·Rodents have been used widely in the research of eye diseases to study visual function in animal models. Two methods of visual acuity testing in animals have been internationally recognized:the electrophysiological visual acuity test and the behavioral visual acuity test. Both of these methods have their advantages and limitations. The electrophysiology test (visual evoked potential) is invasive, and animals need recovery time after being implanted with electrodes. Also,the electrophysiological visual acuity test only reflects the electrical activity of a single cell or nuclei, it does not reflect the overall visual function of the animal. The widely used behavioral visual acuity test is able to compensate for these limitations. This paper gives a brief overview of the methods of the behavioral visual acuity test for rodents (rats, mice, guinea pigs,etc.).

Objective:To explore the effect of modified pancreaticojejun-ostomy on incidence of severe pancreatic fistula after pancreato-duodenecto my.Methods:The clinical data of 64 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy with application of duct-to-mucoca pancreaticcojejunostomy were analyzed retrospectively.Interrupted suture technique and modified technique were performed in 31 and 33 patients,respectively.Postoperative complications,data during and after pan-creatoduodenectomy between two groups were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss,operating time,postoperative morbidity of gastrointestinal,intraabdominal hemorrhage,delayed gastric emptying,and intraabdominal abscess(P＞0.05).Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (P＞0.05),the grades B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula in modified parachute suture group was significantly less than in interrupted suture group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Modified pancreaticojejunostomy technique in pancreatoduodenectomy can reduce the incidence of severe postoperativepancreatic fistula.

Background: Disease-modifying therapy is the standard treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in remission. The primary objective of the current analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of two teriflunomide doses (7 mg and 14 mg) in the subgroup of Chinese patients with relapsing MS included in the TOWER study. Methods: TOWER was a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group (three groups), placebo-controlled study. This subgroup analysis includes 148 Chinese patients randomized to receive either teriflunomide 7 mg (n = 51), teriflunomide 14 mg (n = 43), or placebo (n = 54). Results: Of the 148 patients in the intent-to-treat population, adjusted annualized relapse rates were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 0.92) in the placebo group, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.70) in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.36) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group; this corresponded to a significant relative risk reduction in the teriflunomide 14 mg group versus placebo (-71.2%, P = 0.0012). Teriflunomide 14 mg also tended to reduce 12-week confirmed disability worsening by 68.1% compared with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.319, P = 0.1194). There were no differences across all treatment groups in the proportion of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; 72.2% in the placebo group, 74.5% in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 69.8% in the teriflunomide 14 mg group); corresponding proportions for serious adverse events were 11.1%, 3.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. The most frequently reported TEAEs with teriflunomide versus placebo were neutropenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, and hair thinning. Conclusions: Teriflunomide was as effective and safe in the Chinese subpopulation as it was in the overall population of patients in the TOWER trial. Teriflunomide has the potential to meet unmet medical needs for MS patients in China. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00751881; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00751881?term=NCT00751881&rank=1.
China ; Crotonates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Multiple Sclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Toluidines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated whether genetic variability in protocadherin related 15 (PCDH15) underlies an increased susceptibility to the development of NIHL in a Chinese population. The results showed that compared with the TT genotype of rs11004085, CT/CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of NIHL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-6.11, P = 0.024]. Additionally, significant interactions between the rs11004085 and rs978842 genetic variations and noise exposure were observed in the high-level exposure groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the risk haplotype TAGCC was observed when combined with higher levels of noise exposure (P < 0.05). Thus, our study confirms that genetic variations in PCDH15 modify the susceptibility to NIHL development in humans.
Cadherins ; genetics ; China ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Objectives:To analyze the clinical value and safety of total laparoscopic gastro-duodenal triangle anastomosis in radical surgery of distal gastric cancer.Methods:Sixty patients with gastric cancer treated from May 2013 to August 2016 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 cases in each group.The experimental group was given laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastro-duodenal anastomosis,while the control group was given laparoscopic auxiliary distal gastrectomy for radical gastrectomy.The clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the control group,the operation time of the experimental group was longer,the blood loss was less,the distal margin of the tumor was longer,the postoperative pain score was lower and the dosage of analgesics was less (P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in TNM stage and Lauren classification between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was 6.67％,which was lower than that in the control group(10.0％),but the difference was no Statistical significance (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Total laparoscopic distal gastric cancer Gastro-duodenal triangle anastomosis is effective and safe,and worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the serum level of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and explore its correlation with MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with coronary artery disease (CHD).

METHODSA total of 103 CHD patients treated in our hospital between October, 2013 and May, 2014 were enrolled, including 39 with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 39 with unstable angina (UA), and 25 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with 38 non-CHD volunteers as the control group. The serum levels of ICTP, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were detected in all the subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSNo significant difference in serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, or ICTP was found between the control and SAP groups or between UA and AMI groups (P>0.05), but the latter two groups had significantly higher serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and ICTP than the former two groups (P<0.05). Serum ICTP level was found to negatively correlated with the fibrotic area and positively with the lipid component in the plaques (P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations of serum ICTP with MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAn elevated serum ICTP level is indicative of the presence of unstable plaques in CHD patients. Serum ICTP is more strongly correlated with MMP-2 than with MMP-9, and can be used as a non-invasive marker for assessing vulnerable plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angina Pectoris ; Angina, Unstable ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Collagen Type I ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Myocardial Infarction

Objective ] To study the molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella diarrhea cases in sentinel hospitals through active surveillance system conducted by public health laboratory. [ Methods] Two sentinel hospitals were chosen for collection of stool specimens from food-borne infectious diarrhea cases and for Salmonella separation and detection immediately following serotyping and antimicrobial susceptible test ( AST ) on those isolates .Moreover , pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) was used for the genetic homology analysis . [ Results] A total of 2 579 diarrhea specimens were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2012, with 185 Salmonella isolates, covering 23 different serotypes (annual positive rates were 9.1%, 6.8%, 5.1%, with an average 7.2%).Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis(S.Enteritidis) and Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium) were the most common serotypes, of which 68.9% cases were seen in those aged 21 to 60 and 21.4% cases in those over 60 years old. 27.7%-96.9%S.Enteritidis and 2.6%-63.2% S.Typhimurium(P all <0.05) proved resistant to Nalidixic acid, Sultisoxazole, Streptomycin, Sulfamethoxydiazine, Gentamicinand Tetracycline. PFGE analysis on 22 S.Enteritidis strains showed 11 different clusters , while 20 S.Typhimurium strians showed 6. [Conclusion] S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium are the most common Salmonella serotypes, and molecular typing indicates the existence of clustering and sporadic outbreaks caused by dominance clones . We should be alert to early warnings on potential outbreaks of multiple-drug-resistant ( MDR ) S.Enteritidis.Active surveillance system based on public health laboratory should play an important role in the control of food-borne infectious diseases .

Objective To develop a musculoskeletal multi-body dynamic model of the patient-specific total knee replacement (TKR), and to simulate knee joint biomechanical characters of the patient during right-turn gait. Methods Based on the musculoskeletal dynamic software AnyBody and the method of force-dependent kinematics as well as the related data from a patient with TKR, the corresponding patient specific lower extremity musculoskeletal multi-body dynamic model was constructed and then used to simulate the right-turn gait of the patient. The knee contact forces, motion, muscle activations and ligament forces were predicted simultaneously by inverse dynamics analysis on such right-turn gait. ResultsThe root mean square error of the predicted average tibiofemoral medial contact force and lateral contact force were 285 N and 164 N, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.95 and 0.61, respectively. The predicted average patellar contact force was 250 N. The predicted contact forces and muscle activations were consistent with those in vivo measurements obtained from the patient. In addition, the model also predicted the average range of tibiofemoral rotations of flexion-extension, internal-external, varus-valgus as 3°-47°, -3.4°-1.5°, 0.2°--1.5°, and the average range of tibiofemoral translations of anterior-posterior, inferior-superior, medial-lateral as 2.6-9 mm, 1.6-3.2 mm, 4.2-5.2 mm, respectively. The predicted average peak value of the medial, lateral collateral ligament force and posterior cruciate ligament force were 190, 108, 108 N, respectively. Conclusions The developed model can predict in vivo knee joint biomechanics, which offers a robust computational platform for future study on the failure mechanisms of knee prosthesis in clinic.

In this paper the contents of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, crytotanshinone, tanshinone II(A) in samples of different original processed Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were determined by HPLC. Different processing methods have varied influences on four active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Sun-drying reduced the content of crytotanshinone, tanshi-none II(A) and rosmarinic acid, integralsamples were better than those cut into segments. Oven dry method had great influence on water--soluble ingredients, high temperature (80-100 degrees C) could easily cause big loss of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The role of traditional processing method "fahan: was complicated, the content of rosmarinic acid decreased, crytotanshinone and tanshinone II(A) increased, and salvianolic acid B showed no difference after "fahan". Drying in the shade and oven dry under low temperatrure (40-60 degrees C) were all effective to keep active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and, there was no difference between integral samples and samples cut into segments. Therefore, considering comprehensively the content of active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and processing costing etc., shade-drying or oven dry underlow temperature (40-60 degrees C) should be the most suitable original processing method.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature