In recent years, China's manned space program has advanced rapidly, with deep space exploration missions such as manned lunar landing steadily progressing, leading to a significant extension of astronauts' duration in outer space. In this context, the impact of the space magnetic field environment on astronaut health has become increasingly conspicuous. Characterized by its complexity, the spatial magnetic field indirectly regulates the circadian rhythm system by interfering with mitochondrial functions, such as electron transport chain activity, ATP synthesis efficiency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. This disruption can lead to circadian misalignment, sleep disorders, metabolic dysregulation, and other issues, severely compromising astronauts' physical and mental well-being, as well as mission performance. Currently, researchers have carried out extensive investigations into the influence of the space magnetic environment on circadian rhythms. Nevertheless, due to disparities in magnetic field parameters, exposure durations, and the model organisms employed in experiments, the results have been inconsistent. This review systematically elaborates on ground-based simulation technologies for spatial magnetic field environments and their applications, summarizes the effects of magnetic fields with varying intensities and types on core circadian rhythm biomarkers in model organisms and humans, and explores the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms of magnetic field-induced circadian rhythm perturbation. This work aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of the space magnetic environment on biological rhythms, and establish a scientific basis for formulating adaptive protective strategies centered on circadian regulation for astronauts, thereby ensuring the successful implementation of long-term deep-space missions.
Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields/adverse effects* ; Space Flight ; Animals ; Extraterrestrial Environment

This study employed the "disease-medicine-dose" pattern to mine the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions containing Astragali Radix in ancient Chinese medical books, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines. The TCM prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were retrieved from databases such as Chinese Medical Dictionary and imported into Excel 2020 to construct the prescription library. Statical analysis were performed for the prescriptions regarding the indications, syndromes, medicine use frequency, herb effects, nature and taste, meridian tropism, dosage forms, and dose. SPSS statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for association rules analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2 297 prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were collected, involving 233 indications, among which sore and ulcer, consumptive disease, sweating disorder, and apoplexy had high frequency(>25), and their syndromes were mainly Qi and blood deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, Yin and Yang deficiency, and Qi deficiency and collateral obstruction, respectively. In the prescriptions, 98 medicines were used with the frequency >25 and they mainly included Qi-tonifying medicines and blood-tonifying medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were frequently used. The medicines with high frequency mainly have warm or cold nature, and sweet, pungent, or bitter taste, with tropism to spleen, lung, heart, liver, and kidney meridians. In the treatment of sore and ulcer, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to promote granulation and heal up sores. In the treatment of consumptive disease, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 37.30 g and combined with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to tonify deficiency and replenish Qi. In the treatment of sweating disorder, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to consolidate exterior and stop sweating. In the treatment of apoplexy, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 7.46 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to dispell wind and stop convulsions. Astragali Radix can be used in the treatment of multiple system diseases, with the effects of tonifying Qi and ascending Yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and expressing toxin and promoting granulation. According to the manifestations of different diseases, when combined with other medicines, Astragali Radix was endowed with the effects of promoting granulation and healing up sores, tonifying deficiency and Qi, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and dispelling wind and replenishing Qi. The findings provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry* ; China ; Astragalus propinquus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability of bone metabolism levels among different populations and its association with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. METHODS: A total of 50 people (control group) who participated in physical examination from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected, including 26 males and 24 females, wtih a mean aged of (52.14±9.04) years old ranging 41 to 65 years old. The other 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis(case group) who attended the outpatient clinic of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in the same time period, including 19 males and 31 females, with a mean age of (53.60±7.76) years old ranging 40 to 65 years. The two groups of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) and bone metabolism markers, such as 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol[25(OH)D], β-isomerized typeⅠcollagen C-telopeptide breakdown products (β-CTX), total typeⅠprocollagen N-terminal propeptide (t-PINP), osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH) levels were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between two groups of bone metabolism related markers and WOMAC. RESULTS: The WOMAC score of the case group (39.90±2.34) was higher than that of the control group (3.60±0.57), with significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups of 25 (OH)D, β-CTX and PTH (P>0.05). The t-PINP and OC of the case group were (62.90±52.40) and (19.88±10.15) ng·ml-1, respectively, and those of the control group were (38.86±10.82) and (14.90±3.62) ng·ml^-1, respectively;the t-PINP and OC of the case group were higher than those of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that t-PINP was positively correlated with WOMAC pain score in the case group (r²=0.045, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Bone metabolism levels in the serum of patients with knee osteoarthritis are different from those of healthy people, and the difference between OC and t-PINP is the most obvious, and the concentration of t-PINP levels is positively correlated with pain symptoms in patients with KOA. However, the specific mechanism of correlation between the bone metabolism levels of patients with KOA and their pain symptoms needs to be further elucidated by basic experimental research as well as by enlarging the samples.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism* ; Aged ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Pain/etiology* ; Biomarkers/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) in Gansu, China, providing foundational data for intervention strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 159 PKU families who attended Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital from January 2012 to December 2024. Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, whole exome sequencing, and deep intronic variant analysis were used to analyze the PAH gene. RESULTS: For the 1 159 children with PKU, 2 295 variants were identified in 2 318 alleles, resulting in a detection rate of 99.01%. The detection rates were 100% (914/914) in 457 classic PKU families, 99.45% (907/912) in 456 mild PKU families, and 96.34% (474/492) in 246 mild hyperphenylalaninemia families. The 2 295 variants detected comprised 208 distinct mutation types, among which c.728G>A (14.95%, 343/2 295) had the highest frequency, followed by c.611A>G (4.88%, 112/2 295) and c.721C>T (4.79%, 110/2 295). The cumulative frequency of the top 23 hotspot variants reached 70.28% (1 613/2 295), and most variant alleles were detected in exon 7 (29.19%, 670/2 295). CONCLUSIONS Deep intronic variant analysis of the PAH gene can improve the genetic diagnostic rate of PKU. The development of targeted detection kits for PAH hotspot variants may enable precision screening programs and enhance preventive strategies for PKU.
Humans ; Phenylketonurias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase/genetics* ; Mutation ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Child ; Infant

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of rashes induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in children treated for pertussis and to inform safe medication practices. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 238 children diagnosed with pertussis and treated with TMP-SMZ at Wuhu First People's Hospital from January to August 2024. The incidence and clinical features of rashes were summarized. RESULTS: Of 238 children, 34 (14.3%) developed rashes; 19 (55.9%) were boys, and the 5 to <10-year age group accounted for the highest proportion (70.6%, 24/34). A history of allergic disease was present in 50.0% (17/34). Rashes typically appeared on or after day 7 of therapy (82%, 28/34) and were predominantly erythematous or maculopapular eruptions (97%, 33/34); 71% (24/34) were pruritic. Fever occurred in 56% (19/34); among those who were tested for respiratory viruses, 77% (10/13) were positive for viruses such as rhinovirus and adenovirus. After discontinuation of TMP-SMZ, rashes resolved within 3 days in 97% (33/34) of patients (41% within 1 day; 56% within more than 1 but within 3 days). There was no significant difference in rash incidence between photoprotection and non-photoprotection groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TMP-SMZ for pertussis can induce rashes, particularly in children aged 5 to <10 years. The eruption is usually a pruritic erythematous or maculopapular rash, with over half of cases accompanied by fever and frequent concomitant viral infections. Most rashes resolve within 3 days after drug withdrawal. The potential association between the rash and sun exposure warrants further investigation.
Humans ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Female ; Exanthema/chemically induced* ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Whooping Cough/drug therapy* ; Adolescent

Aim To investigate the effects of Congrong San(CRS)on learning and memory ability,hippocam-pal neuronal injury,and ferroptosis in rats with Alzhei-mer's disease(AD)and to explore the related mecha-nisms.Methods AD rat models were established and divided into Sham,Model,CRS low-dose,CRS medium-dose,CRS high-dose,and memantine groups.After treatment,Morris water maze,HE and Nissl staining,transmission electron microscopy,immunofluorescence staining,Western blot,and kit assays were performed to assess learning and memory ability,hippocampal neuro-nal injury,ferroptosis-related indicatorsand glucose reg-ulated protein 78 ku(GRP78)-(proteinkinaseR-li-keERkinase)PERK-(activating transcription factor 4)ATF4 pathway protein expression.Results Com-pared with the model group,rats in the CRS medium-and high-dose groups and the memantine group showed significant improvement in learning and memory abili-ty,reduced hippocampal neuronal injury,increased number of Nissl bodies,and ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum swelling and mitochondrial damage.In addi-tion,the expressions of GRP78,p-PERK/PERK,and ATF4 were downregulated,while GPX4 expression was upregulated in the CRS medium-and high-dose groups and the memantine group.Moreover,MDA content de-creased,and SOD and GSH-PX levels increased in these groups.Conclusions CRS can improve the learning and memory ability in AD rats,reduce hipp-ocampal neuronal injury and ferroptosis,and its mecha-nism may be related to the inhibition of the GRP78-PERK-ATF4 pathway,enhancement of GPX4 expres-sion,and reduction of oxidative stress levels,providing a new approach for the clinical treatment of AD.

