Objective:To synthesize hydroxyapatite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HA/PLGA) composites by substituting calcium ions in HA with Cu and Gd ions, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their feasibility for orbital bone defect repair.Methods:Different ratios of Cu-, Gd-, and Cu/Gd-substituted HA nanoparticles (Cu@HA, Gd@HA and Cu/Gd@HA) were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, calcium chloride, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.HA/PLGA, Cu@HA/PLGA, Gd@HA/PLGA, and Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites were prepared.HA/PLGA was prepared by co-preparing different ratios of nanoparticles with PLGA via phase inversion and solvent evaporation.The nanoparticles and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Composite homogeneity was assessed by elemental analysis and the contact angle was measured to evaluate hydrophilicity.Imaging capability of composites was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and their extract.Orbital bone defects model was established in 20 rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, and implanted with respective composites.Eight weeks after transplantation, the implants were evaluated using Micro-CT and MRI, and osteogenesis, collagen distribution and biocompatibility were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson, and Sirius red staining.All animal experiments complied with the regulations of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University and were approved (No.AEE23104).Results:XRD and ESEM results showed that co-doping with Cu/Gd induced less HA lattice distortion than single doping.FT-IR results showed that the nanoparticles doped with Cu and Gd ions were consistent with the HA infrared absorption spectrum.ICP results revealed a higher Ca content in 0.5Cu/Gd@HA and 0.5Cu@HA samples than in 0.5Gd@HA sample.There was a statistically significant overall difference in contact angles among different groups of composites ( F=5.040, P<0.05), among which the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite exhibited the smallest contact angle and the best hydrophilicity.There was no statistically significant difference in porosity among different groups of composites ( F=0.004, P>0.05). MRI results showed that Gd-doped composites displayed enhanced development and that the signal intensity of the 0.5Gd@HA/PLGA group was the highest.Micro-CT scanning results showed that the composition of the composite material doped with Cu and Gd was better than that of the pure HA/PLGA group, indicating that the metal ions Cu and Gd could promote bone growth.CCK-8 results showed that the nanoparticles and their extracts had no obvious cytotoxic effects.Eight weeks after modelling, Micro-CT showed that the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA material degraded well in vivo and the staining results of bone tissue sections in the bone defect area suggested that tissues around the implanted material and rat organs in different groups did not show biological toxicity.In addition, the Gd-doped composites showed good magnetic imaging characteristics when implanted in animals. Conclusions:Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, biosafety, osteogenic potential, and MRI contrast and have good clinical application prospects for orbital bone repair.

Objective:To synthesize hydroxyapatite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HA/PLGA) composites by substituting calcium ions in HA with Cu and Gd ions, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their feasibility for orbital bone defect repair.Methods:Different ratios of Cu-, Gd-, and Cu/Gd-substituted HA nanoparticles (Cu@HA, Gd@HA and Cu/Gd@HA) were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, calcium chloride, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.HA/PLGA, Cu@HA/PLGA, Gd@HA/PLGA, and Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites were prepared.HA/PLGA was prepared by co-preparing different ratios of nanoparticles with PLGA via phase inversion and solvent evaporation.The nanoparticles and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Composite homogeneity was assessed by elemental analysis and the contact angle was measured to evaluate hydrophilicity.Imaging capability of composites was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and their extract.Orbital bone defects model was established in 20 rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, and implanted with respective composites.Eight weeks after transplantation, the implants were evaluated using Micro-CT and MRI, and osteogenesis, collagen distribution and biocompatibility were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson, and Sirius red staining.All animal experiments complied with the regulations of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University and were approved (No.AEE23104).Results:XRD and ESEM results showed that co-doping with Cu/Gd induced less HA lattice distortion than single doping.FT-IR results showed that the nanoparticles doped with Cu and Gd ions were consistent with the HA infrared absorption spectrum.ICP results revealed a higher Ca content in 0.5Cu/Gd@HA and 0.5Cu@HA samples than in 0.5Gd@HA sample.There was a statistically significant overall difference in contact angles among different groups of composites ( F=5.040, P<0.05), among which the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite exhibited the smallest contact angle and the best hydrophilicity.There was no statistically significant difference in porosity among different groups of composites ( F=0.004, P>0.05). MRI results showed that Gd-doped composites displayed enhanced development and