found.