Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) encompasses damage to nerves located outside the central nervous system, adversely affecting both motor and sensory functions. Although peripheral nerves possess an intrinsic capacity for self-repair, severe injuries frequently result in significant tissue loss and erroneous axonal junctions, thereby impeding complete recovery and potentially causing neuropathic pain. Various therapeutic strategies, including surgical interventions, biomaterials, and pharmacological agents, have been developed to enhance nerve repair processes. While preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the efficacy of certain pharmacological agents in promoting nerve regeneration and mitigating inflammation, only a limited number of these agents have been translated into clinical practice to expedite nerve regeneration. Chinese herb medicine (CHM) possesses a longstanding history in the treatment of various ailments and demonstrates potential efficacy in addressing PNI through its distinctive, cost-effective, and multifaceted methodologies. This review critically examines the advancements in the application of CHM for PNI treatment and nerve regeneration. In particular, we have summarized the most commonly employed and rigorously investigated CHM prescriptions, individual herbs, and natural products, elucidating their respective functions and underlying mechanisms in the context of PNI treatment. Furthermore, we have deliberated on the prospective development of CHM in both clinical practice and fundamental research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses（HPIVs）infections in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection（ALRTI）in Changsha，Hunan from 2013 to 2023.Methods:The respiratory virus detection results,demographic characteristics and clinical data of children hospitalized with ALRTI in Children's Medical Center of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from January 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected.The epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms of HPIVs infection were analyzed.Results:During the study,59 725 children with ALRTI were included,the detection rate of HPIVs was 6.66% (3 978/59 725),among which,HPIV1,HPIV2,HPIV3 were detected in 753(1.26%) cases,217(0.36%) cases and 3 055(5.12%) cases,respectively.Among 3 978 cases infected with HPIVs,the overall detection rate in males was higher than that in females(6.99% vs. 6.14%),and the detection rate of HPIVs in 6-11 months old was higher than those in other age groups,with statistically significant differences( P<0.001).Among cases infected with HPIVs,the main clinical diagnosis were mild pneumonia (77.28%) and acute bronchiolitis (14.40%).The detection rate of HPIV3 was the highest (84.62%) in 208 HPIVs-positive children with severe pneumonia,and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001).The detection rate of HPIVs varied across different years,reaching its peak in 2020 with a detection rate of 13.99% ( P<0.001).The overall epidemic peak of HPIVs was in spring and summer.The seasonal epidemic characteristics in different types of HPIVs were not completely consistent.The detection rates of HPIV1(2.07%) and HPIV2(0.60%) were the highest in autumn,while that of HPIV3 (7.11%) was the highest in spring ( P<0.001).The seasonal epidemic characteristics of HPIVs have changed in different years:From 2013 to 2019,HPIVs was mainly prevalent in spring and summer,then shifted to summer and autumn in 2020,and autumn as well as winter in 2021 to 2022,then resumed in spring and summer in 2023. Conclusion:From 2013 to 2023,HPIVs in Changsha,Hunan Province had unique epidemiological characteristics.HPIV3 is the dominant type of HPIVs infection in the hospitalized children with ALRTI in Changsha，Hunan.The epidemic peak of HPIVs was postponed in 2020 to 2022.Paying attention to the continuous monitoring of HPIVs infection is helpful to guide clinicians' diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction(BBTD)in interfer-ing methamphetamine(MA)addiction using network pharmacology.Methods The mechanism of BBTD intervention in MA addiction was analyzed using net-work pharmacology,and MA-dependent SH-SY5Y cell model was further constructed to observe the effects of BBTD on cell model and PI3K-Akt pathway.Results A total of 88 active ingredients and 583 potential tar-gets of BBTD were screened.KEGG analysis showed that BBTD might intervene in MA addiction through PI3K-Akt,cAMP and other pathways.The molecular docking results showed that key active ingredients ex-hibited strong binding ability with core targets of PI3K-Akt pathway.In vitro experiments showed that MA-de-pendent model cells had shorter synapses,tended to be elliptical in morphology,had blurred cell boundaries,showed typical cell damage morphology,and had high intracellular expression of cAMP(P＜0.01)and low expression of 5-HT(P＜0.05).BBTD intervention could counteract the above morphology,cAMP,and 5-HT changes,suggesting that it had therapeutic effects on MA-dependent model cells.Western blot showed that MA modeling elevated the p-PI3K/PI3K(P＜0.05)and p-Akt/Akt(P＜0.01);BBTD inter-vention decreased their relative expression.Conclu-sions Gastrodin and other active ingredients in BBTD have therapeutic effects on MA addiction,and the mechanism may be related to regulation of PI3K-Akt pathway relevant targets.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-phase MRI-based radiomics machine learning models in differentiating small renal cell carcinoma(sRCC)from fat-poor renal angiomyolipoma(fp-AML).Methods 79 cases of sRCCs and 35 cases of fp-AMLs(diameter≤4 cm)which were confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The volume of interest(VOI)of the total tumor was manually delineated on the images of T2WI(T2),unenhanced phase(UP),corticomedullary phase(CMP)and nephrographic phase(NP)and then the radiomics of the VOIs were extracted respectively.The training set and the test set were set according to the ratio of 7∶3.The t-test,maximal relevance and minimal redundancy(mRMR)and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to select the radiomics features.The selected features were used to build classification models with logistic regression(LR)and support vector machine(SVM).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the classification performances of the models.Results There were 4,12,3,11 and 15 optimal features obtained from T2、UP、CMP、NP and the combined four phases,respectively.The radiomics features based on NP or the combined four phases with LR model performed best,AUCs were respectively 0.956,0.986 in the training set and both were 0.881 in the test set.Conclusion The multi-phase MRI-based radiomics machine learning model has favorable diagnostic performance in differentiating sRCC from fp-AML.

