BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a severe congenital disorder characterized by vaginal hypoplasia caused by dysplasia of the Müllerian duct. Patients with MRKH syndrome often require nonsurgical or surgical treatment to achieve satisfactory vaginal length and sexual outcomes. The extracellular matrix has been successfully used for vaginal reconstruction. METHODS: In this study, we developed a new biological material derived from porcine vagina (acellular vaginal matrix, AVM) to reconstruct the vagina in Bama miniature pigs. The histological characteristics and efficacy of acellularization of AVM were evaluated, and AVM was subsequently transplanted into Bama miniature pigs to reconstruct the vaginas. RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis showed that the neovaginas functioned well in all Bama miniature pigs with AVM implants. Histological analysis and electrophysiological evidence indicated that morphological and functional recovery was restored in normal vaginal tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the neovaginas had mucosal folds characteristics of normal vagina. No significant differences were observed in the expression of CK14, HSP47, and a-actin between the neovaginas and normal vaginal tissues. However, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was significantly lower in the neovaginas than in normal vaginal tissues. In addition, AVM promoted the expression of b-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that AVM might promotes vaginal regeneration by activating the b-catenin/cMyc/cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION This study reveals that porcine-derived AVM has potential application for vaginal regeneration.

Objective:To compare the modeling effects of anhydrous ethanol chemical injury method and uterine curettage combine uterine lipopolysaccharide indwelling double injury method, and to explore the stability of the models.Methods:Totally 110 SD female rats were randomly divided into normal group ( n=30), dual injury group ( n=40) and alcohol group ( n=40) by using a random number table. In the alcohol group, 95% absolute ethanol was injected into the uterine cavity to damage the endometrium, and in the dual injury group, lipopolysaccharide cotton thread was retained in the uterine cavity for 2 d after uterine curettage, and sham operation was performed in the normal group. After retrieval of the uteri on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-procedure, they were embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned at 5 μm thickness and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin and masson stains. The sections obtained from the samples collected from the above were also used to detect the expression of CD31 (a vascular marker) on the uterine tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. Results:1) Two weeks after operation, the endometrial thickness of the two models were smaller than that of the normal group, and tended to be stable. The thickness of endometrium in alcohol group decreased more significantly than that in dual injury group (all P<0.05). 2) One week post-procedure, the number of endometrial glands in the two models was significantly less than that in the normal group, and it was more obvious in the alcohol group than that in the dual injury group (all P<0.05). 3) The area of endometrial interstitial fibrosis in the model groups were both higher than that in the normal group from one week after operation (all P<0.05), but the fibrosis area in the alcohol group decreased from the 8th week. 4) One week post-procedure, the expression of CD31 in the endometrial stroma of the two models were significantly lower than that in the normal group ( P<0.05), and the decrease in the alcohol group was more obvious than that in the dual injury group (all P<0.05). 5) The comparison of the pregnancy ability and the number of fetal mice between 2-week and 12-week model mice showed that the fertility of the model mice was affected, and the fertility of the alcohol group was more affected than that of the dual injury model group. Conclusion:The two methods can both induce uterine adhesion. Alcohol injury method is simple and economical, but the stability of fibrosis is poor, and the thickness of endometrium, the number of glands and the changes of blood vessels accord with the pathological changes of thin endometrium, which is more suitable for the study of thin endometrial diseases. The dual injury model is close to the clinical injury method, and the model is more stable, which can meet the needs of uterine adhesion related research.

Objective:To compare the modeling effects of anhydrous ethanol chemical injury method and uterine curettage combine uterine lipopolysaccharide indwelling double injury method, and to explore the stability of the models.Methods:Totally 110 SD female rats were randomly divided into normal group ( n=30), dual injury group ( n=40) and alcohol group ( n=40) by using a random number table. In the alcohol group, 95% absolute ethanol was injected into the uterine cavity to damage the endometrium, and in the dual injury group, lipopolysaccharide cotton thread was retained in the uterine cavity for 2 d after uterine curettage, and sham operation was performed in the normal group. After retrieval of the uteri on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-procedure, they were embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned at 5 μm thickness and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin and masson stains. The sections obtained from the samples collected from the above were also used to detect the expression of CD31 (a vascular marker) on the uterine tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. Results:1) Two weeks after operation, the endometrial thickness of the two models were smaller than that of the normal group, and tended to be stable. The thickness of endometrium in alcohol group decreased more significantly than that in dual injury group (all P<0.05). 2) One week post-procedure, the number of endometrial glands in the two models was significantly less than that in the normal group, and it was more obvious in the alcohol group than that in the dual injury group (all P<0.05). 3) The area of endometrial interstitial fibrosis in the model groups were both higher than that in the normal group from one week after operation (all P<0.05), but the fibrosis area in the alcohol group decreased from the 8th week. 4) One week post-procedure, the expression of CD31 in the endometrial stroma of the two models were significantly lower than that in the normal group ( P<0.05), and the decrease in the alcohol group was more obvious than that in the dual injury group (all P<0.05). 5) The comparison of the pregnancy ability and the number of fetal mice between 2-week and 12-week model mice showed that the fertility of the model mice was affected, and the fertility of the alcohol group was more affected than that of the dual injury model group. Conclusion:The two methods can both induce uterine adhesion. Alcohol injury method is simple and economical, but the stability of fibrosis is poor, and the thickness of endometrium, the number of glands and the changes of blood vessels accord with the pathological changes of thin endometrium, which is more suitable for the study of thin endometrial diseases. The dual injury model is close to the clinical injury method, and the model is more stable, which can meet the needs of uterine adhesion related research.

The National Medical Licensing Examination has become one of the most important indicator s to measure the teaching quality of medical colleges and universities. In this paper, by analyzing the status of pathophysiology in National Medical Licensing Examination and the current problems existing in pathophysiology teaching, the author proposed a scheme of reform in the pathophysiology teaching based on Medical Licensing Examination, including changing teaching idea, optimizing teaching content, reforming teaching means and adjusting the assessment methods . This reform aims to make the pathophysiology teaching really serve the needs of clinical application.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of LQC on the immune function of B lymphocytes and NK lymphocytes in mouse with impaired immune function. Methods Mice with impaired immune function led by Cyclophosphamide (Cy)were used as experimental animmals, and divided into five groups randomly, twelve mice in every group, which is NS control group, Cy control group, Cy+ LQC minor and major dose group, and Cy + LQC decoction group. NS control group was given NS 0.2 ml/d subcutaneously 10 d, and the rest groups were given Cy 0.8 ml/d subcutaneously (20 mg/kg · d-1) 10d, to establish a mouse model of immune dysfunction. Since the 11th day each group was given NS, Cy, LQC minor dose, major dose and fructus ligustri lucidi decoctoin. Mice of each group were killed after 7 days. The percentage of B lymphocytes (CD3 - CD19 + ) and NK lymphocytes (CD3 - CD 16 + CD56 + ) in the peripheral blood of the experimental mice were detected by flow cytometer. ResultsIn comparison with LQC major dose group [ (20.44± 1.78)and(19.12± 1.70) ], fructus ligustri lucidi group[ (19.90± 1.42) and (20.17± 1.66) ], CD3-CD19+and CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells of LQC minor dose group[ (11.54±0.98) and (12.46±0.08)]were decreased significantly (P＜0.01), which were increased significantly compared with Cy group[ (4.53± 1.70) and (5.03 ±1.22) ] (P＜ 0.01), but they had no significant difference with NS [ ( 11.84 ± 0.99) and ( 12.90± 0.28) ] (P ＞ 0.05).In comparison with Cy group and NS group, CD3-CD19+ and CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells of LQC major dose group were increased significantly (P＜0.01), which had no significant difference with fructus lignstri lucidi group (P＞0.05). Conclusion The immune functions of the mice with impaired immune function were improved by LQC, it also could increase the quantity ofCD3-CD19+ cell and CD3-CD16+CD56+ cell. The dose of LQC was positively correlated with the modulation effect of LQC on the immune function.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Huangqin Zhengqi Capsule(HZC)for the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao.Methods The rat model of damp retention in middle-jiao was established according to the literature.HZC was administered by gastric gavage in the dosage of 0.175,0.350 and 0.700 g/kg.After treatment,the serum gastrin content,small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose,small intestinal peristalsis,activities of gastric mucosal protective factors such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase(CAT)as well as gastric pathologic changes were observed.Results HZC can obviously increase serum gastrin content,increase small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose and peristalsis of small intestine,increase the activities of SOD and CAT,as well as improve the gastric pathologic changes in model rats(P