OBJECTIVE To analyze the dynamic changes of inhalant allergen sensitization profiles in patients with allergic rhinitis,asthma and allergic rhinitis combined with asthma in the Beijing area.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients with allergic rhinitis,asthma,and allergic rhinitis combined with asthma who visited the Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from January 2021 to December 2024.All patients underwent skin prick tests for 27 inhalant allergens.RESULTS A total of 28 454 patients were included.The overall positive rate of SPT was 74.21%,with the highest positive rate in the 10-14 age group(84.09%).Spring pollen and summer-autumn pollen were the main allergens,with higher positive rates than dust mites and molds(P<0.05).Juniperus chinensis was the main sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis,while in patients with allergic rhinitis combined with asthma,sensitization to weeds such as Chenopodium album,Humulus scandens,and Artemisia sieversiana were more common.In recent years,the positive rates of sensitization to spring pollen,summer-autumn pollen,and molds all showed an upward trend(P<0.05),with the most significant increase in molds.CONCLUSION In the Beijing area,pollen,dust mites and mold are the main allergens in spring and autumn.In recent years,the sensitization rates of Juniperus chinensis and Artemisia sieversiana pollen have decreased,but the positive rate of mold sensitization has been on the rise,which still needs to be taken seriously.

To investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGp)on testicu-lar injury induced by D-galactose(D-gal)in aging rats,male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the blank control group(Control),aging model group(Model),positive control group(β-nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN),low dose LbGp group(LLbGp),medium dose LbGp group(MLbGp)and high dose LbGp group(HLbGp).The testicular mass of rats was counted,the morphological changes of testicular tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the testicular senescence was detected by β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,and the levels of testos-terone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)in serum were de-tected.The levels of oxidative factors such as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT)and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in rat tissues were measured.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of testicular cells,epididymal sperm quality,and the expression of Keap1,Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the Model group,the testicular coefficient of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide rats in MLbGp and HLbGp groups increased(P＜0.01),the level of T in serum and sperm quality increased(P＜0.05),the structural degeneration and aging of testicular tissue decreased(P＜0.01),the level of antioxidant factors increased,and the levels of inflammatory factors and apopto-sis decreased(P＜0.05).The expression of Keap1 decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while the ex-pression of Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA increased(P＜0.05).The above results indicate that Lycium barbarum glycopeptide can improve D-gal-induced testicular senescence,attenuate oxidative stress,reduce inflammatory response,decrease apoptosis,and exert a protective effect on testicular injury in rats due to senescence through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of anonymous online dating and related factors of not being tested for HIV among men who have sex with men and to provide the basis for developing targeted HIV prevention strategies and intervention measures.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design, respondents were recruited with the assistance of MSM social organizations from April to July 2023 in eight cities in Shandong Province. Snowball sampling, activity venues, and networks were employed, targeting a sample size of 400 people per city. A face-to-face questionnaire survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, sexual intercourse, and online informed dating. Blood samples were also collected for HIV and syphilis antibody testing.Results:In the past six months, 2 787 MSM sought homosexual partners through the Internet, and 78.26% (2 181/2 787) chose to make anonymous online dating. Before having homosexual sex with online sexual partners, 10.41% (290/2 787) of them did not ask each other about HIV infection status and 33.37% (930/2 787) of them not being tested for HIV. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, household registration, education level, sexual orientation, ways to find male sexual partners, not asking online sexual partners about their HIV status before sexual intercourse, no mutual HIV testing with online sexual partners before sexual intercourse, and syphilis antibody between anonymous and non-anonymous online dating persons (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that <25 years old (a OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.77) and ≥35 years old age group (a OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.29-2.01), people with no AIDS knowledge (a OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.25-4.49), drug users (a OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.63), online dating anonymous (a OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.76-2.73), HIV antibody positive (a OR=3.61, 95% CI: 2.22-5.88) and no intervention services in the last 1 year (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.38) were the related factors of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through online dating. Conclusions:The phenomenon of anonymous online dating was common among MSM in Shandong Province, and the proportion of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through anonymous online dating was relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health publicity and promote informed dating in MSM.

