In the tumor microenvironment, a bidirectional feedback regulation exists between aberrant angiogenesis and antitumor immunity, which provides a basis for the synergistic effects of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy. The underlying mechanisms include relief of immunosuppression mediated by proangiogenic factors, induction of vascular normalization to reshape the immune microenvironment, and formation of a positive immune-vascular feedback loop. Based on these mechanisms, the combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy has demonstrated synergistic efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is gradually being moved forward to the neoadjuvant setting. However, in the perioperative treatment of resectable lung cancer, this regimen still faces challenges, including primary resistance, a brief window of vascular normalization, and an unclear understanding of spatial interaction mechanisms. This review systematically elucidates the synergistic mechanisms of antiangiogenic agents combined with immunotherapy in NSCLC and the latest advances of this combination strategy in the neoadjuvant therapy setting, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a common long-term complication following lung surgery. Its high incidence significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and functional recovery, and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. This consensus aims to systematically establish a standardized integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnostic and treatment framework for chronic post-lung surgery pain (CPLSP). Based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical research and multidisciplinary clinical experience, the working group comprehensively elaborates on core issues regarding CPLSP, including its definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical assessment, Western medical treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, and integrated strategies. The consensus emphasizes a patient-centered approach, adhering to the principles of multimodality, individualization, and stepwise management, highlighting the synergistic advantages of integrating Chinese and Western medicine throughout the entire perioperative management cycle encompassing "perioperative anti-inflammation, acute analgesia, and chronic rehabilitation." Through systematic literature retrieval and evidence integration, a total of 9 core recommendations were established to provide scientifically sound and clinically practical guidance.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

OBJECTIVE To screen a single matrix， prepare dissolving microneedles of Pterocarya hupehensis total flavonoids（PHTF-MN）， and characterize it while evaluating its analgesic effects.METHODS Using microneedle morphology and puncture rate as evaluation indicators， the matrix was screened from polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）， polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 （PVP K30）， PVP K90， and sodium hyaluronate with relative molecular weights of 15 000 and 60 000 （HA 1.5w and HA 6w ）. PHTF-MN was prepared by the layer-by-layer casting method with the selected matrix， and the appearance and morphology， total flavonoid content， mechanical properties， puncture performance， dissolution properties， and drug release behavior of the obtained PHTF-MN were characterized. Using male BALB/c mice as test subjects and aspirin （ASA） as a positive control， the analgesic effects of the microneedles were evaluated using a formalin-induced pain model.RESULTS Blank microneedles prepared with 30% HA 1.5w exhibited optimal surface flatness and the membrane puncture rate （through 4 layers of parafilm membrane） reaching 78%. The PHTF-MNs （with PHTF contents of 10， 20， 30， 40， and 50 mg/g in the matrix） exhibited uniform arrays and intact tips， with RSDs for total flavonoid contents all below 7% （ n ＝8）. The single-needle puncture forces were 1.46 and 1.07 N （with PHTF contents of 30 and 50 mg/g in the matrix， respectively）. The skin penetration rate approached 100%， with visible puncture marks in the stratum corneum and drug residue （with a PHTF content of 50 mg/g in the matrix）. After 30 min of fixation， the needles had almost completely dissolved， and the skin retention rates all exceeded 90% （with PHTF contents of 10， 30， and 50 mg/g in the matrix， respectively）. The cumulative release within 8 h was （134.64±2.03） μg/cm 2 ， and the fit to the first-order kinetic equation （ R 2 ＝0.950 1） was highest （with a PHTF content of 50 mg/g in the matrix）. Low- and high-dose PHTF-MN （containing 85.26 and 145.03 μg of total flavonoids per patch， respectively； 1 patch/day） significantly shortened the cumulative time of phase Ⅱ pain response in mice （ P ＜0.05）， with pain inhibition rates （43.67% and 59.78%） comparable to those of ASA （53.70%）.CONCLUSIONS PHTF-MN using HA 1.5w as a single matrix was successfully prepared. This formulation features a simplified preparation process， uniform drug loading， favorable mechanical properties， resistance to fracture， and rapid dissolution. Its drug release behavior conforms to a first-order kinetic model， and its analgesic effect is comparable to that of ASA.

ObjectiveTo enhance the genetic diagnostic yield for fetal short femur length （FL） and to evaluate the integration of whole exome sequencing （WES） with chromosomal abnormality detection in prenatal diagnosis. MethodsA total of 27 mid-to-late trimester fetuses diagnosed with short FL ［FL < 5th percentile for gestational age or < -2 SD （Standard Deviation）］ at the Prenatal Diagnosis And Medical Genetics Center，Shenshan Medical Center，Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between November 2023 and May 2025 were included. Amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood samples were collected and subjected to chromosomal karyotyping （19cases）， chromosomal microarray analysis （CMA） or low-coverage whole genome copy number variation（CNV-Seq） （27 cases）， and trio-based whole exome sequencing （trio-WES） （27 cases）. The pathogenicity of genetic variants were interpreted according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics （ACMG） guidelines. ResultsTwenty-six genomic variants were detected in 17 of the 26 fetuses， including numerical chromosomal abnormalities （mosaic type）， copy number variations （CNVs）， single nucleotide variants （SNVs） and insertions-deletions （INDELs）. Genomic variants detected in 11 cases could explain the short femur phenotype.The overall diagnostic rate was 11/27， with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants explaining 9 cases and variants of uncertain significance （VUS） accounting for 1 cases. In addition Chromosomal karyotype analysis revealed chromosome mosaicism explaining 1 case. The diagnostic rate of CNV detection （CMA/CNV-seq） was 2/27， while WES achieved a diagnostic rate of 10/27， with an incremental yield of 8/27 in cases with negative or inconclusive CNV results. Pathogenic mutations involved genes such as FGFR3， SHOX， DUOX2， CLCN5， and HBA1/HBA2. ConclusionTrio-WES significantly improves the genetic diagnostic rate for fetal short femur length， particularly in cases where chromosomal analysis fails to identify a cause. Karyotyping remains valuable for detecting low-level mosaicism in large-scale chromosomal abnormalities， thereby complementing WES and CNV detection. A stepwise or parallel genetic testing strategy is recommended in prenatal diagnosis to optimize diagnostic efficiency and support clinical decision-making.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an extremely dangerous aortic dilating disease, with a high mortality rate once ruptured. With the advancement of imaging techniques such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), the detection rate of this disease has increased correspondingly. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial for reducing mortality and improving patient prognosis. Compared to traditional open surgery, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for AAA is minimally invasive, using a stent graft to isolate the aneurysm sac as a whole, preventing arterial blood from entering the sac and further preventing the aneurysm from progressing or rupturing. Due to the characteristics of EVAR, precise preoperative assessment of AAA anatomy is required to develop a surgical plan for selecting the appropriate stent diameter and length. However, current attention on preoperative assessment of EVAR is more focused on the neck landing zone of the aneurysm, its shape, calcification, etc., while there is relatively less attention and lack of uniform standards for the selection and positioning judgment of the distal landing zone of the iliac artery. And, a growing number of studies have shown that improper treatment of the distal landing zone may lead to complications such as type Ⅰb endoleak and restenosis after stent implantation, affecting the prognosis of patients. This article provides a review of the current domestic and international methods and progress in the preoperative assessment of the distal landing zone for EVAR.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and output stability of online general natural language processing(NLP)models for staging diagnosis and identifying medium-and high-risk factors in cervical cancer patients based on pathology reports.Methods:Surgical pathological reports of 65 patients with cervical cancer who received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy at Shanghai General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected.These reports were input into two online NLP models,Kimi and ChatGPT-4o,and their output staging diagnosis results were recorded.Then,the results were classified into 3 categories and scored as follows:correct(2 points),basically correct(1 point)and incorrect(0 point).Each pathologic report was tested 5 times to assess the stability of the outputs form Kimi and ChatGPT-4o,and the consistency between the NLP models and clinical physicians in cervical cancer staging was compared.Prompt-based questioning was used to evaluate Kimi's ability to extract medium-and high-risk factors from the pathology reports of cervical cancer patients.Results:There was no statistical significant difference in the staging diagnosis results between the two NLP models and the clinical physicians(x2=5.740,P=0.057).Kimi and ChatGPT-4o respectively produced 56 and 47 correct results,6 and 15 basically correct results,and 3 and 3 incorrect results.Their mean scores were 7.08±2.70 and 7.97±2.97,and the difference between them was statistically significant(P=0.040).In the extraction of risk factors from 65 cervical cancer patients,involving a total of 390 factors,Kimi made only three false-positive errors,with all other factors correctly identified.Conclusion:Online general NLP models can stably output the stage of cervical cancer patients with diagnostic accuracy comparable to clinical physicians.With the assistance of prompt-based questioning,these NLP models can accurately extract medium-and high-risk factors from pathology reports of cervical cancer patients,demonstrating promising clinical application potential.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