that the signal intensity of the 0.5Gd@HA/PLGA group was the highest.Micro-CT scanning results showed that the composition of the composite material doped with Cu and Gd was better than that of the pure HA/PLGA group, indicating that the metal ions Cu and Gd could promote bone growth.CCK-8 results showed that the nanoparticles and their extracts had no obvious cytotoxic effects.Eight weeks after modelling, Micro-CT showed that the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA material degraded well in vivo and the staining results of bone tissue sections in the bone defect area suggested that tissues around the implanted material and rat organs in different groups did not show biological toxicity.In addition, the Gd-doped composites showed good magnetic imaging characteristics when implanted in animals. Conclusions:Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, biosafety, osteogenic potential, and MRI contrast and have good clinical application prospects for orbital bone repair.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hydroxyapatite-magnesium (HA-Mg) glaucoma drainage plate after implantation in rabbit eyes.Methods:Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to HA-Mg drainage implant group and trabeculectomy group using the paired comparison method, with 6 rabbits in each group.The right eyes of rabbits were taken as the experimental eyes, and the left eyes of rabbits were taken as a normal control group.HA-Mg drainage implant group underwent implantation of the HA-Mg drainage plate and the trabeculectomy group underwent trabeculectomy.At 1, 3, and 5 months after surgery, the ocular condition was observed by slit-lamp examination with auxiliary lenses and the fixation of the drainage plate in the anterior chamber and subconjunctiva was measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy.At 5 months after surgery, corneal endothelial cell counts were performed with a corneal endothelial cell counter.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was continuously measured weekly for 21 weeks preoperatively and postoperatively.The flow patency of aqueous humor drainage channel was identified by the injection of trypan blue in anterior chamber.The aqueous humor drainage channels and surrounding tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after HA-Mg drainage plate was completely degraded.This study was in accordance with China Animal Welfare Law and the ARVO Statement on the use of animals for ophthalmic research, and animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Experimental Animals issued by the National Science Council.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No.Kelun Pre-Examination [2021]14).Results:No systemic or ocular side effects were observed in the experimental animals after surgery.All 6 HA-Mg drainage plates were completely degraded about 4 months postoperatively, among which 4 plates were well-fixed and 2 plates had a minimal rotation, and no plate moved into the anterior chamber.At 5 months after surgery, the number of corneal endothelial cells in the HA-Mg drainage implant group and normal control group was 2 535.2±274.4 and 2 521.0±175.8, respectively, and there was no statistical significance between them ( t=0.073, P=0.857).There were statistically significant differences in IOP among the three groups at different time points before and after surgery ( Fgroup=26.409, P<0.001; Ftime=7.843, P<0.001), in which the IOP in trabeculectomy group and normal control group at different time points after surgery was higher than that in HA-Mg drainage implant group, and the IOP in HA-Mg drainage implant group at different time points after surgery was lower than that before surgery (all at P<0.05).The patency test revealed that the trypan blue could still drain from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctiva 5 months after HA-Mg drainage plate implantation.The scleral linear aqueous humor drainage channel and anterior synechia were observed after drainage plate completely degraded 6 months postoperatively, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was seen. Conclusions:After implantation of HA-Mg drainage plate in rabbit eyes, the intraocular pressure can be effectively lowered and the safety is good.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Lamins B2 (LMNB2) on the migration of human retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) cells SW872.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the the differential expression levels of LMNB2 in 33 RPLS tissue samples . The correlation between LMNB2 expression and clinical prognosis and clinicopathological features was analyzed. siRNA was used to lower the expression level of LMNB2 in tumor cells, and the effect of LMNB2 on the scratch healing ability and migration ability of SW872 cells was examined by using wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay. The expression levels of p-AKT and AKT in each group cells were detected by Western blot.Results:Patients with high LMNB2 expression had a lower recurrence-free survival and overall survival compared to those with low LMNB2 expression, and were more likely to experience recurrence, ( χ2=4.872, P=0.027; χ2=4.180, P=0.041; χ2=7.127, P=0.008). The migration ability of cells was significantly reduced following the silencing of LMNB2 expression ( t=11.240, P<0.01; t=7.445, P<0.01). The expression level of p-AKT in the silencing group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while there was no significant difference in the expression level of AKT between the two groups ( t=9.784, P<0.01). Conclusion:LMNB2 may promote the migration of human retroperitoneal liposarcoma cells SW872 by regulating AKT signaling pathway.

Background::Despite the decline in the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC), the impact of demographic transition on the global burden of GC remains unclear. The current study aimed to estimate the global disease burden through 2040 by age, sex, and region.Methods::GC data for incident cases and deaths by age group and sex were taken from The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020. The incidence and mortality rates were predicted through 2040 by fitting a linear regression model over the most recent trend period with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) data.Results::The global population will grow to 9.19 billion by 2040, accompanied by increasing population ageing. The incidence and mortality rates of GC will show a persistent decrease, with an annual percent change of -0.57% for males and -0.65% for females. East Asia and North America will have the highest and lowest age standardized rates, respectively. A slowdown in the growth of incident cases and deaths will be observed worldwide. The proportion of young and middle-aged individuals will decline, while the percentage of the elderly will increase, and the number of males will be almost twice the number of females. East Asia and high human development index (HDI) regions will be heavily burdened by GC. East Asia had 59.85% of the new cases and 56.23% of deaths in 2020; these will increase to 66.93% and 64.37% by 2040, respectively. The interaction between population growth, the change in ageing structure and the decline in incidence and mortality rates will lead to an increased burden of GC.Conclusions::Ageing and population growth will offset the decline in the incidence and mortality rate of GC, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of new cases and deaths. The age structure will continue to change, especially in high HDI regions, requiring more targeted prevention strategies in the future.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of preoperative endovascular embolization of Solid Hemangioblastomas.Methods The data bases including Wan Fang,CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure),VIP Database,PubMed、Medline、Springer were searched for the related studies.Two independent surgeons assessed trails for eligibility and quality,and all data marching the standards were abstracted for Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3.Results 8 randomized controlled trails(RCT)were included.Selected analysis of embolized and non-embolized groups of Solid Hemangioblastomas were observed for variables of clinical efficacy in surgery time,number of blood loss and transfusions,complete resection,there were statistical difference.(P＜0.000 01,WMD=-1.18,95％CI[-1.16,-0.71];P＜0.000 01,WMD=-464.17,95％CI[-492.17,-437.24];P＜0.000 01,WMD=-238.81,95％CI[-282.84,-194.77];P＜0.006,RR=1.17,95％CI[1.05,1.31]).Conclusion The preoperative endovascular embolization is beneficial for Hemangioblastomas because it can shorten the time of surgery,diminish the necessity of intra-operative blood loss and transfusion,it also raises the ratio of complete resection of Solid Hemangioblastomas.

Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 occurred in December 2019, the reduction of population mobility has curbed the spread of the epidemic to some extent but also prolonged the waiting time for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Based on fully understanding the different staging characteristics of gastric cancer, clinical departments should develop reasonable out-of-hospital management strategies. On one hand, reasonable communication channels should be established to allow patients to receive adequate guidance out of the hospital. On the other hand, shared decisions with patients should be made to adjust treatment strategies, and education on viral prevention should be implemented to minimize the impact of the epidemic on tumor treatment.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (yc stage).Methods:Clinic data of 86 locally advanced gastric cancer patients admitted in Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute from April 2015 to November 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Totally 86 patients completed both abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There were 60 males and 26 females, aged (57.8±9.7) years (range: 32 to 76 years). The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound for yc stage were calculated by the area under the multiclass receiver operation characteristic curve (M-AUC), retrospectively. McNemar test was used to compared the diagnostic sensitivity.Results:The M-AUC of ycT stage evaluated by abdominal enhanced CT (CT-ycT stage) and by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-ycT stage) was 0.614 and 0.704, respectively. For middle and lower gastric cancer, the M-AUC of CT-ycT stage was 0.599 and 0.613, respectively, while EUS-ycT stage was 0.558 and 0.709, respectively. For tumor in the lesser and non-lesser curvature, the M-AUC of CT-ycT stage was 0.630 and 0.607, respectively, while EUS-ycT stage was 0.616 and 0.749, respectively. For patients in CT-ycT1-CT-ycT4, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycT stage and EUS-ycT stage (2/18, 2/15, 52.8%(19/36), 8/13 vs. 0, 4/15, 55.6%(20/36), 7/13; χ 2=2.00, P=0.157; χ 2=2.00, P=0.157; χ 2=0.08, P=0.782; χ 2=0.33, P=0.564). The M-AUC of ycN stage evaluated by abdominal enhanced CT (CT-ycN stage) was 0.654, while ycN stage evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-ycN stage) was 0.533. For patients in CT-ycN0, there was statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycN stage and EUS-ycN stage (12.7%(7/55) vs. 5.5%(3/55); χ 2=4.00, P=0.046). For patients in CT-ycN1, N2, and N3, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycN stage and EUS-ycN stage (2/19, 1/10, 0 vs. 1/19, 1/10, 0; χ 2=1.00, P=0.317; the other P cannot be estimated). Conclusions:There was no significant difference between the diagnostic efficacy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound for yc stage of gastric cancer. Considering the invasiveness of ultrasound gastroscopy, it should not be recommend for patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy routinely.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (yc stage).Methods:Clinic data of 86 locally advanced gastric cancer patients admitted in Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute from April 2015 to November 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Totally 86 patients completed both abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There were 60 males and 26 females, aged (57.8±9.7) years (range: 32 to 76 years). The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound for yc stage were calculated by the area under the multiclass receiver operation characteristic curve (M-AUC), retrospectively. McNemar test was used to compared the diagnostic sensitivity.Results:The M-AUC of ycT stage evaluated by abdominal enhanced CT (CT-ycT stage) and by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-ycT stage) was 0.614 and 0.704, respectively. For middle and lower gastric cancer, the M-AUC of CT-ycT stage was 0.599 and 0.613, respectively, while EUS-ycT stage was 0.558 and 0.709, respectively. For tumor in the lesser and non-lesser curvature, the M-AUC of CT-ycT stage was 0.630 and 0.607, respectively, while EUS-ycT stage was 0.616 and 0.749, respectively. For patients in CT-ycT1-CT-ycT4, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycT stage and EUS-ycT stage (2/18, 2/15, 52.8%(19/36), 8/13 vs. 0, 4/15, 55.6%(20/36), 7/13; χ 2=2.00, P=0.157; χ 2=2.00, P=0.157; χ 2=0.08, P=0.782; χ 2=0.33, P=0.564). The M-AUC of ycN stage evaluated by abdominal enhanced CT (CT-ycN stage) was 0.654, while ycN stage evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-ycN stage) was 0.533. For patients in CT-ycN0, there was statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycN stage and EUS-ycN stage (12.7%(7/55) vs. 5.5%(3/55); χ 2=4.00, P=0.046). For patients in CT-ycN1, N2, and N3, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between CT-ycN stage and EUS-ycN stage (2/19, 1/10, 0 vs. 1/19, 1/10, 0; χ 2=1.00, P=0.317; the other P cannot be estimated). Conclusions:There was no significant difference between the diagnostic efficacy of abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopic ultrasound for yc stage of gastric cancer. Considering the invasiveness of ultrasound gastroscopy, it should not be recommend for patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy routinely.

Objective: To study the use of MRCP digital quantitative diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of choledochal cyst type Ic. Methods: The clinical data of 41 patients with choledochal cyst type Ic, 47 patients with distal choledochal obstruction and 43 patients with simple gallbladder stones or polyps who were treated at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, PLA Naval Medical University from January 2010 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The diameters of the common bile duct, the left and the right hepatic ducts were measured and compared. Results: The maximum diameter of the left hepatic duct (LHD), right hepatic duct (RHD) and common bile duct (CBD) were significantly different (all P<0.05) in patients with choledochal cyst type Ic compared to patients with distal choledochal obstruction. The CBD/LHD ratio and CBD/RHD ratio were significantly larger (P<0.05). For patients with choledochal cyst type Ic, when compared with patients with simple gallbladder stones or polyps, the maximum diameter of CBD was significantly larger (P<0.05), but the maximum diameters of LHD and RHD were not significantly different (both P>0.05), while the ratios of CBD/LHD and CBD/RHD were significantly larger (P<0.05). For patients with choledochal cyst type Ic, when compared with patients with simple gallbladder stones or polyps, the maximum diameter of CBD was significantly larger (P<0.05), the maximum diameter of LHD and RHD was also significantly larger (P<0.05), while the ratios of CBD/LHD and CBD/RHD were not significantly different (P>0.05). The proportion of pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) in patients with type Ic choledochal cyst was significantly higher than patients with distal choledochal obstruction and simple gallstone or polyp (P<0.05). Conclusions For patients with choledochal cyst type Ic, their CBD shows obvious dilation, while there is no obvious dilation in LHD and RHD. It is helpful to conduct differential diagnosis of choledochal cyst type Ic by the use of MRCP to observe the presence of PBM and to quantitatively compare the CBD/LHD and CBD/RHD ratios.