Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

In order to investigate the regulatory effect of Codonopsis saponins on the immunosup-pression caused by H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)infection,rat pulmonary microvas-cular endothelial cells(RPMECs)were incubated with different concentrations of Codonopsis sap-onins(5,10 and 20 mg/L).The expression level of PD-L1 was detected by RT-PCR and flow cy-tometry,and the contents of TNF-α,IFN-y and IL-10 in supernatant were detected by ELISA kit.The titer of H9N2 AIV in supernatant was detected by plaque method.Then,a co-culture system of RPMECs and T cells was established using a Transwell plate with an aperture of 8 μm to mimic the migration of circulating T cells across microvessels to the site of viral infection.RPMECs were cultured in the upper chamber of Transwell,inoculated with H9N2 AIV,supplemented with 20 mg/L Codonopsis saponins 1 h later,and T cells 36 h later.After 8 h of treatment,T cells in the lower compartment were collected and the proportions of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells were detected by flow cytometry,the expression levels of IL-2,IFN-y and granzyme B in the superna-tant were detected by ELISA,and the proportions of perforin-1 positive T cells were detected by flow cytometry.The proliferation activity of T cells was detected with the MTT cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit,and the percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry af-ter staining of T cells with Annexin V-FITC/PI.The experimental results showed that Codonopsis saponins could significantly reduce the expression level of PD-L1,IL-10 and TNF-α in RPMECs in-duced by H9N2 AIV infection,and reduce the apoptosis rate of T cells.However,the expression levels of IL-2,IFN-y,perforin-1 and granzyme B in transendothelial migration T cells and the pro-liferation activity of T cells were significantly increased.In this study,Codonopsis saponins can sig-nificantly inhibit the expression of H9N2 AIV-induced PD-L1 in RPMECs,enhance the antiviral function of T cells migrating across the endothelial layer,and enhance the resistance of host to H9N2 AIV.

Nodular goiter has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Clinically, there has been a burgeoning interest in nodular goiter due to the risk of progression to thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine (CM) in nodular goiter. Articles were systematically retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. New evidence showed that CM exhibited multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of nodular goiter, involving hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, oxidative stress, blood rheology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, especially inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis, involving multiple signal pathways and a variety of cytokines. This review provides a scientific basis for the therapeutic use of CM against nodular goiter. Nonetheless, future studies are warranted to identify more regulatory genes and pathways to provide new approaches for the treatment of nodular goiter.
Humans ; Goiter, Nodular/metabolism* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Apoptosis ; China

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile disease mainly observed in children aged <5 years, with medium- and small-vessel vasculitis as the main lesion. Although KD has been reported for more than 50 years and great progress has been made in the etiology and pathology of KD in recent years, there is still a lack of specific indicators for the early diagnosis of KD, especially with more difficulties in the diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD). At present, there are no clear diagnostic criteria for IKD, which leads to the failure of the timely identification and standardized treatment of IKD in clinical practice and even induce the development of coronary artery lesion. This article reviews the concept, epidemiological features, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up management of IKD, in order to deepen the understanding of IKD among clinical workers and help to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of KD in China.
Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/therapy* ; Coronary Vessels ; China

This article uses the "behavioural and social drivers of vaccination" model released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 to analyze influenza vaccine policy documents issued by the state and governments. This indicates that the current influenza vaccination policy in China has paid some attention to "publicity and mobilization", but it still pays insufficient attention to "vaccination convenience". It is recommended to continue to strengthen publicity and mobilization, explore ways to improve the convenience of vaccination, formulate corresponding plans to improve the convenience of vaccination, scientifically set vaccination rate targets, and encourage areas with conditions to carry out free vaccination projects for key populations.

This article uses the "behavioural and social drivers of vaccination" model released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 to analyze influenza vaccine policy documents issued by the state and governments. This indicates that the current influenza vaccination policy in China has paid some attention to "publicity and mobilization", but it still pays insufficient attention to "vaccination convenience". It is recommended to continue to strengthen publicity and mobilization, explore ways to improve the convenience of vaccination, formulate corresponding plans to improve the convenience of vaccination, scientifically set vaccination rate targets, and encourage areas with conditions to carry out free vaccination projects for key populations.

Cavernous nerve injury is an important cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Although protective nerve technology has been widely used in nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP), the incidence of ED is still very high after surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate erectile function (EF) and penile length in the non-erectile state (PLNES) following scheduled phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), vacuum erectile device (VED) treatment, and combination therapy after nsRP. One hundred patients with localized prostate cancer and normal EF were randomized to scheduled PDE5i group, VED treatment group, a combined treatment group, and the control group without any intervention. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores and PLNES were evaluated after 6 months and 12 months of treatment. Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP-Question 2 and SEP-Question 3) were evaluated after 12 months of treatment. Ninety-one of the 100 randomized patients completed the study. We found that the 5 mg tadalafil once a day (OaD) combined with VED can help improve IIEF-5 scores in nsRP patients after both 6 months and 12 months. VED alone or combined with tadalafil OaD can help patients maintain PLNES. VED combined with tadalafil OaD can improve the rate of successful penetration (SEP-Question 2) after 12 months. There were no significant differences in the return to target EF after 12 months among the groups. No significant correlation was noted between the variables and return to target EF (IIEF ≥ 17), and between the variables and effective shortening of the patient's penis (shortening ≥ 1 cm) after 12 months of intervention.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect between acupoint application of METHODS: A total of 62 KOA patients with knee swelling after knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 31 cases in each group. In the control group, cold compress was adopted after surgery, 3 times a day. On the basis of the treatment as the control group, acupoint application of RESULTS: The VAS scores 3, 5 and 7 days into treatment were lower than those before treatment in the two groups ( CONCLUSION Acupoint application of
Acupuncture Points ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy* ; Pain ; Treatment Outcome