Objective To explore the impact of Video-Assisted Protrusion Treatment with Endoscope(VPTED)on red blood cell immunity,complications,and lumbar extensor muscle groups in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A total of 103 LDH patients in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were prospectively selected.Among them,6 cases were lost to follow-up,and 97 cases were included in the study.They were divided into the observation group(49 cases)and the control group(48 cases)by random number table method,and VPTED and microscopic minimally invasive channel technique(MITM)were performed respectively.The perioperative indicators,complications,and excellent and good rates of the two groups were statistically analyzed.The tissue trauma indicators interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,IL-17,red blood cell immune indicators,Oswestry disability index(ODI),and biomechanical indicators of the lumbar and dorsal extensor muscle group(peak moment,average power,and lumbar and dorsal flexion and extension ratio in the lumbar and dorsal extension state)before and after the operation were compared between the two groups.Results The surgical time,mobilization time,and hospitalization time of the observation group were(68.62±5.59)minutes,(1.44±0.31)days,and(7.24±1.08)days,respectively,which were shorter than those of the control group[(94.11±10.34)minutes,(2.38±0.46)days,and(9.26±1.23)days].The intraoperative blood loss and VAS scores at 3 and 5 days after surgery were(12.68±2.37)ml,(2.78±0.34)points and(1.45±0.33)points,respectively.Which were lower than those of the control group[(50.54±4.49)ml,(3.31±0.36)points and(2.12±0.40)points](P＜0.05).The incision length of the observation group was(0.87±0.21)cm,which was shorter than that of the control group[(1.23±0.26)cm].There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).From pre-operation to 7 days post-operation,the levels of IL-6,IL-17,IL-8,and RBC-ICR in both groups exhibited an increase-decrease trend,while RBC-C3bRR and RBC-NTFR showed a decrease-increase trend(P＜0.05).From pre-operation to 12 months post-operation,the ODI index and lumbar back flexion-extension ratio in both groups decreased with time,while peak torque and average power in lumbar back extension increased with time(P＜0.05).At 12 months post-operation,there were no statistically significant differences in complication rates(2.04％vs 6.25％)and surgical excellence rates(89.80％vs 87.50％)between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion VPTED is safe and effective in the treatment of LDH,and has unique advantages in the improvement of perioperative indexes.

Objective To explore the impact of Video-Assisted Protrusion Treatment with Endoscope(VPTED)on red blood cell immunity,complications,and lumbar extensor muscle groups in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A total of 103 LDH patients in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were prospectively selected.Among them,6 cases were lost to follow-up,and 97 cases were included in the study.They were divided into the observation group(49 cases)and the control group(48 cases)by random number table method,and VPTED and microscopic minimally invasive channel technique(MITM)were performed respectively.The perioperative indicators,complications,and excellent and good rates of the two groups were statistically analyzed.The tissue trauma indicators interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,IL-17,red blood cell immune indicators,Oswestry disability index(ODI),and biomechanical indicators of the lumbar and dorsal extensor muscle group(peak moment,average power,and lumbar and dorsal flexion and extension ratio in the lumbar and dorsal extension state)before and after the operation were compared between the two groups.Results The surgical time,mobilization time,and hospitalization time of the observation group were(68.62±5.59)minutes,(1.44±0.31)days,and(7.24±1.08)days,respectively,which were shorter than those of the control group[(94.11±10.34)minutes,(2.38±0.46)days,and(9.26±1.23)days].The intraoperative blood loss and VAS scores at 3 and 5 days after surgery were(12.68±2.37)ml,(2.78±0.34)points and(1.45±0.33)points,respectively.Which were lower than those of the control group[(50.54±4.49)ml,(3.31±0.36)points and(2.12±0.40)points](P＜0.05).The incision length of the observation group was(0.87±0.21)cm,which was shorter than that of the control group[(1.23±0.26)cm].There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).From pre-operation to 7 days post-operation,the levels of IL-6,IL-17,IL-8,and RBC-ICR in both groups exhibited an increase-decrease trend,while RBC-C3bRR and RBC-NTFR showed a decrease-increase trend(P＜0.05).From pre-operation to 12 months post-operation,the ODI index and lumbar back flexion-extension ratio in both groups decreased with time,while peak torque and average power in lumbar back extension increased with time(P＜0.05).At 12 months post-operation,there were no statistically significant differences in complication rates(2.04％vs 6.25％)and surgical excellence rates(89.80％vs 87.50％)between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion VPTED is safe and effective in the treatment of LDH,and has unique advantages in the improvement of perioperative indexes.

Caspase-2, a highly conserved member of the caspase family, is considered an initiator caspase that triggers apoptosis in response to some cellular stresses. Previous studies suggest that an intracellular multi-protein complex PIDDosome, induced by genotoxic stress, serves as a platform for caspase-2 activation. Due to caspase-2's inability to process effector caspases, however, the mechanism underlying caspase-2-mediated cell death upon PIDDosome activation remains unclear. Here, we conducted an unbiased genome-wide genetic screen and identified that the Bcl2 family protein BID is required for PIDDosome-induced, caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. PIDDosome-activated caspase-2 directly and functionally processes BID to signal the mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis induction. In addition, a designed chemical screen identified a compound, HUHS015, which specifically activates caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. HUHS015-stimulated apoptosis also requires BID but is independent of the PIDDosome. Through extensive structure-activity relationship efforts, we identified a derivative with a potency of ~60 nmol/L in activating caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. The HUHS015-series of compounds act as efficient agonists that directly target the interdomain linker in caspase-2, representing a new mode of initiator caspase activation. Human and mouse caspase-2 differ in two crucial residues in the linker, rendering a selectivity of the agonists for human caspase-2. The caspase-2 agonists are valuable tools to explore the physiological roles of caspase-2-mediated cell death and a base for developing small-molecule drugs for relevant diseases.
Caspase 2/genetics* ; Humans ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism* ; Animals ; Mice ; Cysteine Endopeptidases