Objective Investigating the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on cardiac function in exercise-induced fatigue rats by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague Dawley rats(6～8 weeks old)were selected and divided randomly into a blank control(C)group,resveratrol administration(R)group,exercise-induced fatigue(E)group,and exercise-induced fatigue+resveratrol administration group(ER)(n=12 rats per group).Rats in the E and ER groups were subjected to weight-bearing 5％of their body weight for 60 minutes each day and exercise for 6 days per week for 6 weeks.Rats in the R and ER groups received resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage,1 hour after exercise.The biochemical kit was used to detect the indicators of motor fatigue,myocardial injury and mitochondrial energy metabolism enzymes in rat myocardium.The mRNA expression levels of myocardial energy metabolism related regulatory factors were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Results Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatine kinase(CK)were significantly increased in rats in group E compared with group C(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),CK-MB and cTnI activity were also significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),while activity levels of myocardial cytochrome C oxidase(COX)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)were significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).mRNA expression levels of the mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α(PGC-1α),and estrogen receptor-related receptor α(ERRα)were also significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Serum levels of BUN and CK were significantly decreased in the ER group compared with group E(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),while CK-MB and cTnI activities were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),myocardial COX and SDH activities were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and SIRT1,PGC-1α and ERRα mRNA levels were also significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Conclusions Resveratrol can effectively activate the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α/estrogen-related receptor α signaling pathway,improve myocardial energy metabolism in exercise-fatigued rats,and protect against myocardial injury.

The role of osteoblast(OB)autophagy in regulating bone metabolism is a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine.OB autophagy can regulate osteoporosis(OP)induced by aging,oxidative stress,estrogen deficiency,and glucocorticoids(GCs)by mediating factors such as run and cysteine rich domain containing Beclin-1 interacting protein(RUBCN),silent information regulator of transcription 1(SIRT1),and osteoprotegerin(OPG).OB autophagy can also regulate OP by activating notch receptor(Notch)and forkhead box protein O subfamily(FoxO),up-regulating the expression of osteogenic transcription factors(such as Runx2 and Osterix),and mediating the amp-activated protein kinase(AMPK),mammalian target of rapamycin complex(mTOR),Wnt,and c-Jun n terminal kinase(JNK)pathways to act on OB and osteoclast(OC)differentiation.Exercise is an important means of improving OP,and its molecular mechanism is closely related to the up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K),adenosine monophosphate(AMP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and SIRT1 expression.These in turn activate key factors or pathways(including AMPK,mTOR,Wnt,PI3K/protein kinase B(Akt)/mTOR,and nuclear transcription factor-KB(NF-κB)),regulate the expression of downstream target genes(β-catenin,mTOR,FoxO3a and B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2))to up-regulate the expression of autophagy factors(Beclin-1,autophagy related genes(ATG),and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)),and promote OB autophagy to restore the dynamic balance in the body,thereby regulating bone formation and bone resorption and improving OP.The relationships among exercise,OB autophagy and OP,however,remain unclear and there is currently a lack of systematic reviews.Here we review and analyze the mechanism of OB autophagy in relation to exercise-induced improvements in OP,and provide a new theoretical basis and research ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.

The role of osteoblast(OB)autophagy in regulating bone metabolism is a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine.OB autophagy can regulate osteoporosis(OP)induced by aging,oxidative stress,estrogen deficiency,and glucocorticoids(GCs)by mediating factors such as run and cysteine rich domain containing Beclin-1 interacting protein(RUBCN),silent information regulator of transcription 1(SIRT1),and osteoprotegerin(OPG).OB autophagy can also regulate OP by activating notch receptor(Notch)and forkhead box protein O subfamily(FoxO),up-regulating the expression of osteogenic transcription factors(such as Runx2 and Osterix),and mediating the amp-activated protein kinase(AMPK),mammalian target of rapamycin complex(mTOR),Wnt,and c-Jun n terminal kinase(JNK)pathways to act on OB and osteoclast(OC)differentiation.Exercise is an important means of improving OP,and its molecular mechanism is closely related to the up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K),adenosine monophosphate(AMP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and SIRT1 expression.These in turn activate key factors or pathways(including AMPK,mTOR,Wnt,PI3K/protein kinase B(Akt)/mTOR,and nuclear transcription factor-KB(NF-κB)),regulate the expression of downstream target genes(β-catenin,mTOR,FoxO3a and B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2))to up-regulate the expression of autophagy factors(Beclin-1,autophagy related genes(ATG),and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)),and promote OB autophagy to restore the dynamic balance in the body,thereby regulating bone formation and bone resorption and improving OP.The relationships among exercise,OB autophagy and OP,however,remain unclear and there is currently a lack of systematic reviews.Here we review and analyze the mechanism of OB autophagy in relation to exercise-induced improvements in OP,and provide a new theoretical basis and research ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.

Objective Investigating the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on cardiac function in exercise-induced fatigue rats by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague Dawley rats(6～8 weeks old)were selected and divided randomly into a blank control(C)group,resveratrol administration(R)group,exercise-induced fatigue(E)group,and exercise-induced fatigue+resveratrol administration group(ER)(n=12 rats per group).Rats in the E and ER groups were subjected to weight-bearing 5％of their body weight for 60 minutes each day and exercise for 6 days per week for 6 weeks.Rats in the R and ER groups received resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage,1 hour after exercise.The biochemical kit was used to detect the indicators of motor fatigue,myocardial injury and mitochondrial energy metabolism enzymes in rat myocardium.The mRNA expression levels of myocardial energy metabolism related regulatory factors were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Results Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatine kinase(CK)were significantly increased in rats in group E compared with group C(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),CK-MB and cTnI activity were also significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),while activity levels of myocardial cytochrome C oxidase(COX)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)were significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).mRNA expression levels of the mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α(PGC-1α),and estrogen receptor-related receptor α(ERRα)were also significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Serum levels of BUN and CK were significantly decreased in the ER group compared with group E(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),while CK-MB and cTnI activities were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),myocardial COX and SDH activities were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and SIRT1,PGC-1α and ERRα mRNA levels were also significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Conclusions Resveratrol can effectively activate the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α/estrogen-related receptor α signaling pathway,improve myocardial energy metabolism in exercise-fatigued rats,and protect against myocardial injury.

Research on the mechanisms of depression is currently a focus of the field of neuroscience.The degeneration of brain plasticity(e.g.,decrease in volume,structural degradation,and functional disorder of the hippocampus,PFC,and CG)leads to depression.Exercise is an important means of improving the symptoms of depression.Current research confirms the importance of improving the volume,structure,and function of the hippocampus,PFC,and CG,in this process,but related research has focused solely on changes to the volume of certain brain regions or connectivity functions.Thus,we lack a comprehensive understanding of the antidepressant mechanisms that improve brain plasticity with exercise.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the roles of brain plasticity in the occurrence of depression and improvements to depression through exercise,promoting a more comprehensive understanding the role of brain plasticity in depression.We also provide new ideas for exercise intervention in depression.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a highly complex neurodegenerative disease,and its pathogenesis is influenced by DNA methylation,histone modification,and non-coding RNA.Research on Parkinson's brain tissue and blood has shown that changes in DNA methylation/histone modification levels and variations in ncRNA and its target genes may trigger neurodegeneration changes in the brain and serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for PD.Exercise can ameliorate the neurodegenerative diseases caused by aging and PD by reversing epigenetic changes.This article reviews the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of PD,explores the benefits of exercise,and provides a theoretical reference for research into improving PD by regulating epigenetics through exercise.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a highly complex neurodegenerative disease,and its pathogenesis is influenced by DNA methylation,histone modification,and non-coding RNA.Research on Parkinson's brain tissue and blood has shown that changes in DNA methylation/histone modification levels and variations in ncRNA and its target genes may trigger neurodegeneration changes in the brain and serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for PD.Exercise can ameliorate the neurodegenerative diseases caused by aging and PD by reversing epigenetic changes.This article reviews the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of PD,explores the benefits of exercise,and provides a theoretical reference for research into improving PD by regulating epigenetics through exercise.

Abstract Teen E sports and their negative impact should not be underestimated. The effects of gaming, as an emerging sport, should be examined to determine whether it plays an active role in contributing to the onset of adolescent depression. Therefore, this study outlines the development status of E sports, analyzes the influence of E sports on adolescent depression, and highlights the hidden concerns that E sports pose for the mental health development of adolescents. While taking into account the advantages of E sports and exercise intervention programs, an emphasis should be placed on the prevention of depression, and feasible suggestions and countermeasures should be put forward to promote E sports, while at the same time safeguarding the healthy and orderly development of adolescent mental health.

Objective: To evaluate the shoulder function in patients after repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular flap. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 56 patients (54 males, 2 females, aged 35-74 years old) who received the repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular flaps at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University in January 2013-December 2020. The areas and types of flaps, disruption or infections of the incision at the donor sites and other postoperative complications were recorded. Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH) was used for evaluating the shoulder functions in 43 patients conforming to the standard for evaluation of the clinical functions of shoulders and upper limbs, to compare the postoperative upper limb functions between patients treated with clavicular flaps and patients with acromion flaps. Meanwhile, 30 patients who received bilateral neck lymph node dissection over the same period of time were selected for a comparative evaluation of the donor sides (observation group) and the opposite sides (control group). Data were processed with SPSS 22.0. Results: The areas of obtained supraclavicular flaps were (4-10) cm × (10-18) cm. Three patients (5%) showed the defect widths of 8-10 cm at the donor sites, which couldn't be sutured directly, received the repair of their shoulder defects with partial flaps. Defects in other patients were sutured directly. After surgery, 3 patients (5%) suffered from disruption of the acromion incision, which healed after 2 weeks of local dressing. The follow-up time was 6-43 (27±14) months. All patients expressed no dissatisfaction with the appearance. Among 43 patients, 28 (65%) were clavicular type and 15 (35%) were acromion type. The acromion type showed average motor ability and Quick-DASH scores higher than the clavicular type [(average motor ability: (14.4±4.7) vs. (11.8±3.1), t=2.105, P=0.048; Quick-DASH: (16.9±11.6) vs. (12.2±7.1), t=2.284, P=0.033]. Among 30 patients who received bilateral neck lymph node dissection over the same period of time, the observation group showed higher average motor ability, local symptoms and Quick-DASH scores than the control group [average motor ability: (13.4±5.8) vs. (9.8±4.2), t=3.024, P=0.004; average local symptoms: (4.1±1.0) vs. (3.4±1.0), t=2.537, P=0.014; Quick-DASH: (15.6±14.7) vs. (5.2±11.1), t=3.106, P=0.003]. Conclusion: Shoulder dysfunction exists after treatment with supraclavicular flap, which is related to the flap type.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder/surgery* ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effect of using cluster nursing measures on expectoration in mechanical ventilation patients after craniocerebral operation. Methods Convenient sampling and controlled trials at not the same period were used. Sixty-seven mechanical ventilation patients after craniocerebral operation were selected as the research objects in Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the First Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College. Thirty-two patients treated from June 2015 to June 2016 were assigned in the control group, and they were given routine respiratory nursing care; 35 patients admitted and treated from July 2006 to July 2017 were included in the intervention group, and they were given evidence-based cluster nursing intervention measures on the basis of routine care. The differences in expectoration effect, arterial blood gas analysis index, incidence of pulmonary infection and prognosis of patients in two groups were compared. Results Compared with control group, the amount of expectoration in the intervention group was significantly increased (mL/d: 49.69±9.45 vs. 33.72±10.63, P < 0.05), while the daily number of sputum suction (times: 21.57±2.31 vs. 28.76±22.66), the time needed for each sputum suction(s: 6.81±1.74 vs. 9.28±2.52), respiratory frequency (bpm: 26.26±1.83 vs. 28.58±1.36), incidence of pulmonary infection [0 vs. 12.5% (4/32)], time of mechanical ventilation (days: 6.37±2.51 vs. 8.92±3.32), time of ICU stay (days: 7.49±3.87 vs. 10.33±2.12), time of hospital stay (days: 10.31±1.99 vs. 14.56±3.57), fatality rate [8.6% (3/35) vs. 21.9% (7/32)] in the intervention group were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05); after treatment the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and pulse oxygen saturation degree (SpO2) were significantly increased than those before treatment, and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was significantly decreased than that before treatment, and the degrees of improvement in the intervention group on 5 days were significantly better than those in the control group [PaO2(mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 60.89±3.44 vs. 57.34±2.49, PaCO2(mmHg): 41.06±4.32 vs. 45.22±4.78, SpO2: 0.986±0.030 vs. 0.963±0.023, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion The cluster nursing measures can effectively improve the expectoration effect for mechanical ventilation patients after craniocerebral surgery, reduce the mortality and incidence of pulmonary infection, shorten the stay in ICU and improve the prognosis, suggesting that the measures be worthy to be applied widely in clinics.