Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with 15 national ministries and commissions, has formulated the Implementation Plan on Establishing a Carbon Footprint Management System, and it is urgent for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research on carbon footprint accounting methods of related products. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA) theory, taking mulberry leaf extract produced by a certain enterprise as an example, this study analyzed the carbon footprint of TCM extracts during the life cycle. The results show that for every 1 kg of product produced, the carbon emissions from the stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, and extract production are-20.569, 1.205, and 173.577 kgCO_2eq(CO_2 equivalent), respectively. The carbon footprint of the product is 154.213 kgCO_2eq·kg~(-1). In addition, the carbon emission is the highest in the production stage, in which the consumption of ethanol solvents makes the greatest contribution to the carbon footprint, accounting for 25.71%, more than one-fourth of the total carbon footprint. The second contribution was from the treatment process of TCM residues, accounting for 19.67%, closely followed by wastewater treatment(17.71%), the consumption of hot steam(17.43%), and drinking water(16.90%). The consumption of electric power and packaging materials has a smaller carbon emission of 2.58%. In particular, the carbon emission caused by the consumption of packaging materials is only 0.04%, which is negligible. The results of the study are expected to provide a reference for TCM enterprises to carry out research on the carbon footprint of products, offer ideas for collaborative innovation in reducing pollution and carbon emissions throughout the entire industry chain of TCM, and develop new quality productivity of modern TCM industry based on green and low-carbon manufacturing.
Morus/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Carbon Footprint ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the photothermal and antibacterial activities of polydopamine-modified phycocyanin nanoparticles (PDA@PC NPs) and their capacity for promoting wound healing. METHODS: PDA@PC NPs were synthesized from phycocyanin (C-PC) and dopamine hydrochloride using a one-pot method. The photothermal activity of the nanoparticles was assessed in vitro by 808 nm laser irradiation, their biocompatibility was evaluated using CCK-8 assay, and their photothermal antibacterial activity by plate colony counting. In adult male BALB/c mice, two symmetrical full-thickness skin wounds (1.0 cm ×1.0 cm) were created on both sides of the spine, and 200 μL of Staphylococcus aureus suspension was inoculated into the wounds. The mice were divided into control group, PDA@PC NPs group, and PDA@PC NPs with laser irradiation group, and wound healing rates and histomorphological changes in the wound tissues were evaluated on days 0, 7 and 14 after modeling. RESULTS: The synthesized PDA@PC NPs exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL and showed strong photothermal and antibacterial activities in response to 808 nm laser irradiation. In the mouse models, the size of the infected skin wounds showed substantial reduction at 7 and 14 days in PDA@PC NPs group and PDA@PC NPs with laser irradiation group, and the mean wound healing rate was faster in the latter group. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining revealed extensive granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition on the wound surfaces in both of the treatment groups, and these changes were more obvious in the PDA@PC NPs with laser irradiation group. CONCLUSIONS PDA@PC NPs possess excellent photothermal and antibacterial activities and can effectively promote wound healing in mice.
Animals ; Indoles/chemistry* ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; Polymers/chemistry* ; Phycocyanin/chemistry* ; Skin/injuries* ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*

Objective: To investigate the changing trends for associations of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: From 2022 to 2023, a method of combining convenient sampling with cluster sampling was used to select 8 923 middle school students from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen City between September 2022 (baseline, T1) and September 2023 (follow up, T2). The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) were administered to assess smartphone addiction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mixed effects models were used to analyze the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: From September 2022 to September 2023, the reported prevalence of smartphone addiction increased from 24.22% to 25.25% ( χ 2=45.71); and smartphone addiction scores [ 24.00 (16.00, 32.00),25.00(16.00, 33.00)], anxiety symptom scores [2.00(0.00, 7.00),3.00(0.00, 7.00)] and depressive symptom scores[3.00(0.00, 8.00),5.00(0.00, 9.00)] all significantly increased ( Z =-17.43, -42.38, -41.57) (all P <0.05). There were statistically significant difference in the distribution of anxiety and depression symptom levels among middle school students in 2022 and 2023 ( χ 2=85.15, 106.85, both P <0.05). After adjusting for covariates such as age, gender and family background, mixed effects models revealed dose response associations of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students:mild anxiety symptom( OR =3.22), moderate to severe anxiety symptom ( OR =5.36), mild depressive symptom ( OR =3.32) and moderate to severe depressive symptom ( OR =6.13) were significantly associated with higher risks of smartphone addiction (all P <0.05). Interaction effect analysis found that co existing anxiety and depressive symptoms synergistically increased addiction risk by 5.60 times ( OR =5.60) compared to the asymptomatic group, with 32% of the combined risk attributable to their interaction ( S=1.64, AP =0.32)(both P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Anxiety and depressive symptoms are significantly associated with smartphone addiction, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Attention should be paid to emotional issues and smartphone addiction among middle school students.

Objective:An in vivo mammalian hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis(UDS)test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel and Bone Repair Materials,providing experimental evidence for establishing a UDS testing method for medical devices and materials.Methods:0.9％sodium chloride injection and cottonseed oil were used as the solvent for test materials and negative control,respectively.N-dimethylnitrosamine(NDMA)was used as the positive control for the early sampling times,and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)was used as the positive control for the late sampling times.SD rats were administered a single dose for toxic exposure,and liver tissues were collected at 4 h and 16 h,respectively.Hepatocytes were isolated using collagenase perfusion.After labeling with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU),and the net average fluorescence intensity(NAFI)of cell nuclei and nucleoplasm was measured by fluorescence microscope.Data from 50 cells were used to analyze the DNA repair level.Results:Compared with the negative control groups,the positive control groups(NDMA and 2-AAF)showed highly statistically significant differences in NAFI(P＜0.01),indicating successful induction of DNA damage.There was no statistically significant differences between the cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel groups,bone repair material groups and the negative control group(P＞0.05),suggesting that these materials did not significantly induce DNA damage under the experimental conditions.Conclusion:This study first applied EdU labeling technology to the in vivo hepatic UDS assay,achieving non-radioactive labeling through click chemistry reactions.Under the conditions of this study,cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel and bone repair materials did not exhibit genotoxicity.In the follow-up,the sample range can be expanded and the observation period can be prolonged to further improve the genotoxicity evaluation system of medical devices.

Objective To compare the differences of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure and EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(EUS-PPG) in measurement of portal venous pressure on animals and their correlation. Methods Twenty-four miniature pigs were selected and fed with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital sodium combined with high-fat,low-protein and low-choline diet for 16 weeks to establish a liver cirrhotic portal hypertension model. The changes of biochemical indexes of liver function and liver pathology in the experimental pigs were observed to evaluate whether the model was successful. After the model was successfully established,the hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous trunk were measured non-invasively under EUS guidance,including portal venous blood flow and splenic artery pulsatility index,thereby calculating portal venous pressure. Then,taking EUS-PPG,the portal vein,hepatic vein,and inferior vena cava were punctured with an 18G puncture needle under general anesthesia guided by the translinear endoscopic ultrasound,and the PPG was calculated through the central venous pressure monitoring system.The Pearson correlation analysis,Kappa test,ICC intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot were used for consistency analysis. Results All the 24 pigs survived 16 weeks after modeling.The serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL)after modeling were higher than those before modeling(P<0.05). HE staining and Sirius red staining showed abnormal liver morphology and increased collagen fibers after modeling,suggesting that the experimental pig model of liver cirrhotic portal hypertension was successfully established. The results of EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure showed that the mean splenic artery pulsatility index was (2.03±0.68),the mean portal vein flow was (17.27±4.31)cm/s,and the mean portal venous pressure was (15.97±3.65)mmHg. The measurement results of the mean portal venous pressure,hepatic venous pres-sure and PPG of EUS-PPG were (20.68±4.71)mmHg,(4.07±2.14)mmHg and (16.38±4.28)mmHg respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the portal venous pressures measured by the two methods (r=0.902,P<0.001);the consistency tests of Kappa test and ICC intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the measurement results of the two methods were highly consistent (Kappa=0.699,P<0.001;ICC=0.945);Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that most of the points fell within 95％ limits of agreement. Conclusion EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure has a high correlation and consistency with the measurement results by EUS-PPG,which has high success rate,and accurate reflection of portal venous pressure,with low cost and good safety.

Objective:An in vivo mammalian hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis(UDS)test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel and Bone Repair Materials,providing experimental evidence for establishing a UDS testing method for medical devices and materials.Methods:0.9％sodium chloride injection and cottonseed oil were used as the solvent for test materials and negative control,respectively.N-dimethylnitrosamine(NDMA)was used as the positive control for the early sampling times,and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)was used as the positive control for the late sampling times.SD rats were administered a single dose for toxic exposure,and liver tissues were collected at 4 h and 16 h,respectively.Hepatocytes were isolated using collagenase perfusion.After labeling with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU),and the net average fluorescence intensity(NAFI)of cell nuclei and nucleoplasm was measured by fluorescence microscope.Data from 50 cells were used to analyze the DNA repair level.Results:Compared with the negative control groups,the positive control groups(NDMA and 2-AAF)showed highly statistically significant differences in NAFI(P＜0.01),indicating successful induction of DNA damage.There was no statistically significant differences between the cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel groups,bone repair material groups and the negative control group(P＞0.05),suggesting that these materials did not significantly induce DNA damage under the experimental conditions.Conclusion:This study first applied EdU labeling technology to the in vivo hepatic UDS assay,achieving non-radioactive labeling through click chemistry reactions.Under the conditions of this study,cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel and bone repair materials did not exhibit genotoxicity.In the follow-up,the sample range can be expanded and the observation period can be prolonged to further improve the genotoxicity evaluation system of medical devices.

Objective To compare the differences of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure and EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(EUS-PPG) in measurement of portal venous pressure on animals and their correlation. Methods Twenty-four miniature pigs were selected and fed with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital sodium combined with high-fat,low-protein and low-choline diet for 16 weeks to establish a liver cirrhotic portal hypertension model. The changes of biochemical indexes of liver function and liver pathology in the experimental pigs were observed to evaluate whether the model was successful. After the model was successfully established,the hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous trunk were measured non-invasively under EUS guidance,including portal venous blood flow and splenic artery pulsatility index,thereby calculating portal venous pressure. Then,taking EUS-PPG,the portal vein,hepatic vein,and inferior vena cava were punctured with an 18G puncture needle under general anesthesia guided by the translinear endoscopic ultrasound,and the PPG was calculated through the central venous pressure monitoring system.The Pearson correlation analysis,Kappa test,ICC intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot were used for consistency analysis. Results All the 24 pigs survived 16 weeks after modeling.The serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL)after modeling were higher than those before modeling(P<0.05). HE staining and Sirius red staining showed abnormal liver morphology and increased collagen fibers after modeling,suggesting that the experimental pig model of liver cirrhotic portal hypertension was successfully established. The results of EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure showed that the mean splenic artery pulsatility index was (2.03±0.68),the mean portal vein flow was (17.27±4.31)cm/s,and the mean portal venous pressure was (15.97±3.65)mmHg. The measurement results of the mean portal venous pressure,hepatic venous pres-sure and PPG of EUS-PPG were (20.68±4.71)mmHg,(4.07±2.14)mmHg and (16.38±4.28)mmHg respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the portal venous pressures measured by the two methods (r=0.902,P<0.001);the consistency tests of Kappa test and ICC intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the measurement results of the two methods were highly consistent (Kappa=0.699,P<0.001;ICC=0.945);Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that most of the points fell within 95％ limits of agreement. Conclusion EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure has a high correlation and consistency with the measurement results by EUS-PPG,which has high success rate,and accurate reflection of portal venous pressure,with low cost and good safety.

ObjectiveA rapid method for identification of chemical constituents in Baoyuantang reference sample was established in order to clarify the material basis of this formula. MethodBased on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） and self-established database information， the chemical components in Baoyuantang were systematically characterized and identified. The chromatography was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 2%-19%B； 3-8 min， 19%B； 8-8.1 min， 19%-22%B； 8.1-14 min， 22%-29%B； 14-16 min， 29%B； 16-32 min， 29%-45%B； 32-32.1 min， 45%-90%B； 32.1-35 min， 90%-95%B； 35-36 min， 95%-98%B； 36-37 min， 98%-2%B； 37-40 min， 2%B）. Based on electrospray ionization（ESI）， continuum data format was collected in both positive and negative ion modes with a scanning range of m/z 50-1 500. Chemical constituents in the decoction of Baoyuantang were systematically analyzed by UNIFI 1.9.4 software matching， control comparison， The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine（ETCM） database search and literature reports. ResultA total of 229 components were identified under negative ion mode and 181 under positive ion mode， with a total of 322 components after removing duplicates， including 116 triterpene saponins， 66 flavonoids， 19 organic acids， 6 gingerphenols， 6 gingerols， 5 gingerones， 10 amino acids， 7 saccharides， 5 coumarins and 82 other components. Among them， 83， 141， 39， 35 and 38 components were attributed to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， respectively. ConclusionIn this study， the rapid characterization and identification of multi-class components in Baoyuantang was realized， and it was confirmed that the material basis of this formula was mainly triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， gingerols and organic acids， and the chemical composition was attributed and analyzed， which provided a reference for the subsequent quality control research.