Aim To observe the effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction (GPXJY) on the structure and function of mitochondria of human hepatoma cell HepG2 cells and explore its possible mechanism. Methods CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Mito-Tracker Green fluorescence staining was used to observe the mitochondrial structure, flow cytometry was used to detect the membrane potential, Elisa was used to detect the ATP content, fluoroscopic electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure changes, and high-content screening(HCS) was used to detect the related proteins. Results Fluorescence staining showed that GPXJY damaged the mitochondria of HepG2 cells and decreased the content of ATP. The results of flow cytometry showed that GPXJY could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells. The results of electron microscope showed that GPXJY made the mitochondria of cancer cells swell and so on. HCS found that GPXJY significantly reduced the average fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and significantly increased the average fluorescence intensity of apoptosis promoting proteins Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, which was statistically significant. Conclusion GPXJY can regulate the structure and function of mitochondria in HepG2 cells.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on postoperative urination function in patients with mixed hemorrhoid surgery. METHODS: A total of 240 patients with mixed hemorrhoid surgery under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into an EA preconditioning group (group A, 60 cases, 9 cases dropped off), an intraoperative EA group (group B, 60 cases, 4 cases dropped off), a postoperative EA group (group C, 60 cases, 6 cases dropped off), and a non-acupuncture group (group D, 60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). In the groups A, B and C, EA was exerted at Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35) , with disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency, and lasting 30 min, at 30 min before lumbar anesthesia, immediately after lumbar anesthesia and 6 h after surgery, respectively. No EA intervention was performed in the group D. The postoperative urination smoothness score in each group was observed 24 h after surgery. The first urination time, first urination volume, urine residual volume after first urination were recorded, and incidence of indwelling catheterization, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, number of remedial analgesia, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in each group. RESULTS: In the groups A, B and C, the postoperative urination smoothness scores were superior to the group D (P<0.05), and the time of first urination was earlier than the group D (P<0.05). In the group C, the time of first urination was earlier than the group A and the group B (P<0.05), the first urination volume was higher than the group D (P<0.05), and the urine residual volume after first urination was lower than the group D (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of indwelling catheterization and postoperative nausea and vomiting among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The VAS scores of the group A, B and C were lower than that in the group D (P<0.05), and the number of remedial analgesia cases was lower than that in the group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EA intervention could promote the recovery of urination function and relieve postoperative pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids surgery. Early postoperative EA intervention is more conducive to the recovery of urination function.
Humans ; Electroacupuncture ; Hemorrhoids/surgery* ; Urination ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Acupuncture Points

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hypertension/genetics* ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics* ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on hyperlipidemia. Methods: Twins recruited from the CNTR in 11 project areas across China were included in the study. A total of 69 130 (34 565 pairs) of adult twins with complete information on hyperlipidemia were selected for analysis. The random effect model was used to characterize the population and regional distribution of hyperlipidemia among twins. The concordance rates of hyperlipidemia were calculated in monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ), respectively, to estimate the heritability. Results: The age of all participants was (34.2±12.4) years. This study's prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3% (895/69 130). Twin pairs who were men, older, living in urban areas, married,had junior college degree or above, overweight, obese, insufficient physical activity, current smokers, ex-smokers, current drinkers, and ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). In within-pair analysis, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia was 29.1% (118/405) in MZ and 18.1% (57/315) in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. Further, in within-same-sex twin pair analyses, the heritability of hyperlipidemia was 13.04% (95%CI: 2.61%-23.47%) in the northern group and 18.59% (95%CI: 4.43%-32.74%) in the female group, respectively. Conclusions: Adult twins were included in this study and were found to have a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than in the general population study, with population and regional differences. Genetic factors influence hyperlipidemia, but the genetic effect may vary with gender and area.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics* ; Metabolic Diseases ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

Objective: To explore the correlation between the attachment type of lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and the position of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by using wireless amplified magnetic resonance imaging detector (WAND) coupled with conventional head and neck joint coil for high resolution imaging of TMJ. Methods: Eighty-five patients with TMD diagnosed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from October 2019 to January 2022 were collected. A total of 160 TMJ were included. There were 16 males and 69 females, aged (32.7±14.2) years. All patients were scanned with open, closed oblique sagittal and coronal WAND coupled head and neck coils with bilateral TMJ. Based on TMJ and LPM high resolution imaging, to explore the correlation between LPM attachment types and the position of TMJ disc in TMD patients, and to evaluate the potential clinical value of LPM attachment types in TMD patients. χ² test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between LPM attachment type and TMJ disc location. Results: There were three types of LPM attachment: type Ⅰ in 51 cases [31.9% (51/160)], type Ⅱ in 77 cases [48.1% (77/160)] and type Ⅲ in 32 cases [20.0% (32/160)]. There was a significant correlation between the type of LPM attachment and the position of articular disc (χ²=28.20, P=0.002, r=0.776). There was no statistical significance between the type of LPM attachment and the reversible displacement of articular disc (χ²=0.24, P=0.887, r=0.825). Conclusions: There is a correlation between the attachment type of LPM and the position of the disc in TMD patients. WNAD coupled with conventional head and neck joint coil TMJ high resolution scan can provide reliable imaging evidence for TMD patients in evaluating the type of LPM attachment and the location of disc.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc/pathology* ; Pterygoid Muscles/pathology* ; Joint Dislocations ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology*