This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of clematichinenoside AR(CAR) in protecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. BMSCs were isolated by the bone fragment method and identified by flow cytometry. Cells were cultured under normal conditions(37℃, 5% CO_2) and hypoxic conditions(37℃, 90% N_2, 5% CO_2) and treated with CAR. The BMSCs were classified into eight groups: control(normal conditions), CAR(normal conditions + CAR), hypoxia 24 h, hypoxia 24 h + CAR, hypoxia 48 h, hypoxia 48 h + CAR, hypoxia 72 h, and hypoxia 72 h + CAR. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) were employed to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The number of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by MitoTracker®Red CM-H2XRo staining and JC-1 staining, respectively. The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was measured with the DCFH-DA fluorescence probe. The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein(BAX), caspase-3, and optic atrophy 1(OPA1) were determined by Western blot. The results demonstrated that CAR significantly increased cell proliferation. Compared with the control group, the hypoxia groups showed increased apoptosis rates, reduced mitochondria, elevated ROS levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated expression of BAX and caspase-3, and downregulated expression of OPA1. In comparison to the corresponding hypoxia groups, CAR intervention significantly decreased the apoptosis rate, increased mitochondria, reduced ROS levels, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated the expression of BAX and caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of OPA1. Therefore, it can be concluded that CAR may exert an anti-apoptotic effect on BMSCs under hypoxic conditions by regulating OPA1 to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects* ; Homeostasis/drug effects* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Caspase 3/genetics* ; Male ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics* ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Protective Agents/pharmacology* ; Cells, Cultured

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficiency of robotic visualization system(RVS)-assisted microsurgical re-construction of the reproductive tract in male rats and the satisfaction of the surgeons.Methods:We randomly divided 8 adult male SD rats into an experimental and a control group,the former treated by RVS-assisted microsurgical vasoepididymostomy(VE)or vaso-vasostomy(VV),and the latter by VE or VV under the standard operating microscope(SOM).We compared the operation time,me-chanical patency and anastomosis leakage immediately after surgery,and the surgeons'satisfaction between the two groups.Results:No statistically significant difference was observed the operation time between the experimental and the control groups,and no anasto-mosis leakage occurred after VV in either group.The rate of mechanical patency immediately after surgery was 100％in both groups,and that of anastomosis leakage after VE was 16.7％in the experimental group and 14.3％in the control.Compared with the control group,the experimental group achieved dramatically higher scores on visual comfort(3.00±0.76 vs 4.00±0.53,P＜0.05),neck/back comfort(2.75±1.16 vs 4.38±1.06,P＜0.01)and man-machine interaction(3.88±1.55 va 4.88±0.35,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the scores on image definition and operating room suitability between the two groups.Conclusion:RVS can be used in microsurgical reconstruction of the reproductive tract in male rats and,with its advantages over SOM in ergonomic design and image definition,has a potential application value in male reproductive system micosurgery.

Liver size is regulated by circadian clock and exhibits a diurnal rhythm. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), members of nuclear receptor superfamily, are important regulators of liver size. We previously demonstrated that mPXR agonist pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and mPPARα agonist pirinixic acid (WY-14643) promoted liver enlargement and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. However, whether PXR or PPARα activation-induced liver enlargement exhibits diurnal rhythm with normal liver diurnal oscillations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the diurnal rhythm of PXR or PPARα activation-induced liver enlargement. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with corn oil, PCN or WY-14643 for three days, and liver samples were weighed and collected at various time points for analysis. The animal experiment protocol was reviewed and approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Sun Yat-sen University (approval No. SYSU-IACUC-2023-001613, SYSU-IACUC-2023-001783). The results showed that PXR or PPARα activation at various time points significantly induced liver enlargement, and liver size maintained normal diurnal oscillations during PXR or PPARα activation-induced hepatomegaly, without significant effects on the expression of core clock genes. This study reveals PXR or PPARα activation-induced liver enlargement exhibits diurnal rhythm with normal liver diurnal oscillations, and provides novel data for nuclear receptor-induced liver enlargement and liver diurnal rhythm.