Objective This study aims to observe the impact of warm moxibustion on menstrual pain in college students with primary dysmenorrhea and explore its potential mechanism.Methods College students with primary dysmenorrhea were recruited and treated with warm moxibustion at Shenque acupoint for three consecutive menstrual cycles.Healthy subjects were also recruited for comparison.Pain scale,uterine artery hemodynamics,and related inflammatory factors were assessed before and after treatment.Results ①The results of scale study showed that the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea were gradually alleviated with the prolongation of treatment time through the analysis of variance of repeated measurements of the total scores of McGill pain inquiry scale and CMSS dysmenorrhea symptom scale before and after 3 treatments.The results of variance analysis and pairwise comparison of repeated measurements of PRI,VAS and PPI of McGill pain inquiry scale before and after 3 times treatment in warm moxibustion group also showed that each index decreased gradually with the prolongation of treatment time.The comparison of the scores of each item of CMSS scale showed that the severity and duration of low back before treatment were significantly different from those in the healthy group(P<0.001),but the difference was weakened after the third treatment.The severity of vomiting,the duration of vomiting,the severity of diarrhea and the duration of diarrhea were significantly different from those in the healthy group before treatment(P<0.001),but they were still higher than those in the healthy group after the third treatment.but the difference was not statistically significant.②Prior to treatment,PD college students exhibited significantly higher S/D and PI values on both sides compared to healthy subjects,with a statistically significant difference observed for PI on the left side(P<0.001).Following treatment,all aforementioned indexes decreased significantly,particularly PI on the left side which showed a significant difference from pre-treatment levels(P<0.001).③Before treatment,the levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP in PD college students were significantly higher compared to those in the healthy group.The difference in IL-1β level was statistically significant(P<0.001).After treatment,there was a noticeable decrease in the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,and CRP.Specifically,IL-1β showed a significant reduction(P<0.01),and this time the comparison with the healthy group did not reveal any significant difference in IL-1β levels.Conclusion The application of warm moxibustion at the Shenque acupoint demonstrates a significant improvement in both the dysmenorrhea pain rating index and severity among college students with primary dysmenorrhea,while also alleviating the severity and duration of associated symptoms.These positive effects may be attributed to warm moxibustion's ability to enhance uterine microcirculation in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea,and ameliorating inflammatory conditions.

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the quality of adverse drug reaction （ADR） reports in clinical departments or ward （hereinafter referred to as “department”） based on game theory combinatorial weighting-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）-rank-sum ratio （RSR） method， providing a reference for the further standardization of ADR reporting. METHODS Based on relevant documents and scoring criteria， the ADR report quality evaluation standards previously developed by our team were modified. Using game theory principles， the fusion of subjective and objective weights for each indicator was determined. A game theory combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS-RSR model was developed to evaluate and categorize the quality of raw ADR reports submitted by departments to the pharmacy department at Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University. RESULTS A total of 222 ADR reports from 23 departments were included. The game theory combinatorial weighting method identifies weak points in management， such as ADR symptoms and signs， the description of underlying diseases， timing of ADR， by optimizing the weightings of the indicators. The TOPSIS-RSR method calculates that the mean relative closeness of the departments was 0.401 7， indicating that the overall report quality ranged from moderate to substandard. 20095） Three departments， including neurosurgery， demonstrated medium reporting quality [estinate closeness （Ĉ）i ≥0.506]， while two departments， such as the respiratory department，were rated as unqualified （Ĉi＜0.278）. The remaining departments were all deemed qualified （0.278≤ Ĉi＜0.506）. CONCLUSIONS The developed game theory combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS-RSR method provides an effective approach for the quality evaluation of ADR reports， which not only balances subjective and objective weights but also facilitates comparisons among different departments. There is still room for improvement in the ADR report quality at the hospital.

Objective:To establish a quality control method for Aiye standard decoction.Methods:The ultra performance liquid chromatogrphy (UPLC) column Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm) was used to gradient elution by acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction fingerprints were established by UPLC and the common peaks were determined in the fingerprints. The contents of 12 components were determined. The 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction were analyzed by similarity calculation, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for analysis of differential components of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins.Results:A total of 13 common peaks were marked in the fingerprints of 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction, 12 of which were identified by comparison with reference substance, including chlorogenic acid, sochlorogenic acid A, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid,1,3-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, schaftoside, isochlorogenic acid B,1,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, jaceosidin and eupatilin. Similarity evaluation, PCA and HCA all classified the 16 batches of Aiye standard decoction into 2 categories. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis screened 5 differential biomarkers from 13 common peaks. The content determination results showed that the phenolic compounds and flavonoids in samples from Hubei were significantly higher than that in samples from other areas.Conclusion:This method can effectively analyze the differences in the quality of Aiye standard decoction from different origins, and provide reference for the formulation of quality standards for Aiye standard decoction and related preparations.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of triterpenes and nucleosides in Poria based on HPLC; To accurately determine the various bioactive components in Poria.Methods:Similarity evaluation, clustering analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the similarities and differences of different medicinal parts of Poria, and the key chromatographic peaks that could reflect the characteristics were found.Results:The Poricoic acid A and dehydroeburiconic acid could be used as the identification basis for Poriae Cutis and White Poria; at the same time, Polyporenic acid C, dehydropachymic acid and dehydrotrametenolic acid could be used to evaluate Rubra Poria and Poriae Cutis; uridine, guanosine and adenosine may be essential ingredients for evaluating the quality of White Poria, Poriae Cutis and Rubra Poria. In different medicinal parts of Poria, the triterpenes were showed significant differences; by contrary, there were little differences among the same medicinal parts.Conclusion:This study reveals the quality differences between different medicinal parts of Poria, which can provide a scientific basis for the rational application and pharmacodynamic standardization of Poria.

To investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGp)on testicu-lar injury induced by D-galactose(D-gal)in aging rats,male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the blank control group(Control),aging model group(Model),positive control group(β-nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN),low dose LbGp group(LLbGp),medium dose LbGp group(MLbGp)and high dose LbGp group(HLbGp).The testicular mass of rats was counted,the morphological changes of testicular tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the testicular senescence was detected by β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,and the levels of testos-terone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)in serum were de-tected.The levels of oxidative factors such as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT)and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in rat tissues were measured.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of testicular cells,epididymal sperm quality,and the expression of Keap1,Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the Model group,the testicular coefficient of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide rats in MLbGp and HLbGp groups increased(P＜0.01),the level of T in serum and sperm quality increased(P＜0.05),the structural degeneration and aging of testicular tissue decreased(P＜0.01),the level of antioxidant factors increased,and the levels of inflammatory factors and apopto-sis decreased(P＜0.05).The expression of Keap1 decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while the ex-pression of Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA increased(P＜0.05).The above results indicate that Lycium barbarum glycopeptide can improve D-gal-induced testicular senescence,attenuate oxidative stress,reduce inflammatory response,decrease apoptosis,and exert a protective effect on testicular injury in rats due to senescence through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of anonymous online dating and related factors of not being tested for HIV among men who have sex with men and to provide the basis for developing targeted HIV prevention strategies and intervention measures.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design, respondents were recruited with the assistance of MSM social organizations from April to July 2023 in eight cities in Shandong Province. Snowball sampling, activity venues, and networks were employed, targeting a sample size of 400 people per city. A face-to-face questionnaire survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, sexual intercourse, and online informed dating. Blood samples were also collected for HIV and syphilis antibody testing.Results:In the past six months, 2 787 MSM sought homosexual partners through the Internet, and 78.26% (2 181/2 787) chose to make anonymous online dating. Before having homosexual sex with online sexual partners, 10.41% (290/2 787) of them did not ask each other about HIV infection status and 33.37% (930/2 787) of them not being tested for HIV. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, household registration, education level, sexual orientation, ways to find male sexual partners, not asking online sexual partners about their HIV status before sexual intercourse, no mutual HIV testing with online sexual partners before sexual intercourse, and syphilis antibody between anonymous and non-anonymous online dating persons (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that <25 years old (a OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.77) and ≥35 years old age group (a OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.29-2.01), people with no AIDS knowledge (a OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.25-4.49), drug users (a OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.63), online dating anonymous (a OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.76-2.73), HIV antibody positive (a OR=3.61, 95% CI: 2.22-5.88) and no intervention services in the last 1 year (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.38) were the related factors of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through online dating. Conclusions:The phenomenon of anonymous online dating was common among MSM in Shandong Province, and the proportion of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through anonymous online dating was relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health publicity and promote informed dating in MSM.

Nucleic acid aptamers are short oligonucleotide sequences that can specifically bind to target substances with affinity comparable to or even better than protein antibodies.Due to their advantages of low cost,ease of modification,and low immunogenicity,aptamers have shown great potential in early cancer screening,diagnosis and targeted therapy.This paper systematically re-views the latest research progress on nucleic acid aptamers in immunotherapy,gene therapy,and drug delivery,discusses the current status and technical challenges of aptamers in cancer therapy and outlines future research directions.