Objective: To prepare the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs on tumors and inhibit tumor metastasis. Methods: This study prepared and characterized paclitaxel (PTX)-plerixafor (AMD3100) liposomes (Lips), developed the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system, and evaluated its targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy through a series of in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Results: The particle size of PTX-AMD-Lips was (186.4±0.83) nm. Drug encapsulation efficiency of PTX-AMD-Lips was (75.50±5.27)% for PTX and (88.31±2.45)% for AMD. The Binding efficiency between RBC and liposomes in the drug delivery system was (69.93±2.55)%. Vitro cellular experiments revealed that PTX-AMD-Lips significantly inhibited tumor cell migration. In vivo animal experiments, the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system significantly increased drug accumulation in the lungs. At the experimental endpoint, the quantitative fluorescence signal of tumor size measured (4.04±0.44)×10 for the PTX-Lips group, and (5.14±3.40)×10 for the RBC-PTX-AMD-Lips group. Conclusion: The erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system could enhance the lung-specific targeting capability of liposomes, kill tumor cells and suppress further metastasis effectively.

Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-binding protein involved in arthritis, ischemia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, meningitis, and cancer. HMGB1 exhibits dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on context. Objective: This research aimed to elucidate HMGB1’s functional significance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods: We overexpressed HMGB1 in cSCC cell lines using recombinant adenovirus and examined its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated HMGB1 expression levels in cSCC tissue relative to normal epidermis. To assess the influence of HMGB1, we employed recombinant adenoviruses expressing HMGB1 to transduce SCC cell lines (SCC12 and SCC13). Enhanced HMGB1 expression significantly promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation capacity.Notably, HMGB1 overexpression elevated the levels of proliferation regulators, including P63, SOX2, CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, HMGB1 overexpression substantially enhanced tumor invasiveness, accompanied by upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Mechanistically, overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β signaling by increasing phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, the key mediators of EMT. Conclusion These data imply that HMGB1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor in cSCC.

Objective:To study the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Methods:From June 2017 to July 2018, a simple random sampling method was used to select administrative villages (communities) from 88 counties (cities, districts) in Guizhou Province with a sampling size greater than 5%. One drinking water sample was collected from each administrative village (community), and conventional water quality indicators (including fluorine, aluminum, mercury, selenium, sulfate, total dissolved solids and total hardness) were tested in accordance with the methods outlined in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB 5749-2006). The cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method was employed to test drinking water iodine level. Spearman method was utilized to analyze the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Results:A total of 904 drinking water samples were tested, with a median iodine level of 1.90 μg/L and a range of 0.10 - 36.70 μg/L. There were 899 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of less than 10 μg/L, accounting for 99.45%. There were only 5 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of greater than 10 μg/L, accounting for 0.55%. Correlation analysis revealed that in Guizhou Province, the iodine level in drinking water was positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness [correlation coefficients ( r) = 0.11, 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.07, P < 0.05], and was a negatively correlated with mercury and selenium levels ( r = - 0.12, - 0.12, P < 0.001). Conclusions:External environment in Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. The iodine level in drinking water is positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness, and negatively correlated with the levels of mercury and selenium.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in external environment and the iodine nutrition status of key population in Guizhou Province, and to provide a basis for further precise implementation of prevention and control strategy of "adapting to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and scientifically supplementing iodine".Methods:From April to September 2023, a survey on the iodine level of residents' drinking water was conducted in administrative villages (neighborhood committees, hereafter referred to as administrative village) in 88 counties (districts) of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province. At the same time, one township (town) was selected from each of the five districts of east, west, south, north and center of each county (district). From each township (town), 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected. Household edible salt sample and once random urine sample were collected for detection of salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Results:The survey covered 16 492 administrative villages in 1 481 townships (towns), 88 counties (districts), 9 cities (prefectures) throughout the province. A total of 51 531 samples of residents' drinking water were collected, with a median water iodine level of 1.50 μg/L and a range of 0.01 - 98.70 μg/L. Among them, there were 16 284, 208, and 0 administrative villages with median water iodine levels < 10, 10 - < 40, and 40 - 100 μg/L, respectively, accounting for 98.74%, 1.26%, and 0, respectively. A total of 26 491 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with a median salt iodine levels of 27.6 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.6% (26 395/26 491), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 97.0% (25 708/26 491). And 17 657 urine samples from children and 8 834 urine samples from pregnant women were collected, with median urinary iodine levels of 222.1 and 164.4 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine levels among children of different genders and ages ( Z = - 6.08, H = 19.17, P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between urinary iodine of children and pregnant women and water iodine ( r = 0.01 0.02, P > 0.05), while urinary iodine of pregnant women was positively correlated with salt iodine ( r = 0.02, P = 0.041). Conclusions:The external environment of Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. Under the universal salt iodization policy, children have sufficient iodine nutrition, and pregnant women have an appropriate level of iodine nutrition. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, mainly based on universal salt iodization, should be continuously carried out to eliminate the harm of iodine deficiency.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of diarrhea during early enteral nutrition(EEN)therapy in severe patients with temporary ileostomy.Method:A total of 154 patients with temporary ileostomy who received EEN in the Department of General Surgery,Jinling Hospital from November 2019 to November 2023 were included in this study.All patients were divided into two groups:the diarrhea group(n=43)and the non-diarrhea group(n=111).The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed,and univariate analysis was performed to compare the differences between groups.The indicators with significant differences were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the influencing factors of diarrhea during EEN therapy in severe patients with temporary ileostomy.Result:Among the 154 patients,43 developed diarrhea during EEN therapy,with an incidence of 27.9%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that enteral nutrition(EN)infusion rate(OR=6.342,P=0.001,95%CI:2.055～19.572),antibiotics type(OR=8.342,P=0.013,95%CI:1.577～44.119),mechanical ventilation(OR=7.011,P=0.001,95%CI:2.272～21.629),EN formulation type(OR=6.497,P=0.001,95%CI:2.177～19.392),and diabetes(OR=3.321,P=0.036,95%CI:1.080～10.215)were closely associated with EN-related diarrhea in severe patients with temporary ileostomy.Conclusion:There was a high incidence of diarrhea in severe patients with temporary ileostomy who received EEN.EN infusion rate,antibiotics use,mechanical ventilation,EN formulation type and diabetes were the influencing factors for presence of EEN-related diarrhea in the patients.Our data could provide a reference for preventing EEN-related diarrhea in severe patients with temporary ileostomy after surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of multimodal prehabilitation in patients with refractory functional constipation undergoing Jinling procedure(modified Duhamel surgery).Methods:In this prospective randomized controlled trial,80 patients with refractory functional constipation scheduled for Jinling procedure at the Department of General Surgery,the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between January 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled.Participants were randomly assigned to either the observation group(n=40,multimodal prehabilitation)or control group(n=40,routine nursing care).Outcome measures included:time to first flatus,time to first ambulation,defecation volume on postoperative day 5,length of hospitalization,nutritional markers(hemoglobin,albumin,total protein at postoperative day 7),anxiety/depression scores(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HADS),and total complication rates.Results:Compared to controls,the first ventilation time(48.02±6.15)h,first ambulation time(49.92±5.58)h,defecation volume on the fifth day(234.50±51.03)mL,hospital stay(13.15±2.64)d,anxiety score(43.68±3.45)points,depression score(43.81±1.58)points,and the total incidence of postoperative complications(15%)were significantly lower in the observation group(all p values<0.05).By contrast,the serum levels of hemoglobin(115.60±11.60)g/l,albumin(41.19±5.79)g/L and total protein(61.64±4.94)g/L on day 7 post-operatively were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Multimodal prehabilitation enhances postoperative intestinal recovery,reduces complications,improves nutritional status,and shortens hospital stays in refractory functional constipation patients undergoing Jinling procedure,supporting its clinical adoption.

The efficacy mechanism of the alcoholic extract of Gnaphalium affine was investigated by observing its influence on oxidative stress and intestinal flora in rats modeled for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). UPLC-MS was used to evaluate the quality of the alcoholic extract of G. affine, and 72 rats were randomly divided into six groups, with COPD models established in five groups by cigarette smoke combined with airway drip lipopolysaccharide, and the rats were given the positive drug of Danlong Oral Solution, as well as low-, medium-, and high-doses alcoholic extract of G. affine, respectively. After two weeks of continuous gastric gavage, the body weights and general morphology observations were performed; HE staining and Masson staining were used to verify the effects of the alcoholic extract of G. affine on alveolar inflammation and collagen deposition area in COPD rats; the oxidative stress indexes CAT and GSH in serum and SOD and MDA in lung tissue of the rats were measured, and the mRNA expression of HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1 were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1 were determined by the Western blot method, and the mechanism by which the alcoholic extract of G. affine affected oxidative stress in COPD rats was explored. Finally, the influence of G. affine on the changes in intestinal flora caused by COPD was studied by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that a total of 121 chemical components were identified by UPLC-MS, including 70 positive and 51 negative ion modes. In animal experiments, it was found that the alcoholic extracts of G. affine were able to reduce the percentage of collagen deposition, affect the oxidative stress indexes such as CAT, GSH, SOD, MDA, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed an increase in the level of Lactobacillales and a decrease in the level of Desulfovibrio and Desulfovibrionales, suggesting that the alcoholic extracts of G. affine could reverse the changes in intestinal flora caused by COPD. In conclusion, the alcoholic extracts of G. affine may exert anti-COPD effects by affecting the oxidative stress pathway and modulating the changes in intestinal flora.
Animals ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics* ; Rats ; Male ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Humans ; Lung/metabolism*

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Twelve pre-processing protocols for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)tissue samples were developed by orthogonal experimental design,incorporating different dewaxing buffers(Triton X-100 and xylene),lysis buffers(TFE and RapiGest),and enzyme digestion methods(iST,SP3,and FASP)to explore the optimal experimental conditions.These protocols were assessed based on protein and peptide identification depth,identification stability,and quantitative levels of protein abundance.The results indicated that Triton X-100 and xylene minimally impacted proteomics identification,whereas the TFE lysis buffer and iST digestion method significantly enhanced the proteomics analysis of FFPE samples.Considering the potential toxicity of xylene,the TTI protocol based on Triton X-100,TFE,and iST was determined to be the optimal choice.This protocol exhibited the best repeatability and stability,and a higher number of proteins associated with significant biological functions were identified.In conclusion,the established TTI protocol offered an efficient and comprehensive approach for proteomic analysis of FFPE samples,significantly enhancing the repeatability and stability of protein identification.