Aim To screen and study the effects of Tao Hong Si Wu decoction(THSWD)-mediated treat-ment on circular RNA(circRNA)expression profiles in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),and investigate the possible roles and molecular mecha-nisms of THSWD.Methods Next-generation RNA sequencing was conducted to identify circRNA expres-sion profiles in MCAO rats after treatment with THSWD and compared with the MCAO model group and control group.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential target microRNAs and mRNAs.Gene On-tology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses for the potential target mRNAs were applied to explore the potential roles of differentially expressed circRNAs.RT-qPCR was performed to verify circRNAs with significant differences in expression.Results We identified 87 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs between the MCAO group versus the control group,and 86 sig-nificantly differentially expressed circRNAs between the MCAO group versus the THSWD group.respective-ly.Among them,17 circRNAs induced by the MCAO model were reversed via treatment with THSWD.To demonstrate the roles of mRNAs targeted by DECs,the GO and KEGG databases were used.Further analysis revealed that five circRNAs may play important roles in the development of MCAO.Conclusions The com-prehensive expression profile of circRNAs in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion after THSWD treat-ment is determined for the first time,suggesting that the therapeutic effect of THSWD on MCAO may be a-chieved by regulating the expression of circRNAs.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Guizhi Tongluo Tablets(GZTLP)on improving atherosclerosis in APOE knockout mice by regulating neutrophil extracellular trapping nets(NETs).Methods After modeling,24 APOE knockout mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups:GZTLP high-dose group,low-dose group,model control group and normal control group,with 6 mice in each group.GZTLP was given 1.87 mg·g-1 and 0.47 mg·g-1 intragastric administration in high-dose group and low-dose group,respectively.The normal control group and model control group were given 0.9%sodium chloride solution intragastric administration for 6 weeks,and the lipid plaque deposition in aorta was observed by gross oil red O staining.Lipid deposition in aortic root was observed by oil red O staining.The pathological changes of lipid plaques in aortic root were observed by HE staining.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in peripheral blood of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of lymphocyte antigen 6G(Ly6G),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and citrulinated histone(Cit-H3)in plaques of the aortic arch and the colocalization of Ly6G,MPO and Cit-H3 were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Results Compared with the normal control group,the aorta of mice in the model control group showed serious lipid plaque deposition,morphological damage,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration,the contents of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were increased,and the protein expressions of Ly6G,Cit-H3 and MPO were significantly increased.Compared with model control group,GZTLP group reduced the amount of lipid plaque deposition in aorta,the arrangement of aortic cells was more regular,the inflammatory cell infiltration was improved,and the contents of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The colocalization and the protein expression of Ly6G,MPO and Cit-H3 were significantly decreased in aortic tissues(P<0.01).Conclusions GZTLP can improve atherosclerosis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trapping nets.

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence B-ultrasound image computer-aided diagnosis system (hereinafter referred to as intelligent ultrasound system) in adult goiter.Methods:In June 2022 and March 2023, two phases of thyroid disease survey were carried out in 4 cities in Anhui Province. One village was selected in each city, and 250 adults were selected as survey subjects in each village. Adult bilateral thyroid area was scanned by both intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound scanning equipment, and the effectiveness of intelligent ultrasound system in the diagnosis of goiter was analyzed based on the results of conventional ultrasound examination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of goiter. At the same time, Spearman correlation analysis and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the consistency of the two methods in measuring thyroid volume.Results:After screening and removing outliers and missing values, a total of 910 adults were included, including 253 males (27.80%) and 657 females (72.20%). The age was (45.92 ± 10.20) years old, ranging from 18 to 60 years old. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the intelligent ultrasound system for diagnosing adult goiter were 80.00%, 99.67%, and 99.56%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.996, which was consistent with the results of conventional ultrasound examination for diagnosing goiter ( κ = 0.67, P < 0.001). After controlling for variables such as gender, thyroid function, and thyroid nodules, the intelligent ultrasound system showed good consistency with conventional ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of goiter in females, adults with thyroid dysfunction, and adults without thyroid nodules ( κ = 0.66, 0.80, 0.80, P < 0.001). The consistency in the diagnosis of goiter in adults with thyroid nodules was moderate ( κ = 0.56, P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a highly positive correlation between the measurement results of adult thyroid volume by intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination ( r = 0.88, P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman method results showed that only 4.62% (42/910) of points in adults were outside the 95% consistency limit, indicating good consistency between intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination in measuring thyroid volume (< 5%). The proportion of points outside the 95% consistency limit in males, adults with thyroid dysfunction, and adults with thyroid nodules was 6.72% (17/253), 5.83% (12/206), and 6.45% (12/186), respectively. Conclusions:The intelligent ultrasound system has certain diagnostic value for adult goiter and has good consistency with conventional ultrasound examination for thyroid volume measurement. However, the accuracy of diagnosis for males and adults with thyroid nodules still needs to be improved.

