Objective:To analyze the characteristics of anonymous online dating and related factors of not being tested for HIV among men who have sex with men and to provide the basis for developing targeted HIV prevention strategies and intervention measures.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design, respondents were recruited with the assistance of MSM social organizations from April to July 2023 in eight cities in Shandong Province. Snowball sampling, activity venues, and networks were employed, targeting a sample size of 400 people per city. A face-to-face questionnaire survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, sexual intercourse, and online informed dating. Blood samples were also collected for HIV and syphilis antibody testing.Results:In the past six months, 2 787 MSM sought homosexual partners through the Internet, and 78.26% (2 181/2 787) chose to make anonymous online dating. Before having homosexual sex with online sexual partners, 10.41% (290/2 787) of them did not ask each other about HIV infection status and 33.37% (930/2 787) of them not being tested for HIV. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, household registration, education level, sexual orientation, ways to find male sexual partners, not asking online sexual partners about their HIV status before sexual intercourse, no mutual HIV testing with online sexual partners before sexual intercourse, and syphilis antibody between anonymous and non-anonymous online dating persons (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that <25 years old (a OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.77) and ≥35 years old age group (a OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.29-2.01), people with no AIDS knowledge (a OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.25-4.49), drug users (a OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.63), online dating anonymous (a OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.76-2.73), HIV antibody positive (a OR=3.61, 95% CI: 2.22-5.88) and no intervention services in the last 1 year (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.38) were the related factors of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through online dating. Conclusions:The phenomenon of anonymous online dating was common among MSM in Shandong Province, and the proportion of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through anonymous online dating was relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health publicity and promote informed dating in MSM.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of anonymous online dating and related factors of not being tested for HIV among men who have sex with men and to provide the basis for developing targeted HIV prevention strategies and intervention measures.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design, respondents were recruited with the assistance of MSM social organizations from April to July 2023 in eight cities in Shandong Province. Snowball sampling, activity venues, and networks were employed, targeting a sample size of 400 people per city. A face-to-face questionnaire survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, sexual intercourse, and online informed dating. Blood samples were also collected for HIV and syphilis antibody testing.Results:In the past six months, 2 787 MSM sought homosexual partners through the Internet, and 78.26% (2 181/2 787) chose to make anonymous online dating. Before having homosexual sex with online sexual partners, 10.41% (290/2 787) of them did not ask each other about HIV infection status and 33.37% (930/2 787) of them not being tested for HIV. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, household registration, education level, sexual orientation, ways to find male sexual partners, not asking online sexual partners about their HIV status before sexual intercourse, no mutual HIV testing with online sexual partners before sexual intercourse, and syphilis antibody between anonymous and non-anonymous online dating persons (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that <25 years old (a OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.77) and ≥35 years old age group (a OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.29-2.01), people with no AIDS knowledge (a OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.25-4.49), drug users (a OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.63), online dating anonymous (a OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.76-2.73), HIV antibody positive (a OR=3.61, 95% CI: 2.22-5.88) and no intervention services in the last 1 year (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.38) were the related factors of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through online dating. Conclusions:The phenomenon of anonymous online dating was common among MSM in Shandong Province, and the proportion of MSM not being tested for HIV before having sexual intercourse through anonymous online dating was relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health publicity and promote informed dating in MSM.

Objectives:To understand the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, and provide reference for the promotion of PrEP and PEP in MSM.Methods:From April to July in 2022, MSM were recruited from 7 sentinel surveillance sites in Shandong Province for a questionnaire survey, and the sample size of each city site was 400. The information about sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, the uses of PrEP and PEP and others were collected from the MSM, and blood samples were collected from them for HIV and syphilis testing.Results:A total of 2 815 MSM were investigated, the majority of them were aged less than 30 years (55.7%, 1 569/2 815), unmarried (68.6%, 1 931/2 815) and had education background of college and above (56.5%, 1 590/2 815). Only 9.2% (258/2 815) had used PrEP and 10.8% (305/2 815) had used PEP. Multivariate logistic regression showed that factors associated with high likelihood of PrEP use in MSM included age ≤30 years (a OR=4.04, 95% CI:1.25-13.01), self-perceived lower risk of HIV infection (a OR=1.76, 95% CI:1.16-2.68), group sex and commercial sex in the past six months (a OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.09; a OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.16-2.47), new-type drug use (a OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.11-2.11), receiving peer education (a OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.03-2.37), other people using PrEP (a OR=3.29, 95% CI: 2.48-4.36), and being HIV negative (a OR=8.40, 95% CI:1.12-63.12). Factor associated with low likelihood of PrEP use in MSM was anal sex with casual partner (a OR=0.67, 95% CI:0.49-0.90). Factors associated with high likelihood of PEP use in MSM included age under 50 years (≤30 years old: a OR=2.41, 95% CI:1.02-5.69; 31-49 years old: a OR=3.33, 95% CI:1.42-7.85), no self-perceived risk for HIV infection (a OR=1.87, 95% CI:1.12-3.11), group sex in the past six months (a OR=1.68, 95% CI:1.23-2.29), new-type drug use (a OR=3.86, 95% CI:2.94-5.07) and receiving no peer education (a OR=1.54, 95% CI:1.12-2.12). Conclusions:In Shandong, a higher proportion of MSM used PrEP and PEP. Peer education and self-perceived HIV infection risk education should be strengthened to increase the rates of PrEP and PEP use in MSM.

Humans ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China

Objective To verify the accuracy of multi-leave collimators (MLC) leaves position in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using radiochromic films.Methods 7 medical electronic linear accelerators of Varian,Elekta or Siemens design were chosen.25 cm× 25 cm films were put on 30 cm×30 cm×3.0 cm homogeneous solid phantom and covered with a 2.0 cm thick of homogeneous solid phantom.The CT scanned images were transmitted to TPS for plan preparation.A 5 strip picket fence pattern was formed by MLC leaf,each 3 cm long and 0.6 cm wide,with 3.0 cm wide strip separation.At the maximum dose point,the SSD was 100 cm,with 250 MU per strip.After exposure,the films were transmitted to the dosimetry laboratory at IAEA for measurement and calculation.Results For 6 of 7 accelerators chosen,the differences of film-measured and TPS-planned MLC leaf position for every fence were within ± 0.5 mm as required by IAEA,and the other one not consistent with the requirements.The difference of film-measured MLC leaf position between each pair and all pair for 7 accelerators were within ± 0.5 mm,in line with IAEA's requirements.The differences of film-measured MLC leaf actual width were within 0.75 mm,as required by IAEA,for 6 accelerators and-0.8 mm for the other one,not consistent with the IAEA requirements.The standard deviations of film-measured MLC leaf actual width for all pairs for 6 accelerators were ＜0.3 mm,in line with IAEA requirements,but 0.4 mm for the other one,not consistent with IAEA requirements.Conclusions It is simple,fast and accurate to use radiochromic films for verification of the accuracy of MLC leaf position in IMRT.Therefore it is advisable to widely use radiochromic films in IMRT clinical practice.

AIM: To establish a method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in Juyuanzhike Tablets (Radix Platycodonis,Radix Polygalae,ephedrinelydrochloride,etc.). METHODS :Ephedrine hydrochloride in Juyuanzhike Tablets were determined by HPLC. RESULTS : The linear range was 0.2～1.6 ?g,r =0.9999.The average recovery was 97.7% and RSD was 0.58%,respectively. CONCLUSION : The method is simple,feasible and reproducible. It can be used for the quality control of Juyuanzhike Tablets.