Objective To investigate the influence of different delivery techniques,treatment sites and dose-volume algorithms on the results of three-dimensional dosimetric verification for intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)plans and the importance of individualized quality assurance(QA)evaluation standard for radiotherapy plans.Methods Totally 350 tumor patients receiving radiotherapy at some hospital from January 2017 to February 2022 had their three-dimensional dosimetric verification results of IMRT plans selected retrospectively and underwent data collection with COMPASS system,and then were grouped in terms of delivery technique(fixed-beam IMRT and volumetric modulated arc therapy),treatment site(neck,chest and abdomen)and dose-volume algorithm(anisotropic analytical algorithm and collapsed cone convolution algorithm).All the groups were compared based on the 3％/2 mm criterion with regard to the Gamma pass rate of 10％prescription dose area(GP10％),Gamma pass rate(GP50％)and mean Gamma index(μGI5o％)of 50％prescription dose area,dose of 95％target volume(D95％)and its mean dose(Dmean),parotid gland mean dose(Dmean),dose of 1％spinal cord volume(D1％),dose of 1％brain stem volume(D1％)of head and neck radiotherapy plan,heart and lung mean dose(Dmean)and dose of 1％spinal cord volume(D1％)of chest radiotherapy plan and bladder,rectum and femur mean dose of abdomen radiotherapy plan(Dmean).SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results For different delivery techniques,significant differences were found in all the QA results except GP50％of abdomen radiotherapy plan(P＜0.05).For different treatment sites,the differences were statistically significant between the QA results of head and neck radiotherapy plan and abdomen plan and between those of chest radio-therapy plan and abdomen radiotherapy plan(P＜0.05),while were not significant between the QA results of head and neck radiotherapy plan and chest radiotherapy plan(P＞0.05).For different dose-volume algorithms,the QA results had significant differences except D5％of abdomen radiotherapy planning target volume and Dmean and D1％of chest radiotherapy PTV(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dosimetric verification results vary depending on the delivery technique,treatment site and dose-volume algorithm.Statistical process control recommended by AAPM TG-218 report may be involved in to establish individualized QA standard for radiotherapy plans in case universal action limits are not appropriate.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(11):54-59]

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of biochanin A(BCA)on osteoarthritis through in vitro experiments.Methods Primary rat chondrocytes were extracted and cultured,and then divided into the control group(without inducer or interferant),the model group[10 ng/mL interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)induction],and the BCA group(10 ng/mL IL-1β induction+0,3,6,12,24,48 μmol/L BCA intervention).Cell activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining was used to observe cell senescence.Intracellular inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indexes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the levels of related proteins were detected by Western blot,and the affinity between BCA and Nrf2 was verified by molecular docking technology.Results After screening the concentration of BCA with MTT,6,12 and 24 μmol/L BCA were selected for subsequent experiments.Compared with the control group,the chondrocyte activity and the activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the model group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The number of SA-β-gal positive cells and expres-sion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly(P＜0.05).The expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen(COL2A1)and aggrecan(ACAN)were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above conditions were significantly reversed in the BCA group(P＜0.05).In addition,BCA could significantly reduce the degrada-tion of inhibitor kappa B alpha(IκB-α)and nuclear translocation of NF-KBp65,and promote the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of human heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in whole cells(P＜0.05).The results of molecular docking further confirmed that BCA had the highest affinity with Nrf2.Conclusion BCA can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation of osteoarthritis chondrocytes by regulating Nrf2/NF-KB signaling pathway in vitro,and alleviate joint injury.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupotomy on the fat infiltration degree of lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) in patients with lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED). METHODS: A total of 104 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with PTED were randomly divided into an observation group (52 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (52 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Patients of both groups received rehabilitation training of two weeks 48 h after PTED treatment. The observation group was treated with acupotomy (L₃-L₅ Jiaji [EX-B 2]) once within 24 h after PTED. In the two groups, the fat infiltration cross sectional area (CSA) of LMM was compared before and 6 months after PTED, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were observed before and 1, 6 months after PTED. The correlation between fat infiltration CSA of LMM in each segment and VAS score was analyzed. RESULTS: Six months after PTED, the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in L₄/L₅ and the total L₃-S₁ segments of the observation group was lower than that before PTED (P<0.05), and the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in L₄/L₅ of the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.01). One month after PTED, the ODI and VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before PTED (P<0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Six months after PTED, the ODI and VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before PTED and 1 month after PTED (P<0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in the total L₃-S₁ segments and VAS scores in the two groups before PTED (r = 0.64, P<0.01). Six months after PTED, there was no correlation between the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in each segment and VAS scores in the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Acupotomy can improve the fat infiltration degree of LMM, pain symptoms and activities of daily living in patients with lumbar disc herniation after PTED.
Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Activities of Daily Living ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Treatment Outcome ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Retrospective Studies ; Endoscopy ; Diskectomy ; Acupuncture Therapy

