OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role and mechanism of copper overload-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in vascular endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS: Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, KD, KD plus copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), and KD plus ERS inhibitor AMG PERK 44 (AMG) (n=20 per group). A KD mouse model was established using Candida albicans extract. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into control (intervention with healthy children's serum), KD (intervention with KD patients' serum), and KD+TTM (intervention with KD patients' serum plus 20 µmol/L TTM). Copper deposition in mouse heart tissue was assessed using rubeanic acid staining. Vascular pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and measurement of abdominal aortic diameter and area. ERS activation was detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. HUVEC viability, apoptosis, and functional changes were evaluated using CCK8, flow cytometry, cell scratch assay, and angiogenesis experiments. ERS marker protein expression levels were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to the KD group, the KD+TTM and KD+AMG groups showed reduced copper deposition in the vascular wall, decreased swelling of coronary endothelial cells and endoplasmic reticulum, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and less abdominal aortic lesion expansion. The abdominal aortic diameter and area, and the fluorescence intensity of ERS marker proteins (GRP78 and CHOP) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared to the KD group, the KD+TTM group exhibited increased cell viability, tube number, and scratch healing rate, along with decreased apoptosis rate and expression of ERS marker proteins (GRP78, CHOP, ATF6, and p-PERK) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Copper overload aggravates vascular endothelial injury in KD by activating the ERS pathway. TTM can exert protective effects on the endothelium by regulating copper metabolism and inhibiting the ERS pathway.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Copper/toxicity* ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/metabolism* ; Animals ; Humans ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Apoptosis ; Endothelium, Vascular/injuries*

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the proportion of disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to aging population in common digestive system malignancies in China,and predict the proportion and the trends of DALYs attributed to aging proportion from 2022 to 2046.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the DALY data of esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gallbladder and biliary tract cancer of Chinese people aged≥25 years from 1990 to 2021 were selected.The age-period-birth models were used to predict the DALY of malignant tumors from 2022 to 2046.The changes of DALY from 1990 to 2046 were decomposed into population growth,population aging,and age-specific DALY rate changes,and analyze the proportion of DALY changes attributable to population aging and its change trend.Results From 1990 to 2021,the DALY change rates of esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gall-bladder and biliary tract cancer in Chinese people aged≥25 years were 18.20％,-0.34％,98.10％,164.16％,58.21％and 90.62％,respectively.Compared with 2021,the proportion of DALY changes attributed to population aging for six types of malignant tumors in 1990 was from-38.32％to-19.72％.The top three cancer types with the highest attribution ratios were stomach cancer(-38.32％),esophageal cancer(-38.07％),gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(-29.78％).The expected change rates of DALY for the six types of malignant tumors from 2021 to 2046 were 20.72％,11.50％,58.19％,57.38％,21.36％and 48.39％,respective-ly.By compared with 2021,the proportion of DALY changes of six malignant tumors attributed to population aging in 2046 was from 18.82％to 47.83％,and the top three cancers attributed to the proportion were gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(47.83％),color-ectal cancer(43.07％)and pancreatic cancer(38.76％).From 2022 to 2046,the proportion of DALY changes attributed to aging pop-ulation for the six types of malignant tumors would continue to rise(P＜0.001).The proportions of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer attributed to population aging and the proportion of age-specific DALY rate were both positive and rising(P＜0.001),which would eventually promote the further increase of DALY.Conclusion Population aging has become the main driving factor for the growth of DALY in digestive system malignant tumors in China.The impact on DALY of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer will be prominent in the future.Targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed to actively respond to population aging.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the proportion of disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to aging population in common digestive system malignancies in China,and predict the proportion and the trends of DALYs attributed to aging proportion from 2022 to 2046.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the DALY data of esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gallbladder and biliary tract cancer of Chinese people aged≥25 years from 1990 to 2021 were selected.The age-period-birth models were used to predict the DALY of malignant tumors from 2022 to 2046.The changes of DALY from 1990 to 2046 were decomposed into population growth,population aging,and age-specific DALY rate changes,and analyze the proportion of DALY changes attributable to population aging and its change trend.Results From 1990 to 2021,the DALY change rates of esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gall-bladder and biliary tract cancer in Chinese people aged≥25 years were 18.20％,-0.34％,98.10％,164.16％,58.21％and 90.62％,respectively.Compared with 2021,the proportion of DALY changes attributed to population aging for six types of malignant tumors in 1990 was from-38.32％to-19.72％.The top three cancer types with the highest attribution ratios were stomach cancer(-38.32％),esophageal cancer(-38.07％),gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(-29.78％).The expected change rates of DALY for the six types of malignant tumors from 2021 to 2046 were 20.72％,11.50％,58.19％,57.38％,21.36％and 48.39％,respective-ly.By compared with 2021,the proportion of DALY changes of six malignant tumors attributed to population aging in 2046 was from 18.82％to 47.83％,and the top three cancers attributed to the proportion were gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(47.83％),color-ectal cancer(43.07％)and pancreatic cancer(38.76％).From 2022 to 2046,the proportion of DALY changes attributed to aging pop-ulation for the six types of malignant tumors would continue to rise(P＜0.001).The proportions of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer attributed to population aging and the proportion of age-specific DALY rate were both positive and rising(P＜0.001),which would eventually promote the further increase of DALY.Conclusion Population aging has become the main driving factor for the growth of DALY in digestive system malignant tumors in China.The impact on DALY of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer will be prominent in the future.Targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed to actively respond to population aging.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the current epidemic situation of cancer in Yunnan province in 2020,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The data on the incidence and mortality of cancer were collected from 129 cancer registration areas in Yunnan province in 2020.A total of 89 counties(cities,dis-tricts)that met the quality control standards were included in this analysis.Among them,there were 16 in urban areas,covering a pop-ulation of 7,593,622(24.16%),and 73 in rural areas,covering a population of 23,838,542(75.84%).The number of malignant tumor cases,deaths,the crude incidence and China age-standardized incidence(China Standardized Incidence),the crude mortality and China age-standardized mortality(China Standardized Mortality),the cumulative incidence and mortality from 0 to 74 years old,as well as the order of cancer incidence and death were statistical analyzed.Results In 2020,66,719 new cases of cancer were re-ported from 89 tumor registration areas in Yunnan province,with a crude rate of 212.26/100,000 and the China age-standardized in-cidence of 150.33/100,000;The reported number of deaths from cancer was 39,251,with a crude mortality of 124.88/100,000 and the China age-standardized mortality of 82.45/100,000.The incidence and mortality of cancer were higher in men than those in fe-male,and higher in rural than those in urban areas.According to the crude incidence rate and crude mortality,the top 5 cancers with the highest crude incidence were lung cancer,female breast cancer,colo-rectum cancer,liver cancer and thyroid cancer,and the top 5 cancers with the highest crude mortality were lung cancer,liver cancer,colo-rectum cancer,stomach cancer and female breast cancer.Conclusion Lung cancer,liver cancer,colo-rectum cancer and female breast cancer are still the key cancers for prevention and con-trol in Yunnan province.The incidence of thyroid cancer is relatively high,and there are significant differences in the incidence and mortality of cancer between urban and rural areas and between sexes.The corresponding cancer prevention should be carried out ac-cording to the current epidemic situation of cancer in Yunnan province.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the trend of incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide a basis for the pre-vention and treatment of cervical cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The data of cervical cancer incidence and mortality were col-lected and sorted out in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020.The crude incidence,crude mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)(referred to the World standard incidence),age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)(referred to the World standard mortality)and other indicators of cervical canc-er in 2020 were statistically analyzed according to the urban and rural areas.The annual percent change(APC)was used to evaluate the changing trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2020,and the GM(1,1)model was used to predict the crude incidence and ASIRW from 2021 to 2025.Results In 2020,there were 2426 new cases of cervical cancer in tumor registration area of Yunnan province,ranking fifth in the incidence of female malignant tumors.The crude incidence and ASIRW were 15.83/100,000 and 11.16/100,000,respectively.There were 831 deaths from cervical cancer,ranking sixth deaths of female malignant tumors.The crude mortality and ASMRW were 5.42/100,000 and 3.52/100,000,respectively.ASIRW was higher in rural areas(11.86/100,000)than that in urban areas(9.11/100,000).ASMRW was slightly higher in urban areas(3.63/100,000)than that in rural areas(3.48/100,000).The age-specific incidence of cervical cancer increased rapidly after the age of 20,and reached a peak in the 55-59 age group;The age-specific mortality of cervical cancer increased rapidly after the age of 35,reaching a peak in the 75-79 age group.ASIRW of cervical cancer in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 showed a downward trend with annual changes(APC=-7.54%,95%CI:-13.19%--1.53%),and the trend change was statistically significant(P<0.05).The prediction of the GM(1,1)model showed that the crude incidence and ASIRW of cervical cancer in Yunnan province would continue to decline from 2021 to 2025.Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are relatively low in Yunnan province,but it is still a common malignant tumor in women.The incidence of cervical cancer in Yunnan province is showing a trend of becoming younger,and rural women are the key population for prevention and treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of liver cancer among residents in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the trend from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide reference for the pre-vention and control of liver cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The incidence and death data of all liver cancer patients included in the national cancer registration annual report from 2012 to 2020 in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province were collected.The crude incidence and crude mortality of liver cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020 were analyzed using Excel 2010 and SAS 9.4 statistical software,and the change trend of age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)of liver cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 was analyzed using Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software.Results In 2020,the crude incidence of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province was 20.32/100,000(male 29.41/100,000 and female 10.78/100,000),the crude incidence in urban areas was 19.45/100,000,the crude incidence in rural areas was 20.60/100,000.The crude mortality of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province was 20.54/100,000(male 29.60/100,000 and female 11.02/100,000),17.70/100,000 for urban areas,and 21.44/100,000 for rural areas.In 2020,the crude incidence in tumor registration areas of liver cancer in Yunnan province was at a low level before the age of 34,but rapidly increased at the age of 35.The peak rate of the 80-84 age group was 81.37/100,000,and the crude mortality was at a low level before the age of 34.After the age of 35,the mortality rapid-ly increased,and the peak rate of the 75-79 age group was 92.14/100,000.From 2012 to 2020,the annual change percentage of ASIRW of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province showed an upward trend(APC=1.82%,95%CI:0.07%-3.61%,t=2.45,P<0.05),and the annual change percentage of ASMRW showed an upward trend(APC=2.88%,95%CI:1.52%-4.26%,t=5.04,P<0.05).Conclusion In 2020,the crude incidence rate and crude mortality of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan Province were higher in men than in women,and higher in rural areas than in urban areas.From 2021-2020,ASIRW and ASMRW of liver cancer are on the rise.We should continue to strengthen the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in Yunnan Province,strengthen the early screening and diagnosis of liver cancer through the combination of medicine and prevention,improve the tumor registration report detection system,strengthen health education,and improve the overall health awareness and cancer prevention knowledge of residents.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor HUANG Li for the treatment of recurrent angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for coronary heart disease by data mining method.Methods The prescriptions for effective cases of recurrent angina pectoris after PCI for coronary heart disease treated by Professor HUANG Li in the outpatient department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital were collected.SPSS Statistics 26.0 software and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used for frequency statistics,analysis of the therapeutic actions,properties,flavors and meridian tropism of the prescribed herbs as well as association rule analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis of the herbs.Results A total of 344 Chinese medicine prescriptions were obtained,involving 209 herbs,with a cumulative frequency of 5 874 times.The top 30 Chinese medicinals were named as the high-frequency Chinese medicines,and the herbs with the frequency over 100 times in descending order were Astragali Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Poria,Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Curcumae Rhizoma,Sparganii Rhizoma,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Codonopsis Radix,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The high-frequency Chinese medicinals were mostly classified as blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs and qi-replenishing drugs.The medicinal properties of the drugs were characterized by being warm,mild,or cold,the flavors were predominated by being sweet,pungent or bitter,and the medicinals usually had the meridian tropism of the spleen,lung and liver meridians.A total of 30 association rules were mined out,cluster analysis yielded 5 herbal groups,and factor analysis yielded 11 groups of common factors.Conclusion For the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,Professor HUANG Li follows the theory of qi,blood and water,and especially pays more attention to the ascending and descending of qi movement.For qi deficiency and blood stasis contribute to the basic pathogenesis of recurrent angina pectoris after PCI,the therapy of benefiting qi,activating blood and removing stasis is recommended.Moreover,the simultaneous regulation of five zang-organs and simultaneous use of the cold and warm herbs are performed,and the herbs of benefiting qi and invigorating spleen,resolving phlegm and inducing diuresis,tranquilizing mind,promoting qi and dissipating masses,and activating blood to eliminate stasis are used for adjuvant therapy.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the current epidemic situation of cancer in Yunnan province in 2020,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The data on the incidence and mortality of cancer were collected from 129 cancer registration areas in Yunnan province in 2020.A total of 89 counties(cities,dis-tricts)that met the quality control standards were included in this analysis.Among them,there were 16 in urban areas,covering a pop-ulation of 7,593,622(24.16%),and 73 in rural areas,covering a population of 23,838,542(75.84%).The number of malignant tumor cases,deaths,the crude incidence and China age-standardized incidence(China Standardized Incidence),the crude mortality and China age-standardized mortality(China Standardized Mortality),the cumulative incidence and mortality from 0 to 74 years old,as well as the order of cancer incidence and death were statistical analyzed.Results In 2020,66,719 new cases of cancer were re-ported from 89 tumor registration areas in Yunnan province,with a crude rate of 212.26/100,000 and the China age-standardized in-cidence of 150.33/100,000;The reported number