Aim To explore the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)on lipocalin 2(LCN2)-induced fer-roptosis in HT22 cells and the related mechanism.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used to establish the middle cerebral artery occlu-sion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model by the suture method.The rats were randomly divided into the Sham group,the MCAO/R group,and the MCAO/R+HSYA group.The infarct area was measured by TTC staining,and the degree of neurological deficit was evaluated by the Z-Longa scoring method.The expressions of LCN2 and 24P3R in brain tissues were detected by Western blot.LCN2 protein was added to HT-22 cells,and the cells were divided into the normal group,the LCN2 group,and the LCN2+HSYA group.The optimal con-centration of LCN2-induced neuronal ferroptosis was screened by LDH assay and Western blot,and the ex-pression levels of ferritin,FPN1,GPX4,SLC7A11,COX2,and 24P3R were detected.LCN2 was knocked down by siRNA transfection,and the expressions of GPX4 and ferritin were detected.The contents of glu-tathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),GPX4,and Fe2+were determined by colorimetry,and the expres-sion of GPX4 was detected by immunofluorescence.The binding force between HSYA and LCN2 was ana-lyzed by molecular docking technology.Results Ani-mal experiments showed that HSYA could reduce the cerebral infarction area and decrease the neurological function score of MCAO/R rats.Compared with the sham group,the levels of LCN2 and 24P3R increased in the MCAO/R group,while HSYA inhibited their ex-pressions.Cell experiments showed that the optimal concentration of LCN2 to induce ferroptosis in HT22 cells was 2 μmol·L-1.After knocking down LCN2 by siRNA transfection,compared with the LCN2 group,the expression levels of GPX4 and ferritin in the siLCN2 group increased significantly.Compared with the nor-mal group,the expressions of SLC7A11,GPX4,FPN1,ferritin,and GSH in the LCN2 group decreased signifi-cantly,while the concentration of Fe2+,and the expres-sions of MDA,COX2,and 24P3R increased.HSYA could increase the expressions of SLC7A11,GPX4,FPN1,ferritin,and GSH,reduce the contents of Fe2+and MDA,and inhibit the expressions of COX2 and 24P3R.Molecular docking showed that the binding en-ergy between HSYA and LCN2 was-8.0 kJ·mol-1.Conclusion HSYA can inhibit LCN2-induced ferrop-tosis in HT22 cells through the SLC7A11/GPX4 signa-ling pathway.

AIM:To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of Pterocarya hupehensis Skan(PHSTF)on dex-tran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)mouse model and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.METHODS:Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice(6 to 8 weeks old,SPF grade)were randomly di-vided into 6 groups:negative control(NC)group,3%DSS-induced model group,mesalazine(300 mg·kg-1·d-1)group,and low-dose(62.5 mg·kg-1·d-1),medium-dose(125 mg·kg-1·d-1)and high-dose(250 mg·kg-1·d-1)PHSTF treatment groups,with 6 mice in each group.The mice in NC group received distilled water,while those in other groups were treated with a 3%DSS solution for 7 d to induce the UC model.On the 1st day of DSS administration,the mice in treatment groups received the corresponding agents via oral gavage for 10 d,while those in NC and model groups were gavaged with distilled water.Throughout the study,the effects of PHSTF on body weight,fecal blood,and colon length were measured and recorded daily.Histopathological changes in colon tissues were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in colon tissues were quantified using ELISA.The LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model was employed to evaluate the cellular effects of PHSTF.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay,and cell morphology was observed under a microscope.The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers[IL-1β,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-10 and arginase-1(Arg-1)]was measured by RT-qPCR.Western blot and immunofluorescence double labeling were used to detect the protein expression of macrophage polarization markers(iNOS,CD206 and Arg-1).Finally,immunohistochemistry(IHC)was utilized to as-sess protein expression of iNOS in colon tissues.RESULTS:Compared to the DSS-induced UC model group,PHSTF sig-nificantly improved several parameters,including weight loss(P<0.05),rectal bleeding,and colon shortening in DSS-treated mice.PHSTF also reduced histopathological damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon.It decreased IL-1β levels(P<0.05)and increased IL-10 levels(P<0.05)in colon tissues.In LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells,PHSTF reduced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and iNOS(P<0.01),while upregulating the mRNA expression of IL-10 and Arg-1(P<0.01).Additionally,PHSTF decreased iNOS protein expression(P<0.01)and elevated the expression of Arg-1 and CD206 proteins(P<0.01).IHC analysis further confirmed that PHSTF downregulated iNOS protein expression in colon tissues.CONCLUSION:Treatment with PHSTF promotes the polarization of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype,thereby alleviating inflammation in colon tissue and ameliorating ulcer-ative colitis in mice.