Objective: To establish a predictive model for survival benefit of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who received adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 249 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy at 8 hospitals in China from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. There were 121 males and 128 females,with 88 cases>60 years old and 161 cases≤60 years old. Feature selection was performed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Overall survival time and survival status were used as outcome indicators,then target clinical features were selected. Patients were stratified into high-risk group and low-risk group,survival differences between the two groups were analyzed. Using the selected clinical features, the traditional CoxPH model and deep learning DeepSurv survival prediction model were constructed, and the performance of the models were evaluated according to concordance index(C-index). Results: Portal vein invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen>5 μg/L,abnormal lymphocyte count, low grade tumor pathological differentiation and positive lymph nodes>0 were independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival in 249 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection (all P<0.05). The survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (P<0.05). Using the above five features, the traditional CoxPH model and the deep learning DeepSurv survival prediction model were constructed. The C-index values of the training set were 0.687 and 0.770, and the C-index values of the test set were 0.606 and 0.763,respectively. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional Cox model, the DeepSurv model can more accurately predict the survival probability of patients with ICC undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy at a certain time point, and more accurately judge the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives: To construct a nomogram for prediction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) lymph node metastasis based on inflammation-related markers,and to conduct its clinical verification. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 858 ICC patients who underwent radical resection were retrospectively collected at 10 domestic tertiary hospitals in China from January 2010 to December 2018. Among the 508 patients who underwent lymph node dissection,207 cases had complete variable clinical data for constructing the nomogram,including 84 males,123 females,109 patients≥60 years old,98 patients<60 years old and 69 patients were pathologically diagnosed with positive lymph nodes after surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to calculate the accuracy of preoperative imaging examinations to determine lymph node status,and the difference in overall survival time was compared by Log-rank test. Partial regression squares and statistically significant preoperative variables were screened by backward stepwise regression analysis. R software was applied to construct a nomogram,clinical decision curve and clinical influence curve,and Bootstrap method was used for internal verification. Moreover,retrospectively collecting clinical information of 107 ICC patients with intraoperative lymph node dissection admitted to 9 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to June 2021 was for external verification to verify the accuracy of the nomogram. 80 patients with complete clinical data but without lymph node dissection were divided into lymph node metastasis high-risk group and low-risk group according to the score of the nomogram among the 858 patients. Log-rank test was used to compare the overall survival of patients with or without lymph node metastasis diagnosed by pathology. Results: The area under the curve of preoperative imaging examinations for lymph node status assessment of 440 patients was 0.615,with a false negative rate of 62.8% (113/180) and a false positive rate of 14.2% (37/260). The median survival time of 207 patients used to construct a nomogram with positive or negative postoperative pathological lymph node metastases was 18.5 months and 27.1 months,respectively (P<0.05). Five variables related to lymph node metastasis were screened out by backward stepwise regression analysis,which were combined calculi,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,albumin,liver capsule invasion and systemic immune inflammation index,according to which a nomogram was constructed with concordance index(C-index) of 0.737 (95%CI: 0.667 to 0.806). The C-index of external verification was 0.674 (95%CI:0.569 to 0.779). The calibration prediction curve was in good agreement with the reference curve. The results of the clinical decision curve showed that when the risk threshold of high lymph node metastasis in the nomogram was set to about 0.32,the maximum net benefit could be obtained by 0.11,and the cost/benefit ratio was 1∶2. The results of clinical influence curve showed that when the risk threshold of high lymph node metastasis in the nomogram was set to about 0.6,the probability of correctly predicting lymph node metastasis could reach more than 90%. There was no significant difference in overall survival time between patients with high/low risk of lymph node metastasis assessed by the nomogram and those with pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis or without lymph node metastasis (Log-rank test:P=0.082 and 0.510,respectively). Conclusion: The prediction accuracy of preoperative nomogram for ICC lymph node metastasis based on inflammation-related markers is satisfactory,which can be used as a supplementary method for preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis and is helpful for clinicians to make personalized decision of lymph node dissection for patients with ICC.