Objective: To explore the developmental trajectories of depression in children and adolescents and their association with family types, and to analyze the role of being an only child in the context, so as to provide a basis for early identification of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis based on the existing database of the Jiangsu Provincial Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Monitoring and Intervention Project. A total of 11 502 students who had completed at least two measurements using the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) between 2022 and 2024, and had complete information on family type, gender, and age, were selected as the study subjects. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to identify depression developmental trajectories. Multinomial Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between family type and depression developmental trajectories, and the interaction effect of family type and being an only child was tested. Results: Three types of depression developmental trajectories were identified among children and adolescents: low stable type (91.3%, 10 504 students), moderate rising type (4.3%, 500 students), and high declining type (4.3%, 498 students). Significant differences were observed among the different trajectory groups in terms of gender, age, parental education level, family type, baseline CES-D score, and baseline school type ( χ 2/H=17.48, 139.97, 19.72 , 30.77, 1 081.35, 220.81, all P <0.05). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that, using the low stable type as the reference trajectory group and the nuclear family as the reference family type, after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, and parental education level, single parent families ( OR=1.87, 95%CI= 1.16-3.03) and grandparent headed families ( OR=1.83, 95%CI =1.04-3.21) were significantly associated with the high declining type trajectory (both P <0.05). No significant association was found between family type and the moderate rising type trajectory (all P >0.05). The interaction effect between family type and being an only child was not statistically significant ( LRT=7.71, df=8, P =0.46). Conclusions Depressive symptoms in children and adolescents show heterogeneous developmental patterns during school age. Children and adolescents from single parent and intergenerational families are more likely to follow the high decreasing trajectory.

Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-binding protein involved in arthritis, ischemia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, meningitis, and cancer. HMGB1 exhibits dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on context. Objective: This research aimed to elucidate HMGB1’s functional significance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods: We overexpressed HMGB1 in cSCC cell lines using recombinant adenovirus and examined its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated HMGB1 expression levels in cSCC tissue relative to normal epidermis. To assess the influence of HMGB1, we employed recombinant adenoviruses expressing HMGB1 to transduce SCC cell lines (SCC12 and SCC13). Enhanced HMGB1 expression significantly promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation capacity.Notably, HMGB1 overexpression elevated the levels of proliferation regulators, including P63, SOX2, CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, HMGB1 overexpression substantially enhanced tumor invasiveness, accompanied by upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Mechanistically, overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β signaling by increasing phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, the key mediators of EMT. Conclusion These data imply that HMGB1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor in cSCC.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of Staphylococcus aureus in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and barrier dysfunction. A key focus was screening traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active components with dual antibacterial and antipruritic efficacy, followed by systematic evaluation of their in vitro antibacterial activity. Additionally, a novel drug delivery system was constructed to enable localized efficient drug delivery, inhibiting S. aureus proliferation and alleviating its induced pruritus, thereby providing new strategies for targeted AD therapy. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks (body weight 18-22 g) were used to establish an AD model via repeated oxazolone sensitization. On day 14, microbial samples were collected from the lesional area (1 cm²) using sterile cotton swabs, followed by vortex mixing, serial dilution, and plating on 5% sheep blood agar plates (incubated at 37°C for 24 h). Single colonies with complete transparent β-hemolytic zones were isolated and identified as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) via 16S rRNA sequencing. An S. aureus mono-infection animal model was then established by applying gauze saturated with bacterial suspension (McFarland turbidity 0.1) to the nape and back skin of mice. The pruritic phenotype and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by S. aureus were evaluated using comprehensive approaches including behavioral assays (e.g., scratching frequency recording), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and toluidine blue staining. The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of the TCM monomer pseudolaric acid B (PAB) and double network hydrogel (DN) was separately assessed by disk diffusion assay, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PAB was determined via broth dilution method. Further validation of the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the composite system (PAB@DN, composed of PAB and DN) was conducted through behavioral assays, HE staining, and dermatitis scoring, with its drug release profile evaluated by mass spectrometry analysis. Based on scratching behavioral analysis and dermatitis scoring, the optimal ratio and concentration of PAB@DN were optimized. ResultsThe S. aureus load in AD lesional tissues was significantly higher than in normal skin ((5.3±0.33)×10⁶ CFU vs. (3.6±0.26)×10⁷ CFU, P<0.001). In the S. aureus mono-infection group, mice exhibited a 6.7-fold increase in scratching frequency compared to the control group. HE staining revealed marked epidermal thickening ((10.4±2.39) μm vs. (85.6±1.95) μm, P<0.000 1), and toluidine blue staining showed a 23-fold increase in mast cell degranulation. Pseudolaric acid B exhibited a significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effect onS. aureus growth, with its in vitro antibacterial effect being 57% that of the antibiotic cefepime (inhibition zone diameter: PAB (1.885±0.036) cm vs. cefepime (3.636±0.005) cm, P<0.000 1) and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 g/L. The carrier double network hydrogel (DN) itself lacked direct antibacterial activity (no significant difference in inhibition zone diameter compared to the control) but effectively ameliorated the dry symptoms of AD-like lesions. The PAB@DN composite system demonstrated a synergistic effect compared to individual components, resulting in a 50% reduction in scratching behavior, an 86% decrease in dermatitis score, and a 60% reduction in epidermal thickening. It also reduced the S. aureus load in mouse skin by approximately 34%, with the optimal effective formulation being PAB at 1 g/L loaded onto DN. ConclusionS. aureus colonization plays a critical driving role in the onset and progression of AD. Using an S. aureus infection model, this study confirmed that the pseudolaric acidB-hydrogel composite delivery system (PAB@DN) can effectively alleviate S. aureus-induced pruritus and skin damage, providing experimental evidence for microbiota-targeted therapy of AD.

Objective:To study the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Methods:From June 2017 to July 2018, a simple random sampling method was used to select administrative villages (communities) from 88 counties (cities, districts) in Guizhou Province with a sampling size greater than 5%. One drinking water sample was collected from each administrative village (community), and conventional water quality indicators (including fluorine, aluminum, mercury, selenium, sulfate, total dissolved solids and total hardness) were tested in accordance with the methods outlined in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB 5749-2006). The cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method was employed to test drinking water iodine level. Spearman method was utilized to analyze the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Results:A total of 904 drinking water samples were tested, with a median iodine level of 1.90 μg/L and a range of 0.10 - 36.70 μg/L. There were 899 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of less than 10 μg/L, accounting for 99.45%. There were only 5 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of greater than 10 μg/L, accounting for 0.55%. Correlation analysis revealed that in Guizhou Province, the iodine level in drinking water was positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness [correlation coefficients ( r) = 0.11, 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.07, P < 0.05], and was a negatively correlated with mercury and selenium levels ( r = - 0.12, - 0.12, P < 0.001). Conclusions:External environment in Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. The iodine level in drinking water is positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness, and negatively correlated with the levels of mercury and selenium.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in external environment and the iodine nutrition status of key population in Guizhou Province, and to provide a basis for further precise implementation of prevention and control strategy of "adapting to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and scientifically supplementing iodine".Methods:From April to September 2023, a survey on the iodine level of residents' drinking water was conducted in administrative villages (neighborhood committees, hereafter referred to as administrative village) in 88 counties (districts) of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province. At the same time, one township (town) was selected from each of the five districts of east, west, south, north and center of each county (district). From each township (town), 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected. Household edible salt sample and once random urine sample were collected for detection of salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Results:The survey covered 16 492 administrative villages in 1 481 townships (towns), 88 counties (districts), 9 cities (prefectures) throughout the province. A total of 51 531 samples of residents' drinking water were collected, with a median water iodine level of 1.50 μg/L and a range of 0.01 - 98.70 μg/L. Among them, there were 16 284, 208, and 0 administrative villages with median water iodine levels < 10, 10 - < 40, and 40 - 100 μg/L, respectively, accounting for 98.74%, 1.26%, and 0, respectively. A total of 26 491 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with a median salt iodine levels of 27.6 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.6% (26 395/26 491), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 97.0% (25 708/26 491). And 17 657 urine samples from children and 8 834 urine samples from pregnant women were collected, with median urinary iodine levels of 222.1 and 164.4 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine levels among children of different genders and ages ( Z = - 6.08, H = 19.17, P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between urinary iodine of children and pregnant women and water iodine ( r = 0.01 0.02, P > 0.05), while urinary iodine of pregnant women was positively correlated with salt iodine ( r = 0.02, P = 0.041). Conclusions:The external environment of Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. Under the universal salt iodization policy, children have sufficient iodine nutrition, and pregnant women have an appropriate level of iodine nutrition. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, mainly based on universal salt iodization, should be continuously carried out to eliminate the harm of iodine deficiency.

Background and Aims:In recent years,with the continuous progress of systemic therapy,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,direct comparisons between different immunotherapeutic targets,such as PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors,in terms of clinical benefit and safety remain limited.This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HAIC plus bevacizumab and sintilimab(HAIC-BP1)versus HAIC plus bevacizumab and atezolizumab(HAIC-BPL)in advanced HCC.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 88 patients with advanced HCC who received first-line HAIC-BP1or HAIC-BPL at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2020 and December 2022.Progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and adverse events(AEs)were compared between the two groups.Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors affecting PFS.Results:A total of 47 patients were included in the HAIC-BP1 group and 41 patients in the HAIC-BPL group,with no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(all P>0.05).The ORR(59.6%vs.65.9%)and DCR(72.3%vs.80.5%)did not significantly differ between the HAIC-BP1 group and the HAIC-BPL group(both P>0.05).After a median follow-up of 16.3 months,there were no significant differences in median OS(21.3 months vs.22.4 months)or median PFS(6.7 months vs.6.2 months)between the HAIC-BP1 group and the HAIC-BPL group(both P>0.05).The incidence of AEs was similar,and no treatment-related deaths occurred.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor diameter>10 cm as an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS(HR=0.48,95%CI=0.27-0.83,P=0.009).Conclusion:Both HAIC-BP1 and HAIC-BPL demonstrated comparable efficacy and favorable safety profiles as first-line treatment options for advanced HCC.Tumor diameter>10 cm was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS,underscoring the importance of patient stratification in clinical decision-making.

AIM To investigate the effects of Xuesaitong Capsules(Panax notoginseng saponins)on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse model of skin frostbite.METHODS The mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the dexamethasone group(1 mg/kg),and the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose Xuesaitong Capsules groups(0.036,0.072,and 0.144 g/kg),with eight mice in each group.A frostbite model was established using a dry ice-cooled ceramic(ferrite)magnet.On the 2nd day after modeling,each group started its corresponding dosing by gavage for 14 consecutive days.The wound healing,histopathological changes,and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),thromboxane B2(TXB2),6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-K-PGF1α),nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin(ET)were assessed using ELISA.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in skin tissues were measured biochemically.The protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,Toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and phosphorylated nuclear factor-KB p65(p-NF-κB p65)in skin tissues were determined by Western blot.Additionally,LncRNA H19 mRNA expression in skin tissues was evaluated using RT-qPCR.RESULTS After the final administration,compared with the control group,the model group exhibited partial scab detachment,wound healing,and larger wound areas;hyperkeratosis with incomplete keratinization,detachment of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue,partial loss of appendages,subcutaneous edema,and dilated,congested,and hemorrhagic stromal vessels with extensive lymphocyte infiltration revealed by the histopathological examination;elevated serum levels of hs-CRP,TXB2,and ET(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased 6-K-PGF1α and NO levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced SOD activity in skin tissues(P＜0.01);increased MDA levels(P＜0.01);and upregulated protein expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65,as well as LncRNA H19 mRNA expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the group intervened with high-dose Xuesaitong Capsules displayed reduced wound areas(P＜0.01);decreased serum levels of hs-CRP,TXB2 and ET(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased 6-K-PGF1α and NO levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);enhanced SOD activity(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced MDA level in skin tissues(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and down-regulated TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein expressions and suppressed LncRNA H19 mRNA expression in skin tissues as well(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Xuesaitong Capsules alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury in frostbite-injured mice by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti oxidative stress effects and restoring vascular endothelial function mediated by the downregulation of LncRNA H19 expression and inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Aim To explore the mechanism of action of Guizhi Jia Gegen decoction(GGD)in treating pneu-monia-enteritis induced by H1N1 influenza virus infec-tion in a mouse model,using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,followed by in vivo verification.Methods A pneumonia-enteritis mouse model was established,and the intervention effects of GGD on the model mice were evaluated using indica-tors such as body weight,rectal temperature,lung in-dex,colon length,H1N1 M gene expression,relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines,and pathological sections of the lung and intestine.The targets of the blood-absorbed components of GGD were identified using the Swiss Target Prediction platform,and the disease targets were retrieved from the Gene-Cards platform.The intersecting targets were analyzed through PPI network analysis using the STRING data-base to identify core targets.GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Metascape database.RT-qPCR was employed to vali-date the core targets and pathways.Molecular docking was conducted using AutoDock Tools software to verify the interactions between blood-absorbed components and key targets.Results GGD demonstrated signifi-cant therapeutic effects on the pneumonia-enteritis mouse model.The results of network pharmacology in-dicated that the therapeutic effects of GGD were strong-ly associated with targets such as TNF,ALB,PTGS2,MMP9,EGFR,ESR1,SRC,HSP90AA1,PPARG and MMP2.RT-qPCR results indicated that GGD could intervene in pneumonia-enteritis by regulating the targets TNF,ALB,EGFR and the related targets of the NF-κB pathway.Molecular docking results re-vealed that blood-absorbed components such as puerar-in and liquiritin could stably bind to TNF,ALB and EGFR.Conclusion Components such as puerarin and liquiritin in GGD may exert therapeutic effects on pneumonia-enteritis induced by H1N1 influenza virus infection by acting on targets such as TNF,ALB and EGFR.

This paper reviews gamified mobile applications, summarizes their current application status in nurse training for pressure injury management, and analyzes the functions, uses, and limitations of pressure injury management mobile applications. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of gamified mobile applications for pressure injury management in China.

Isoflavones which mainly distributed in leguminous plants have plenty of health benefits.Isoflavone synthase(IFS)is a membrane-associated cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP450)which carries out the unique aryl-ring migration and hydroxylation.So far,few crystal structures of plant P450s have been obtained.We determined the crystal structure of IFS from Medicago truncatula at 1.9 ? by MAD method using a selenomethionine substituted crystal and conducted molecular docking and mutagenesis study.The structure of IFS complexed with imidazole exhibits the helix Ⅰa-loop-helix Ⅰβ motif which cor-responds to helix Ⅰ of other P450s.Compared with structures of common P450s,IFS/imidazole structure contains an extra domain,i.e.,the γ-domain.The structure reveals a homodimer in which the γ-domain of one molecule interacts with the β-domain of another.The plane of heme group makes an angle of ap-proximately 40° with the helix Ⅰa-loop-helix Ⅰβ motif.Molecular docking combined with mutagenesis study suggested that Trp-128 and Asp-300 might play important roles in substrate binding and recogni-tion.Phe-301,Ser-303 and Gly-305 from the helix Ⅰa-loop-helix Ⅰβ motif may play important roles in the aryl-ring migration.These novel structural features reveal insights into the unique reaction mechanism of IFS and provide a basis for engineering IFS in leguminous crops for health purpose.