Purpose::This study evaluated the methods and clinical effects of multidisciplinary collaborative treatment for occlusal reconstruction in patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects.Methods::Patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects who underwent occlusal reconstruction at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical treatment was classified into 3 phases. In phase I, techniques such as orthognathic surgery, microsurgery, and distraction osteogenesis were employed to reconstruct the correct 3-dimensional (3D) jaw position relationship. In phase II, bone augmentation and soft tissue management techniques were utilized to address insufficient alveolar bone mass and poor gingival soft tissue conditions. In phase III, implant-supported overdentures or fixed dentures were used for occlusal reconstruction. A summary of treatment methods, clinical efficacy evaluation, comparative analysis of imageological examinations, and satisfaction questionnaire survey were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in patients with traumatic old jaw fractures and dentition defects. All data are summarized using the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation and compared using independent sample t-tests. Results::In 15 patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects (an average age of 32 years, ranging from 18 to 53 years), there were 7 cases of malocclusion of single maxillary fracture, 6 of malocclusion of single mandible fracture, and 2 of malocclusion of both maxillary and mandible fractures. There were 5 patients with single maxillary dentition defects, 2 with single mandibular dentition defects, and 8 with both maxillary and mandibular dentition defects. To reconstruct the correct 3D jaw positional relationship, 5 patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla, 3 underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, 4 underwent open reduction and internal fixation for old jaw fractures, 3 underwent temporomandibular joint surgery, and 4 underwent distraction osteogenesis. All patients underwent jawbone augmentation, of whom 4 patients underwent a free composite vascularized bone flap (26.66%) and the remaining patients underwent local alveolar bone augmentation. Free gingival graft and connective tissue graft were the main methods for soft tissue augmentation (73.33%). The 15 patients received 81 implants, of whom 11 patients received implant-supported fixed dentures and 4 received implant-supported removable dentures. The survival rate of all implants was 93.82%. The final imageological examination of 15 patients confirmed that the malocclusion was corrected, and the clinical treatment ultimately achieved occlusal function reconstruction. The patient satisfaction questionnaire survey showed that they were satisfied with the efficacy, phonetics, aesthetics, and comfort after treatment.Conclusion::Occlusal reconstruction of old jaw fractures and dentition defects requires a phased sequential comprehensive treatment, consisting of 3D spatial jaw correction, alveolar bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation, and implant-supported occlusal reconstruction, achieving satisfactory clinical therapeutic efficacy.

Objective:To explore the preventive value of "integrated prevention strategy" for nipple and areola ischemia after single-port endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 72 patients with breast cancer who received single-port endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from July 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, they were all female. The follow-up period was up to July 2022. According to the perioperative treatment methods, the patients were divided into observation group ( n=40) and control group ( n=32). The patients in the observation group who adopted the "integrated prevention strategy" scheme, and patients in the control group who adopted the conventional treatment scheme. The incidence of postoperative nipple and areola ischemic was compared between the two groups, and the postoperative cosmetic effect, quality of life and satisfaction of patients were evaluated. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used to compare the data groups. Results:The postoperative drainage volume in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(632.40±226.37) mL vs (774.91±239.85) mL], and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.013). Two weeks after operation, there was 1 case of nipple and areola ischemia in the observation group, and 7 cases in the control group, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups ( P=0.019). Twelve months after operation, the score of breast satisfaction (83.93±11.64 vs 67.28±11.52), chest satisfaction (89.63±8.06 vs 83.03±9.49) and psychosocial well-being (89.43±12.42 vs 78.88±10.40) in the observation group were better than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:"Integrated prevention strategy" can effectively prevent the occurrence of nipple and areola ischemic after single-port endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy and improve patient satisfaction, which has certain promotion value.