Objective : To explore the polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) gene in umbilical cord blood of preterm infants and its relationship with major complications in preterm infants. Methods : A total of 254 preterm infants(<37 weeks) who were hospitalized were selected as the study subjects. Umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery to determine the genotypes and alleles of eNOS gene at three loci: rs61722009, rs2070744,and rs1799983. Clinical data of the preterm infants were recorded, and the relationship between eNOS gene polymorphism and major complications in preterm infants was analyzed. Results: (1) The TC+CC genotype at locus rs2070744 was an independent risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in preterm infants, with an OR(95%CI) of 1.266(1.017-1.577).(2) The GT+TT genotype at locus rs1799983 was an independent risk factor for retinopathy prematurity(ROP), with an OR(95%CI) of 1.184(1.008-1.391).(3) The AB+AA genotype at locus rs61722009 was also an independent risk factor for ROP,with an OR(95%CI) of 1.335(1.033-1. 726).(4) There was no significant relationship between gene polymorphism and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome( RDS) and periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage( PIVH). Conclusion eNOS gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of BPD and ROP in preterm infants. The evaluation of e NOS gene polymorphism by umbilical cord blood measurement is helpful for the prevention and correct management of some serious complications.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Cong Rong San on AD model rats based on protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)-nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Cong Rong San groups(4.62,9.24,18.48 g·kg-1)and donepezil group,with 10 mice in each group.All groups of rats received bilateral hippocampal injections of Aβ1-42 to establish the AD model,except the normal group.After the intragastric administration,the Morris water maze behavior test was performed for rats to test-ed the learning and memory abilities.Nissl staining was detected the quantity and Nissl bodies of nerve cells.To detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by immu-nofluorescence.To observe the ultrastructure of endo-plasmic reticulum by Transmission electron microsco-py.ELISA for Aβ1-42 and inflammatory cytokines quantification.Western blot was used to detect the ex-pression level of protein in the hippocampus in PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The morris water maze results showed that Cong Rong San im-proved the escape latency time,increased the number of platform crossings,and prolonged the time spent in the target quadrant in AD rats.(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Nissl staining shows the neuronal cells are ar-ranged neatly,nucleus are present and the number of Nissl bodies was numerous and the number of neurons was increased in various doses of Cong Rong San.Im-munofluorescence showed that the expression of NF-κB in the nucleus of rats was decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The shape of endoplasmic reticulum was neat,no significantly expanded,and the structure was normal in various doses of Cong Rong San.The levels of Aβ1-42,IL-1,TNF-α and the ratio of p-PERK/PERK,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in hippo-campus of Cong Rong San group was significantly de-creased in ELISA and Western blot test(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Cong Rong San can alleviates the immune inflammatory response of neuronal cells in the ERS state for improve the learning and memory a-bility of AD rats,the mechanism of action may through restraint the activation of PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signa-ling pathway.

AIM To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA in a mouse model of chronic colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS).METHODS The BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the low-dose and high-dose tanshinone ⅡA groups(10,20 mg/kg).Chronic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was induced in the model and tanshinone ⅡA groups by epicutaneous application of 3.75 mg TNBS(dissolved in 48％ethanol),followed by intrarectal administration of TNBS(0.75,1.5 and 2.25 mg in 40％ethanol)on days 7,14 and 21.Starting on day 7 post-modeling,the mice underwent their 14-day consecutive dosing of corresponding drugs by gavage.The mice had their disease activity index(DAI)assessed;their colon length and weight measured;and their levels of inflammatory factors IFN-γ and TNF-α in the colon mucosa detected by ELISA.The wild-type and PXR-/-mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the tanshinone ⅡA group(20 mg/kg).After modeling and drug administration using the aforementioned method,Masson staining was used to assess the intestinal fibrosis;immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the colon expression of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins;and immunofluorescence was used to detect the colon expression of NF-κB p65.RESULTS Tanshinone ⅡA(20 mg/kg)reduced DAI scores,colon weight/length ratio,and the colon levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α of the mouse models(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the WT control group,the WT model group and PXR-/-control group exhibited increased colon histopathological scores and fibrosis areas(P＜0.01),decreased protein expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin(P＜0.01),and increased expression of p-NF-κB p65(P＜0.01).Compared with the WT model group,the WT tanshinone ⅡA group showed reduced colon weight/length ratio,histopathological scores,and fibrosis areas(P＜0.01);increased protein expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased expression of p-NF-κB p65(P＜0.01).However,tanshinone ⅡA showed no significant therapeutic effect upon PXR-/-model mice(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION Tanshinone ⅡA(20 mg/kg)can effectively alleviate TNBS-induced chronic colitis in mice,and this protective effect may be exerted by the modulation of PXR/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Medical engineering in TCM medical institutions in Guizhou Province was described in terms of its development status and problems in functional positioning,professional title appraisal,unbalanced staff composition and discipline foun-dation.Some suggestions were put forward including determining the functional positioning and management mode of medical engineering institutions,promoting the professional title system for medical engineering staffs,strengthening medical engineering team and enhancing medical engineering discipline.References were provided for the development of medical engineering in TCM medical institutions in Guizhou Province.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):84-90]