Objective: To define the mechanism by which swine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication. Methods: Porcine 3D4/21 cells with TRIM25 overexpression or knockdown were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Viral replication was quantified by immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 50% tissue culture infectious dose assays. Type I interferon signaling was assessed by transcript quantification, interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated response element reporter assays, and co-immunoprecipitation.Viral RNA binding was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation. Results: TRIM25 overexpression reduced viral RNA and infectious titers, whereas TRIM25 knockdown increased replication (p < 0.01). TRIM25 increased interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated gene expression and enhanced interferon-beta and interferonstimulated response element promoter activity (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, TRIM25 promoted Lys63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and increased phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3. TRIM25 also bound vesicular stomatitis virus genomic RNA, and binding required the C-terminal region. Conclusions and Relevance: Porcine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication by amplifying type I interferon signaling and directly binding viral RNA.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have obtained much attention in biomaterial fields due to their similar physicochemical properties to those of the petroleum-derived plastics. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) [P(3HB-co-LA)] is one member of the PHAs family, and has better toughness and transparency compared to existing polylactic acid (PLA) and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] [P(3HB)]. First, we confirmed the one-step biosynthesis of P(LA-co-3HB) with the lactate fraction of 23.8 mol% by introducing P(3HB-co-LA) production module into Escherichia coli MG1655. Then, the lactate fraction was increased to 37.2 mol% in the dld deficient strain WXJ01-03. The genes encoding the thioesterases, ydiI and yciA, were further knocked out, and the lactate fraction in the P(3HB-co-LA) was improved to 42.3 mol% and 41.1 mol% respectively. Strain WXJ03-03 with dld, ydiI and yciA deficient was used for the production of the LA-enriched polymer, and the lactate fraction was improved to 46.1 mol%. Notably, the lactate fraction in P(3HB-co-LA) from xylose was remarkably higher than from glucose, indicating xylose as a potent carbon source for P(3HB-co-LA) production. Therefore, the deficiency of thioesterase may be considered as an effective strategy to improve the lactate fraction in P(3HB-co-LA) in xylose fermentation.
Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Hydroxybutyrates ; Lactic Acid ; Polyesters ; Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Xylose

Objective:To explore the digital network platform construction of morpghology of laboratory medicine and its effects on clinical teaching.Methods:Laboratory morphological inspection pictures of peripheral blood, bone marrow slices, urinary sediments, parasites, secretions, cavity effusion, medical microorganisms and chromosome specimens were collected to build a digital network platform for online learning, practical training, and examination by applying Authorware multimedia software, Access database, and Web interface. Afterwards thirty interns on laboratory medicine were randomized into two groups: traditional teaching group and software teaching group for morphological assay examination. The differences in theoretical scores, exam time, practical operation scores, and satisfaction rates between two groups were statistically analyzed by t test and Pearson Chi-square test using SPSS 13.0. Results:The software teaching group showed significantly higher theoretical and practical scores [(88.0 ± 6.4); (85.3 ± 7.1)] than traditional teaching group [(76.3±8.1); (80.3±7.9)] (both P=0.000 1), and its theoretical exam time [(93.7 ± 10.5) minutes] was significantly shorter than traditional teaching group [(115.8±16.2) minutes] ( P=0.033 8). The questionnaire survey results showed that software teaching group showed higher satisfaction rates in the aspect of teaching content systematization, diversity of teaching methods, clinical learning interest and fairness of assessment than traditional teaching group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The software teaching model could improve quality and efficiency in teaching morphological assay, enhance students' learning autonomy and professional skills, and provide a powerful platform to adapt to vocational innovation of laboratory medicine education.

Objective To observe the expressions of oxidized low density lipoprotein ( OxLDL ) receptor CD36 in kidney tissue of diabetic rats and in tubular cells incubated with OxLDL, and to explore the association of CD36 with the tubular injury and renal fibrosis in the process of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Diabetic rat model with hyperlipidemia was established by feeding with high sugar and fat diet and injection of low dose streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The expression of CD36 in kidney tissues was analyzed immunohistochemically. Meanwhile, the tubular sclerosis and fibrosis injury index were estimated and calculated. NRK-52E cells were stimulated with 50 mg/L OxLDL for 5, 10, 24, and 48 h, or 100 and 150 mg/L OxLDLs for 2 and 3 days. The protein expression of CD36 was detected by Western blot. Results The expression of CD36 in the renal tubulointerstitium of diabetic rats was increased comparing to that in control rats, and was localized mainly at tubular region. The renal tubular damage index(STI)ofdiabetesgroupwashigherthanthatincontrolgroup(5.54±1.5vs0.65±0.15,P<0.05). OxLDL stimulated CD36 expression in NRK-52E cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Conclusion The expression of CD36 was increased in renal tubular of diabetic rats, in consistent with STI. OxLDL increased CD36 expression in NRK-52E cells. These results suggest that the expression of CD36 is associated with renal tubular damages in experimental rat diabetes.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity,and provide evi-dence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,CJFD and Wanfang Database,randomized con-trolled trials(RCT)about the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cochrane 5.1.0. RESULTS:Totally 17 RCTs were enrolled,involv-ing 2 757 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,regardless of Verity Now(VN)detection method [MD=15.43,95%CI(-0.39, 31.25),P=0.06] or vasodilator stimulus phosphoprotein(VASP)detection method [MD=-3.04,95%CI(-8.98,2.90),P=0.32], ticagrelor and prasugrel had the same effects on platelet reactivity under loading dose,the differences were not statistically significant;regardless of VN detection method [MD=-48.94,95%CI(-58.04,-39.84),P<0.001] or VASP detection method [MD=-14.32, 95%CI(-20.45,-8.20),P<0.001],the effects of ticagrelor were better than prasugrel on platelet reactivity under maintenance dose,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:At the loading dose,there was no difference between ticagrelor and prasugrel,but ticagrelor has more benefits than prasugrel under maintenance dose.

Objective To examine the relationship between quetiapine serum concentration,dose,therapeu-tic efficacy and side effects in male patients with schizophrenia.Methods Sixty-three male patients with schizo-phrenia were collected.They were treated openly for 8 weeks with quetiapine,the dose was adjusted according to clini-cal improvement and tolerance.The plasma quetiapine concentrations,therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions were observed after the 4 -week treatment period,and at the end of the 8 weeks of the treatment.Results After 4 weeks,the serum concentration had significant correlation with age,the disease duration and education level.After 8 weeks,there was significant correlation between serum concentration and age.We found a correlation between dose and serum concentration of quetiapine,and no relationship between serum concentration and PANSS scores.Side effects were correlated with 4 weeks′serum concentrations.Conclusion Quetiapine is effective for male patients with schizophrenia.Age,quetiapine dose and side effects have significant correlations with the serum concentration.It appears that plasma quetiapine concentration has no effects on therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To analyze and compare the prothetic effects of reduced glutathione and polyene phosphatidyl choline on liver injury evoked by cyclophosphamide in mice. Methods Forty Kunming mice were divided into the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,the polyene phosphatidyl choline group,and the control group by simple random sampling. Each group comprised 10 mice. The mice in the fornamed 3 groups received intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(100 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1 )to evoke the liver injury on day 1 to 4 of the experiment and 0. 9% sodium chloride solution 0. 2 ml,reduced glutathione 180 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ,and polyene phosphatidyl choline 90 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 were given respectively in the 3 groups on day 5 to 14 of the experiment. The mice in the control group received intraperitoneal injection of same volume of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution on day 1 to 14 of experiment. The body weight of mice in the 4 groups were measured on the first day before intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and the fifteenth day of the experiment. The mice in the 4 groups were executed on the fifteenth day of the experiment. The blood samples were taken from eye pit before the mice were killed and the serum total bilirubin and glutathione levels were measured. Their liver tissue were taken and weighed, and the liver coefficient were calculated. The liver tissue were taken and the activities of alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase (CAT)and the level of malonaldehyde( MDA)in the liver tissue were measured. The morphological changes in the liver tissue in the 4 groups were observed. Results On day 15 of experi-ment,the body weights in mice in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were lower significantly than those in the control group(P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05). The body weights in mice in the reduced glutathione group were higher than those in the liver injury model group(P <0. 05). The liver coefficient in mice in the liver injury model group(5. 74% ± 0. 11% )was higher than that in the control group(4. 68% ± 0. 37% )and the reduced glutathione group(4. 81% ± 0. 19% )(all P <0. 01). The liver coefficient in mice in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group(5. 25% ± 0. 35% )was higher than that in the control group(P < 0. 05). The levels of serum total bilirubin in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group[(129. 8 ± 1. 9), (110. 9 ±1. 3),and(125. 7 ±2. 6)μmol/ L]were higher than those in the control group[(100. 8 ± 3. 0)μmol/ L](all P < 0. 01). The level of serum total bilirubin in mice in the reduced glutathione group was lower than that in the liver injury model group(P < 0. 01). The levels of serum glutathione in mice in the liver injury model group and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group[(50. 5 ± 1. 9)and(55. 9 ± 2. 4)g/ L] were lower than those in the control group and the reduced glutathione group[(73. 8 ± 4. 3)and(71. 3 ± 3. 7)g/ L](all P < 0. 01). The activities of AST,ALT,SOD,and CAT in the liver tissue in mice in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were lower than those in the control group[(144. 5 ± 7. 9),(223. 1 ± 15. 1),(173. 9 ± 5. 3)U/ mg vs.(332. 6 ± 7. 3)U/ mg],[(50. 5 ± 4. 0),(108. 0 ± 8. 0),(62. 3 ± 2. 0)U/ mg vs.(139. 6 ± 7. 0)U/ mg],[(99. 0 ± 9. 7),(165. 0 ± 114. 6),(115. 6 ± 7. 3)U/ mg vs. (207. 6 ± 8. 3)U/ mg],[(35. 4 ± 1. 0),(39. 3 ± 1. 1),(36. 3 ± 1. 2)U/ mg vs.(42. 5 ± 2. 3)U/ mg](all P < 0. 01). The MDA levels in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were higher than those in the control group[(23. 4 ± 2. 6),(16. 3 ± 1. 5),(20. 2 ± 1. 9)nmol/ mg vs.(10. 2 ± 2. 2)nmol/mg](all P < 0. 01). But the levels of above-mentioned four enzymes in the reduced glutathione group were higher than those in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group and the liver injury model group(P < 0. 01 or P< 0. 05),the levels of MDA were lower than those in the polyene phosphatidyl choline and the liver injury model groups(all P < 0. 05). There were many necrotic foci and inflammatory corpuscles in hepatic tissue in mice in the liver injury model group,the structure of hepatocyte was inordinate. The structure of most hepatocytes in the reduced glutathione group was normal,only few necrotic foci were seen. Part of the hepatocytes in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group showed gap increase,swelling,and a few necrotic foci. Conclusions Reduced glutathione has significant repairing effects on liver injury in mice evoked by cyclophosphamide. Polyene phosphatidyl choline can only increase the ALT activity in the model of liver injury evoked by cyclophosphamide in mice.

Objective To analyze and compare the prothetic effects of reduced glutathione and polyene phosphatidyl choline on liver injury evoked by cyclophosphamide in mice. Methods Forty Kunming mice were divided into the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,the polyene phosphatidyl choline group,and the control group by simple random sampling. Each group comprised 10 mice. The mice in the fornamed 3 groups received intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(100 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1 )to evoke the liver injury on day 1 to 4 of the experiment and 0. 9% sodium chloride solution 0. 2 ml,reduced glutathione 180 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ,and polyene phosphatidyl choline 90 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 were given respectively in the 3 groups on day 5 to 14 of the experiment. The mice in the control group received intraperitoneal injection of same volume of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution on day 1 to 14 of experiment. The body weight of mice in the 4 groups were measured on the first day before intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and the fifteenth day of the experiment. The mice in the 4 groups were executed on the fifteenth day of the experiment. The blood samples were taken from eye pit before the mice were killed and the serum total bilirubin and glutathione levels were measured. Their liver tissue were taken and weighed, and the liver coefficient were calculated. The liver tissue were taken and the activities of alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase (CAT)and the level of malonaldehyde( MDA)in the liver tissue were measured. The morphological changes in the liver tissue in the 4 groups were observed. Results On day 15 of experi-ment,the body weights in mice in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were lower significantly than those in the control group(P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05). The body weights in mice in the reduced glutathione group were higher than those in the liver injury model group(P <0. 05). The liver coefficient in mice in the liver injury model group(5. 74% ± 0. 11% )was higher than that in the control group(4. 68% ± 0. 37% )and the reduced glutathione group(4. 81% ± 0. 19% )(all P <0. 01). The liver coefficient in mice in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group(5. 25% ± 0. 35% )was higher than that in the control group(P < 0. 05). The levels of serum total bilirubin in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group[(129. 8 ± 1. 9), (110. 9 ±1. 3),and(125. 7 ±2. 6)μmol/ L]were higher than those in the control group[(100. 8 ± 3. 0)μmol/ L](all P < 0. 01). The level of serum total bilirubin in mice in the reduced glutathione group was lower than that in the liver injury model group(P < 0. 01). The levels of serum glutathione in mice in the liver injury model group and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group[(50. 5 ± 1. 9)and(55. 9 ± 2. 4)g/ L] were lower than those in the control group and the reduced glutathione group[(73. 8 ± 4. 3)and(71. 3 ± 3. 7)g/ L](all P < 0. 01). The activities of AST,ALT,SOD,and CAT in the liver tissue in mice in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were lower than those in the control group[(144. 5 ± 7. 9),(223. 1 ± 15. 1),(173. 9 ± 5. 3)U/ mg vs.(332. 6 ± 7. 3)U/ mg],[(50. 5 ± 4. 0),(108. 0 ± 8. 0),(62. 3 ± 2. 0)U/ mg vs.(139. 6 ± 7. 0)U/ mg],[(99. 0 ± 9. 7),(165. 0 ± 114. 6),(115. 6 ± 7. 3)U/ mg vs. (207. 6 ± 8. 3)U/ mg],[(35. 4 ± 1. 0),(39. 3 ± 1. 1),(36. 3 ± 1. 2)U/ mg vs.(42. 5 ± 2. 3)U/ mg](all P < 0. 01). The MDA levels in the liver injury model group,the reduced glutathione group,and the polyene phosphatidyl choline group were higher than those in the control group[(23. 4 ± 2. 6),(16. 3 ± 1. 5),(20. 2 ± 1. 9)nmol/ mg vs.(10. 2 ± 2. 2)nmol/mg](all P < 0. 01). But the levels of above-mentioned four enzymes in the reduced glutathione group were higher than those in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group and the liver injury model group(P < 0. 01 or P< 0. 05),the levels of MDA were lower than those in the polyene phosphatidyl choline and the liver injury model groups(all P < 0. 05). There were many necrotic foci and inflammatory corpuscles in hepatic tissue in mice in the liver injury model group,the structure of hepatocyte was inordinate. The structure of most hepatocytes in the reduced glutathione group was normal,only few necrotic foci were seen. Part of the hepatocytes in the polyene phosphatidyl choline group showed gap increase,swelling,and a few necrotic foci. Conclusions Reduced glutathione has significant repairing effects on liver injury in mice evoked by cyclophosphamide. Polyene phosphatidyl choline can only increase the ALT activity in the model of liver injury evoked by cyclophosphamide in mice.