Lipids,including fats(triglycerides)and lipoids(phospholipids and sterols),not only serve as an energy source for the body but also play a pivotal role throughout the reproductive process,particularly in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy.This encompasses the regulate of early embryonic development and uterine tolerance,and the facilitation of embryo implantation.Given the diversity of lipids,this review focuses on extensively studied lipid mediators such as polyunsaturated fatty acids,endocannabinoids,prostaglandins,lysophosphatidic acid,sphingolipids and steroid hormones.It systematically elaborates on the regulatory effects of fatty acid,phospholipid,and cholesterol metabolism on the formation of endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation,as well as the potential underlying mechanisms.The review aims to provide new insights and feasible intervention approaches for predicting and improving the outcomes of natural pregnancy and/or assisted reproductive technology.

Objective To develop a matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-responsive hyaluronic acid(HA)-based controlled-release material for brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention and repair of traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods HA was modified with amination,followed by condensation with Suflo-SMCC carboxyl group to form amide,and then linked with glutathione(GSH)to synthesize HA-GSH.The recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-BDNF(GST-TIMP-BDNF)expression plasmid was constructed using molecular cloning technique with double enzyme digestion by Bam H Ⅰ and Eco R Ⅰ.The recombinant GST-TIMP-BDNF protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system,and purified by ion exchange chromatography,confirmed by Western blotting.MMP diluents were supplemented with PBS,MMP inhibitor marimastat,and varing concentrations(0.4,0.6,0.8 mg/ml)of GST-TIMP-BDNF or GST-BDNF.MMP-2 activity was analyzed using an MMP activity detection kit to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the recombinant protein on MMP.Primary rat neurons were extracted and cultured to establish an iron death model induced by RSL3.The effect of recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF on neuronal injury was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results MRI hydrogen spectrum identification confirmed the successful synthesis of HA-GSH.Western blotting results showed the successful expression of the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF containing the GST tag using the E.coli prokaryotic expression system.MMP activity detection results indicated that the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF had a superior inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity compared to GST-BDNF(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining results showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity in rat neurons treated with GST-TIMP-BDNF after RSL3 induction(P<0.05).Conclusion A MMP-responsive HA-based BDNF controlled-release material has been successfully developed,exhibiting a protective effect on neuron damage.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations,endoscopic findings,histopathological changes,treatment,and prognosis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease(EGID)in children,with the aim of enhancing awareness among pediatricians about this condition.Methods Data of 267 children with EGID were prospectively collected from January 2019 to July 2022 at Jiangxi Children's Hospital,Hunan Children's Hospital,and Henan Children's Hospital.The age of onset,symptoms,physical signs,laboratory examination results,endoscopic findings,histopathological changes,and treatment outcomes were observed.Results Among the 267 children with EGID,the majority had mild(164 cases,61.4% )or moderate(96 cases,35.6% )clinical severity.The disease occurred at any age,with a higher prevalence observed in school-age children(178 cases).The main symptoms in infants were vomiting and hematemesis,while in toddlers,vomiting and bloody stools were prominent.Abdominal pain and vomiting were the primary symptoms in preschool and school-age children.Nearly half(49.4% )of the affected children showed elevated platelet counts on hematological examination,but there was no significant difference in platelet counts among children with mild,moderate,and severe EGID(P>0.05).Endoscopic findings in EGID children did not reveal significant specificity,and histopathological examination showed no specific structural damage.Among them,85.0% (227 cases)received acid suppression therapy,34.5% (92 cases)practiced dietary avoidance,20.9% (56 cases)received anti-allergic medication,and a small proportion(24 cases,9.0% )were treated with prednisone.Clinical symptoms were relieved in all patients after treatment,but three cases with peptic ulcers experienced recurrence after drug discontinuation.Conclusions Mild and moderate EGID are more common in children,with no specific endoscopic findings.Dietary avoidance,acid suppression therapy,and anti-allergic medication are the main treatment methods.The prognosis of EGID is generally favorable in children.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):139-144]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Objective To explore the effect of targeted inhibition of miR-628-5p by long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)on high glucose(HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell injury.Meth-ods The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was performed to detect KCNQ1OT1 expression in serum and aqueous humor of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR),type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and uveitis.Human retinal pigment epithelial cells(ARPE-19)were treated with different concentrations of glucose,and their KCNQ1OT1 expression was detected to determine the optimal glucose concentration.ARPE-19 cells were divided into the control(CON)group,HG group,HG+si-NC group,HG+si-KCNQ1OT1 group,HG+miR-NC group,HG+miR-628-5p group,HG+si-KCNQ1OT1+anti-miR-NC group,and HG+si-KCNQ1OT1+anti-miR-628-5p group.The expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-628-5p in cells were measured by RT-qPCR.The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The malondialdehyde(MDA)level and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein was measured by Western blot.The targeting relationship between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-628-5p was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay.Results The expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 in serum and aqueous humor of DR patients were higher than those of T2DM patients and uveitis patients,and those of uve-itis patients were the lowest(all P＜0.05).Compared with the 0 mmol·L-1 glucose group,the expression levels of KC-NQ1OT1 in ARPE-19 cells in the 5 mmol·L-1 glucose group,15 mmol·L-1 glucose group,and 30 mmol·L-1 glucose group significantly increased,and those in the 30 mmol·L-1 glucose group were the highest(all P＜0.05);thus,30 mmol·L-1 glucose was selected for subsequent experiments.Compared with the CON group,the KCNQ1OT1 expres-sion,apoptosis rate,cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression,and MDA level in the HG group significantly increased,while the SOD activity and miR-628-5p significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+si-NC group,the KC-NQ1OT1 expression,apoptosis rate,cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression,and MDA level in the HG+si-KCNQ1OTl group significantly decreased,while the SOD activity significantly increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+miR-NC group,miR-628-5p and SOD activity in the HG+miR-628-5p group significantly increased,while the apoptosis rate,cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression,and MDA level significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+si-KCNQ1OT1+anti-miR-NC group,miR-628-5p and SOD activity in the HG+si-KCNQ1OT1+anti-miR-628-5p group significantly decreased,while the apoptosis rate,cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression,and MDA level significantly increased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 can reduce the HG-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage of ARPE-19 cells by targeted inhibition of miR-628-5p.

Defined as a common gynecologic en-docrine disease,endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium outside of the uterus cavity,affecting about 10%to 15%of reproductive-aged women worldwide.Moreover,Asian women tend to have a nine-fold increased risk of endome-triosis compared with their white counterparts in Europe and the United States.Endometriosis not only causes chronic pelvic pain,dysmenorrhea,painful sex and other pain symptoms,but also leads to infertility,pushing the patients into a state of fatigue,high sensitivity and anxiety,thus reduc-ing their quality of life.As the aging of Chinese pop-ulation intensifies and the women's childbearing age delays,it is highly urgent to find solutions to those gynecological endocrine diseases such as en-dometriosis,which hamper women's fertility.In re-cent years,studies have shown that patients with endometriosis have abnormal serum lipid metabo-lism and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseas-es.At the same time,as a type of cholesterol-lower-ing drug,statins can inhibit the progression of en-dometriosis at the cellular and animal levels.Also,a few clinical studies have exhibited that statins ex-ert a positive effect on the treatment of endometri-osis.Therefore,this article aims to review the re-searches regarding the relationship between endo-metriosis and the cardiovascular disease,as well as the research progress of statin therapy on endome-triosis based on the level of cells,animals and hu-man beings.

Objective To find potential biomarkers and analyzing metabolic pathways of the treatment by honey-processed Hedysari Radix,the cecal contents of rats with spleen-Qi deficiency were used as samples for analysis.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank,model,experimental and control groups.The rats in other groups except the control group were carried out by using the three-factor compound modeling method of bitter-cold diarrhea,excessive exertion and hunger and satiety disorders.Experimental group was given 12.60 g·kg-1 honey-processed Hedysari Radix;control group was given 0.63 g·kg-1 lactobacillus bifidum triplex tabletsa;control and model groups received with equal volume of distilled water for a total of 15 days.Measure body weight,anal temperature,immune organ index of rats.Ultra-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive-mass spectrometry technology was used to measure the levels of endogenous metabolites in cecum contents.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and database"Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes"were used to identify potential differential metabolites and possible metabolic pathways.Results After the intervention,the average body weight of the experimental,control,model and blank groups was(216.87±7.85),(210.96±9.03),(159.47±5.18)and(293.51±22.98)g;anal temperature was(36.14±0.48),(35.40±0.64),(34.50±0.78)and(36.61±0.34)℃;the thymus indexes were(1.19±0.20),(1.24±0.25),(0.47±0.15)and(1.31±0.21)mg·g-1;the spleen indexes were(1.95±0.33),(2.18±0.28),(1.61±0.27)and(2.29±0.24)mg·g-1.Compared with the model group,the above indexes of the experimental group and the control group were significantly increased(all P＜0.01).A total of 14 potential biomarkers of Honey-processed Hedysari Radix in treating spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome were screened out in this study,which mainly involved amino acid metabolism such as tryptophan and glutamate,riboflavin metabolism and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase metabolism.Conclusion Honey-processed Hedysari Radix can further protect the intestinal mucosal barrier and reduce the intestinal inflammatory response by improving the metabolic level of cecum contents in rats with spleen-Qi deficiency in cecum contents,thus exerting the effect of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the Qi.

Objective To study the apoptosis and mechanism of lung epithelial cells induced by exposure to ozone oxidized black carbon(OBC)and explore the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone.Methods A549 cells were divided into seven groups:control group,dexamethasone group and 0,6.5,12.5,25.0,50.0 μg·mL-1OBC treatment groups.All cells were cultured for 24 h.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)was used to detect the survival rate of cells.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the activity of reactive oxygen species.Annexin V-FITC/PI two-color fluorescent dye Notation was used to detect apoptotic cells.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect the expression level of P53,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3)mRNA.Western blot was used to detect the expression level of P53,Bcl-2,caspase-3 protein.Results The cell survival rates of 50.0 μg·mL-1 OBC treatment group,control group and dexamethasone group were(12.64±2.45)％,(100.00±0.00)％and(42.39±2.50)％;the reactive oxygen species were(147.00±5.65),(42.82±2.50)and(94.40±4.30)MFI;the apoptosis rates of epithelial cells were(40.50±3.52)％,(5.02±1.15)％and(21.58±2.35)％;the expression of P53 mRNA were 3.81±0.22,1.04±0.02 and 2.03±0.08;the equivalent expression levels of P53 protein were 0.54±0.06,0.14±0.02 and 0.33±0.03.The above indicators in 50.0 μg·mL-1 OBC treatment group showed statistically significant differences compared with control group and dexamethasone group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion OBC exposure leads to oxidative damage of lung epithelial cells and activates their apoptosis related pathways,while dexamethasone has shown good therapeutic effects in vitro experiments.

To sum up integrative nursing experience of a case with chronic refractory wound formation caused by drug extravasation.The essentials of integrative nursing are:structured nursing intervention of"assessment-management-treatment"based on the Triangle of Wound Assessment;determination of the timing for integrative nursing according to the theory of TCM sores and ulcers;implementation of copper board scraping method to promote circulation of qi and blood;use of Huo-long Comprehensive Moxibustion Therapy to promote muscle regeneration.With the help of the cooperation of the multidisciplinary specialist nursing team,the wound was completely healed after 59 days of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing interventions.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-phase MRI-based radiomics machine learning models in differentiating small renal cell carcinoma(sRCC)from fat-poor renal angiomyolipoma(fp-AML).Methods 79 cases of sRCCs and 35 cases of fp-AMLs(diameter≤4 cm)which were confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The volume of interest(VOI)of the total tumor was manually delineated on the images of T2WI(T2),unenhanced phase(UP),corticomedullary phase(CMP)and nephrographic phase(NP)and then the radiomics of the VOIs were extracted respectively.The training set and the test set were set according to the ratio of 7∶3.The t-test,maximal relevance and minimal redundancy(mRMR)and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to select the radiomics features.The selected features were used to build classification models with logistic regression(LR)and support vector machine(SVM).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the classification performances of the models.Results There were 4,12,3,11 and 15 optimal features obtained from T2、UP、CMP、NP and the combined four phases,respectively.The radiomics features based on NP or the combined four phases with LR model performed best,AUCs were respectively 0.956,0.986 in the training set and both were 0.881 in the test set.Conclusion The multi-phase MRI-based radiomics machine learning model has favorable diagnostic performance in differentiating sRCC from fp-AML.