Aim To screen and study the expression of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with MCAO treated with Tao Hong Si Wu decoction (THSWD) and determine the possible molecular mechanism of THSWD in treating MCAO rats. Methods Three cerebral hemisphere tissue were obtained from the control group, MCAO group and MCAO + THSWD group. RNA sequencing technology was used to identify IncRNA gene expression in the three groups. THSWD-regulated IncRNA genes were identified, and then a THSWD-regu-lated IncRNA-mRNA network was constructed. MCODE plug-in units were used to identify the modules of IncRNA-mRNA networks. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the enriched biological functions and signaling pathways. Cis- and trans-regulatory genes for THSWD-regulated IncRNAs were identified. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify IncRNAs. Molecular docking was used to identify IncRNA-mRNA network targets and pathway-associated proteins. Results In MCAO rats, THSWD regulated a total of 302 IncRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that some core IncRNAs might play an important role in the treatment of MCAO rats with THSWD, and we further found that THSWD might also treat MCAO rats through multiple pathways such as IncRNA-mRNA network and network-enriched complement and coagulation cascades. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds gallic acid and a-mygdalin of THSWD had a certain binding ability to protein targets. Conclusions THSWD can protect the brain injury of MCAO rats through IncRNA, which may provide new insights for the treatment of ischemic stroke with THSWD.

The quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the core issue to ensure the modernization,industrialization and internationalization of TCM.Compared with other detection methods,electrochemical analysis method has many advantages such as high sensitivity,fast detection speed and low cost,making it an important means of quality control for TCM and having broad development prospects.This article reviewed the research progress of electrochemical methods in quality control of TCM in recent years,discussed the application of electrochemical fingerprinting technique in identification of TCM,and comprehensively summarized the application of electrochemical technology in analyzing effective components and harmful substances in TCM,including flavonoids,alkaloids,quinones,glycosides,heavy metals and pesticide residues.Finally,the development prospects of electrochemical methods in the field of quality control of TCM were discussed.

Objective:To explore the etiological rules of multifactorial refractory infertility patients by association analysis.Methods:A total of 283 patients with refractory infertility met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2021 in Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were analyzed retrospectively.Using the Apriori algorithm,association rule analysis was performed on 7 etiological fac-tors:fallopian tube obstruction(FTO),intrauterine adhesions(IUA),ovarian dysfunction[diminished ovarian re-serve(DOR),premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)],polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis(AM)and thin endometrium(TE).Further stratified analysis was performed to assess the combina-tions of causes based on the severity of 4 major factors(EMT,FTO,IUA and DOR/POI).Results:①Among 283 patients,EMT(59.0%)and FTO(50.5%)were identified as the most frequent etiological factors,significantly more prevalent than the other causes(P=0.0000,P＜α').②The 5 most common etiological combinations were:FTO with EMT,PCOS with EMT,AM with FTO,DOR/POI with EMT,and AM with EMT.③After stratified analysis,it was found that the following combination of causes was ranked in the top three:with EMT stages I-IV being highly associated with FTO;the degree of merger between low stage with PCOS is high,while the degree of merger be-tween high stage with AM and DOR/POI is high.Different degrees of IUA are highly associated with EMT,FTO and DOR/POI,while severe IUA also being highly associated with TE.Both unilateral and bilateral FTO have a high degree of merger with EMT and AM.DOR and POI have a high degree of merger with EMT,FTO and AM.Conclusions:EMT and FTO are the main causes of refractory infertility.There are correlations among the causes combinations.The etiological factors combined with different stages of endometriosis are also different.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic framework to address multifactorial etiologies and reduce missed diagnoses.

Objective:To explore the etiological rules of multifactorial refractory infertility patients by association analysis.Methods:A total of 283 patients with refractory infertility met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2021 in Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were analyzed retrospectively.Using the Apriori algorithm,association rule analysis was performed on 7 etiological fac-tors:fallopian tube obstruction(FTO),intrauterine adhesions(IUA),ovarian dysfunction[diminished ovarian re-serve(DOR),premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)],polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis(AM)and thin endometrium(TE).Further stratified analysis was performed to assess the combina-tions of causes based on the severity of 4 major factors(EMT,FTO,IUA and DOR/POI).Results:①Among 283 patients,EMT(59.0%)and FTO(50.5%)were identified as the most frequent etiological factors,significantly more prevalent than the other causes(P=0.0000,P＜α').②The 5 most common etiological combinations were:FTO with EMT,PCOS with EMT,AM with FTO,DOR/POI with EMT,and AM with EMT.③After stratified analysis,it was found that the following combination of causes was ranked in the top three:with EMT stages I-IV being highly associated with FTO;the degree of merger between low stage with PCOS is high,while the degree of merger be-tween high stage with AM and DOR/POI is high.Different degrees of IUA are highly associated with EMT,FTO and DOR/POI,while severe IUA also being highly associated with TE.Both unilateral and bilateral FTO have a high degree of merger with EMT and AM.DOR and POI have a high degree of merger with EMT,FTO and AM.Conclusions:EMT and FTO are the main causes of refractory infertility.There are correlations among the causes combinations.The etiological factors combined with different stages of endometriosis are also different.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic framework to address multifactorial etiologies and reduce missed diagnoses.