of deaths from cancer was 39,251,with a crude mortality of 124.88/100,000 and the China age-standardized mortality of 82.45/100,000.The incidence and mortality of cancer were higher in men than those in fe-male,and higher in rural than those in urban areas.According to the crude incidence rate and crude mortality,the top 5 cancers with the highest crude incidence were lung cancer,female breast cancer,colo-rectum cancer,liver cancer and thyroid cancer,and the top 5 cancers with the highest crude mortality were lung cancer,liver cancer,colo-rectum cancer,stomach cancer and female breast cancer.Conclusion Lung cancer,liver cancer,colo-rectum cancer and female breast cancer are still the key cancers for prevention and con-trol in Yunnan province.The incidence of thyroid cancer is relatively high,and there are significant differences in the incidence and mortality of cancer between urban and rural areas and between sexes.The corresponding cancer prevention should be carried out ac-cording to the current epidemic situation of cancer in Yunnan province.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the trend of incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide a basis for the pre-vention and treatment of cervical cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The data of cervical cancer incidence and mortality were col-lected and sorted out in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020.The crude incidence,crude mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)(referred to the World standard incidence),age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)(referred to the World standard mortality)and other indicators of cervical canc-er in 2020 were statistically analyzed according to the urban and rural areas.The annual percent change(APC)was used to evaluate the changing trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2020,and the GM(1,1)model was used to predict the crude incidence and ASIRW from 2021 to 2025.Results In 2020,there were 2426 new cases of cervical cancer in tumor registration area of Yunnan province,ranking fifth in the incidence of female malignant tumors.The crude incidence and ASIRW were 15.83/100,000 and 11.16/100,000,respectively.There were 831 deaths from cervical cancer,ranking sixth deaths of female malignant tumors.The crude mortality and ASMRW were 5.42/100,000 and 3.52/100,000,respectively.ASIRW was higher in rural areas(11.86/100,000)than that in urban areas(9.11/100,000).ASMRW was slightly higher in urban areas(3.63/100,000)than that in rural areas(3.48/100,000).The age-specific incidence of cervical cancer increased rapidly after the age of 20,and reached a peak in the 55-59 age group;The age-specific mortality of cervical cancer increased rapidly after the age of 35,reaching a peak in the 75-79 age group.ASIRW of cervical cancer in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 showed a downward trend with annual changes(APC=-7.54%,95%CI:-13.19%--1.53%),and the trend change was statistically significant(P<0.05).The prediction of the GM(1,1)model showed that the crude incidence and ASIRW of cervical cancer in Yunnan province would continue to decline from 2021 to 2025.Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are relatively low in Yunnan province,but it is still a common malignant tumor in women.The incidence of cervical cancer in Yunnan province is showing a trend of becoming younger,and rural women are the key population for prevention and treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of liver cancer among residents in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the trend from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide reference for the pre-vention and control of liver cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The incidence and death data of all liver cancer patients included in the national cancer registration annual report from 2012 to 2020 in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province were collected.The crude incidence and crude mortality of liver cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2020 were analyzed using Excel 2010 and SAS 9.4 statistical software,and the change trend of age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)of liver cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 was analyzed using Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software.Results In 2020,the crude incidence of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province was 20.32/100,000(male 29.41/100,000 and female 10.78/100,000),the crude incidence in urban areas was 19.45/100,000,the crude incidence in rural areas was 20.60/100,000.The crude mortality of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province was 20.54/100,000(male 29.60/100,000 and female 11.02/100,000),17.70/100,000 for urban areas,and 21.44/100,000 for rural areas.In 2020,the crude incidence in tumor registration areas of liver cancer in Yunnan province was at a low level before the age of 34,but rapidly increased at the age of 35.The peak rate of the 80-84 age group was 81.37/100,000,and the crude mortality was at a low level before the age of 34.After the age of 35,the mortality rapid-ly increased,and the peak rate of the 75-79 age group was 92.14/100,000.From 2012 to 2020,the annual change percentage of ASIRW of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province showed an upward trend(APC=1.82%,95%CI:0.07%-3.61%,t=2.45,P<0.05),and the annual change percentage of ASMRW showed an upward trend(APC=2.88%,95%CI:1.52%-4.26%,t=5.04,P<0.05).Conclusion In 2020,the crude incidence rate and crude mortality of liver cancer in tumor registration areas of Yunnan Province were higher in men than in women,and higher in rural areas than in urban areas.From 2021-2020,ASIRW and ASMRW of liver cancer are on the rise.We should continue to strengthen the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in Yunnan Province,strengthen the early screening and diagnosis of liver cancer through the combination of medicine and prevention,improve the tumor registration report detection system,strengthen health education,and improve the overall health awareness and cancer prevention knowledge of residents.