Objective:To explore the etiological rules of multifactorial refractory infertility patients by association analysis.Methods:A total of 283 patients with refractory infertility met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2021 in Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were analyzed retrospectively.Using the Apriori algorithm,association rule analysis was performed on 7 etiological fac-tors:fallopian tube obstruction(FTO),intrauterine adhesions(IUA),ovarian dysfunction[diminished ovarian re-serve(DOR),premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)],polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis(AM)and thin endometrium(TE).Further stratified analysis was performed to assess the combina-tions of causes based on the severity of 4 major factors(EMT,FTO,IUA and DOR/POI).Results:①Among 283 patients,EMT(59.0%)and FTO(50.5%)were identified as the most frequent etiological factors,significantly more prevalent than the other causes(P=0.0000,P＜α').②The 5 most common etiological combinations were:FTO with EMT,PCOS with EMT,AM with FTO,DOR/POI with EMT,and AM with EMT.③After stratified analysis,it was found that the following combination of causes was ranked in the top three:with EMT stages I-IV being highly associated with FTO;the degree of merger between low stage with PCOS is high,while the degree of merger be-tween high stage with AM and DOR/POI is high.Different degrees of IUA are highly associated with EMT,FTO and DOR/POI,while severe IUA also being highly associated with TE.Both unilateral and bilateral FTO have a high degree of merger with EMT and AM.DOR and POI have a high degree of merger with EMT,FTO and AM.Conclusions:EMT and FTO are the main causes of refractory infertility.There are correlations among the causes combinations.The etiological factors combined with different stages of endometriosis are also different.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic framework to address multifactorial etiologies and reduce missed diagnoses.

Objective:To explore the etiological rules of multifactorial refractory infertility patients by association analysis.Methods:A total of 283 patients with refractory infertility met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2021 in Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were analyzed retrospectively.Using the Apriori algorithm,association rule analysis was performed on 7 etiological fac-tors:fallopian tube obstruction(FTO),intrauterine adhesions(IUA),ovarian dysfunction[diminished ovarian re-serve(DOR),premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)],polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis(AM)and thin endometrium(TE).Further stratified analysis was performed to assess the combina-tions of causes based on the severity of 4 major factors(EMT,FTO,IUA and DOR/POI).Results:①Among 283 patients,EMT(59.0%)and FTO(50.5%)were identified as the most frequent etiological factors,significantly more prevalent than the other causes(P=0.0000,P＜α').②The 5 most common etiological combinations were:FTO with EMT,PCOS with EMT,AM with FTO,DOR/POI with EMT,and AM with EMT.③After stratified analysis,it was found that the following combination of causes was ranked in the top three:with EMT stages I-IV being highly associated with FTO;the degree of merger between low stage with PCOS is high,while the degree of merger be-tween high stage with AM and DOR/POI is high.Different degrees of IUA are highly associated with EMT,FTO and DOR/POI,while severe IUA also being highly associated with TE.Both unilateral and bilateral FTO have a high degree of merger with EMT and AM.DOR and POI have a high degree of merger with EMT,FTO and AM.Conclusions:EMT and FTO are the main causes of refractory infertility.There are correlations among the causes combinations.The etiological factors combined with different stages of endometriosis are also different.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic framework to address multifactorial etiologies and reduce missed diagnoses.

Objective:To explore the etiological rules of multifactorial refractory infertility patients by association analysis.Methods:A total of 283 patients with refractory infertility met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2021 in Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were analyzed retrospectively.Using the Apriori algorithm,association rule analysis was performed on 7 etiological fac-tors:fallopian tube obstruction(FTO),intrauterine adhesions(IUA),ovarian dysfunction[diminished ovarian re-serve(DOR),premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)],polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis(AM)and thin endometrium(TE).Further stratified analysis was performed to assess the combina-tions of causes based on the severity of 4 major factors(EMT,FTO,IUA and DOR/POI).Results:①Among 283 patients,EMT(59.0%)and FTO(50.5%)were identified as the most frequent etiological factors,significantly more prevalent than the other causes(P=0.0000,P＜α').②The 5 most common etiological combinations were:FTO with EMT,PCOS with EMT,AM with FTO,DOR/POI with EMT,and AM with EMT.③After stratified analysis,it was found that the following combination of causes was ranked in the top three:with EMT stages I-IV being highly associated with FTO;the degree of merger between low stage with PCOS is high,while the degree of merger be-tween high stage with AM and DOR/POI is high.Different degrees of IUA are highly associated with EMT,FTO and DOR/POI,while severe IUA also being highly associated with TE.Both unilateral and bilateral FTO have a high degree of merger with EMT and AM.DOR and POI have a high degree of merger with EMT,FTO and AM.Conclusions:EMT and FTO are the main causes of refractory infertility.There are correlations among the causes combinations.The etiological factors combined with different stages of endometriosis are also different.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic framework to address multifactorial etiologies and reduce missed diagnoses.