Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) is a serious metabolic bone disease caused by long-term application of glucocorticoids(GCs). Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in improving bone microstructure and antagonizing hormone toxicity. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical research, clinical application, and basic research progress of TCM intervention in GIOP. In terms of theoretical research, the theory of "kidney governing bone and generating marrow" indicates that the kidney is closely related to bone development, revealing that core pathogenesis of GIOP is Yin-Yang disharmony, which can be discussed using the theories of "Yin fire", "ministerial fire", and "Yang pathogen damaging Yin". Thus, regulating Yin and Yang is the basic principle to treat GIOP. In terms of clinical application, effective empirical prescriptions(such as Bushen Zhuanggu Decoction, Bushen Jiangu Decoction, and Zibu Ganshen Formula) and Chinese patent medicines(Gushukang Capsules, Hugu Capsules, Xianling Gubao Capsules, etc.) can effectively increase bone mineral density(BMD) and improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can reduce the risk of fracture and play an anti-GIOP role. In terms of basic research, it has been clarified that active ingredients of TCM(such as fraxetin, ginsenoside Rg_1, and salidroside) reduce bone loss and promote bone formation by inhibiting oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and other pathways, effectively improving bone homeostasis. Additionally, classical prescriptions(Modified Yiguan Decoction, Modified Qing'e Pills, Zuogui Pills, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines(Gushukang Granules, Lurong Jiangu Dropping Pills, Gubao Capsules, etc.) can improve bone marrow microcirculation, promote osteoblast differentiation, and inhibit bone cell apoptosis through multiple pathways, multiple targets, and multiple mechanisms. Through the above three aspects, the TCM research status on GIOP is elucidated in the expectation of providing reference for its diagnosis and treatment using traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment programs.
Osteoporosis/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Bone Density/drug effects*

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of fight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UNIFI were employed to rapidly determine the content of the components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture. The targets of the active components and Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP) were obtained from SwissTargetPrediction, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM), and GeneCards. A "component-target-disease" network and a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were constructed. Gene Ontology(GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the targets by Omishare. The interactions between the potential active components and the core targets were verified by molecular docking. Furthermore, rats were randomly assigned into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Liangxue Tuizi Mixture groups. Non-targeted metabolomics was employed to screen the differential metabolites in the serum, analyze possible metabolic pathways, and construct the "component-target-differential metabolite" network. A total of 45 components of Liangxue Tuizi Mixture were identified, and 145 potential targets for the treatment of HSP were predicted. The main signaling pathways enriched included resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT), and T cell receptor. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture had strong binding ability with the key target proteins. A total of 13 differential metabolites in the serum were screened out, which shared 27 common targets with active components. The progression of HSP was related to metabolic abnormalities of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid. The results indicate that the components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture mainly treats HSP by regulating inflammation and immunity, providing a scientific basis for rational drug use in clinical practice.
Animals ; Rats ; IgA Vasculitis/drug therapy* ; Network Pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Metabolomics

Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

This study established the fingerprint and combined it with chemical pattern recognition to evaluate the quality of Atractylodes chinensis samples from different producing areas and then employed the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method to verify the feasibility and applicability of the established method in the quality evaluation of A. chinensis. The fingerprints of A. chinensis samples were constructed via high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) to evaluate the inter-batch consistency. With the quality control component atractylodin as the internal reference, the relative correction factors(RCFs) were established for atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol and the content of the four components was calculated. The external standard method was used to verify the accuracy of QAMS method. The quality of A. chinensis was further evaluated by similarity analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The fingerprints of 13 batches of samples were calibrated with 21 common peaks, and 4 common peaks were identified with the similarities all above 0.9. The RCFs established with atractylodin as the internal reference represented good reproducibility under different experimental conditions. Specifically, the RCFs of atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol in A. chinensis were 2.091, 4.253, and 6.010, respectively. QAMS and ESM showed no significant difference in the results, indicating that the QAMS method established in this study was stable and reliable. Thus, HPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS can be used for the quality evaluation of A. chinensis, providing a basis for comprehensive and rapid quality evaluation of A. chinensis.
Atractylodes ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

The mortality of female breast cancer in Shandong Province has increased since the 1970. The differential decomposition analysis found that the slight decline in the crude mortality of breast cancer among women was entirely due to non-demographic factors during the 1970-1990, and the significant increase in the crude mortality was due to a combination of demographic and non-demographic factors since the 1990. The contribution rate of demographic factor has gradually increased from 53.5% in 2004-2005 to 59.5% in 2011-2013, while that of non-demographic factor has decreased from 46.5% to 40.5%. The women aged 45-64 years old were the major population of female breast cancer deaths, accounting for 40%-60% of total breast cancer deaths in different times, and then the mortality in female aged 55-64 years old increased rapidly, with increases of 52.12%, 115.19% and 29.01% in 2011-2013 over the 1970-1974, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005, respectively (Z=-7.342,P<0.001). Compared with 1970-1974, the age-standardized mortality rate of rural women increased by 41.86% in 2011-2013 (Z=-17.933, P<0.001), and that of urban women increased by 18.62% in 2011-2013 (Z=-25.642, P<0.001). The age-standardized mortality rate of breast cancer in urban women was higher than that in rural women in different times (all P<0.05). The spatial scan analysis found that eastern Shandong Province was found to be a sustained high-risk area for death, and other high-risk areas were transferred from north to southwest of Shandong between 1970 and 2013.
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Spatial Analysis

The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan. This was a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 18,712 asymptomatic participants from 154 work units in Wuhan. Pearson Chi-square test,
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Viral/blood* ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Carrier State/immunology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood* ; Immunoglobulin M/blood* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations/classification* ; Phosphoproteins/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the stress distribution characteristics of the graft after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, so as to provide theoretical reference for the surgical plan of ACL reconstruction. METHODS: Based on 3D MRI and CT images, finite element models of the uninjured knee joint and knee joint after ACL reconstruction were established in this study. The uninjured knee model included femur, tibia, fibula, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, ACL and posterior cruciate ligament. The ACL reconstruction knee model included femur, tibia, fibula, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, ACL graft and posterior cruciate ligament. Linear elastic material properties were used for both the uninjured and ACL reconstruction models. The elastic modulus of bone tissue was set as 17 GPa and Poisson' s ratio was 0.36. The material properties of ligament tissue and graft were set as elastic modulus 390 MPa and Poisson's ratio 0.4. The femur was fixed as the boundary condition, and the tibia anterior tension of 134 N was applied as the loading condition. The stress states of the ACL of the intact joint and the ACL graft after reconstruction were solved and analyzed, including tension, pressure, shear force and von Mises stress. RESULTS: The maximum compressive stress (6.34 MPa), von Mises stress (5.9 MPa) and shear stress (1.83 MPa) of the reconstructed ACL graft were all at the anterior femoral end. It was consistent with the position of maximum compressive stress (8.77 MPa), von Mises stress (8.88 MPa) and shear stress (3.44 MPa) in the ACL of the intact knee joint. The maximum tensile stress of the graft also appeared at the femoral end, but at the posterior side, which was consistent with the position of the maximum tensile stress of ACL of the uninjured knee joint. More-over, the maximum tensile stress of the graft was only 0.88 MPa, which was less than 2.56 MPa of ACL of the uninjured knee joint. CONCLUSION The maximum compressive stress, von Mises stress and shear stress of the ACL graft are located in the anterior femoral end, and the maximum tensile stress is located in the posterior femoral end, which is consistent with the position of the maximum tensile stress of the ACL of the uninjured knee joint. The anterior part of ACL and the graft bore higher stresses than the posterior part, which is consistent with the biomechanical characteristics of ACL.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Femur/surgery* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Tibia/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To detect the preoperative chemoradiotherapy sensitivity molecular characteristics of rectal cancer by transcriptome second generation sequencing. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 30 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were collected prospectively, including 9 indicators (general conditions, imaging data before radiotherapy and chemotherapy, pathological data of biopsy before radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and tumor differentiation degree, etc.), in order to analyze the correlation between them and tumor regression grading (TRG) after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer. At the same time, frozen specimens of colonoscopy biopsy before neoadjuvant therapy were collected from these 30 patients, and transcriptome second-generation sequencing was performed for bioinformatics analysis to screen out the genes that might drive the radio chemotherapy sensitivity of rectal cancer. RESULTS: Among the 30 patients with rectal cancer, 9 had complete pathological remission, 12 had partial remission, and 9 had poor remission. The degree of pathological TRG remission after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer was negatively correlated with the preoperative MRI T stage (P=0.046), and positively correlated with preoperative MRI rectal cancer extravascular invasion (EMVI) (P=0.003). Transcriptome second-generation sequencing of the obtained 217 transcripts (P<0.05) for signal pathway enrichment analysis, and multiple cell signal transduction pathways related to antigen presentation could be found. The high expression of HSPA1A, HSPA1B and EXOSC2 was positively correlated with postoperative pathological remission (P<0.05). The high expression of DNMBP, WASH8P, FAM57A, and SGSM2 was positively correlated with postoperative pathological remission (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Preoperative NMR detection of extra-tumoral vascular invasion (EMVI-positive) in patients with rectal cancer was significantly better than that of EMVI-negative patients after chemoradiotherapy. Patients with high expressions of HSPA1A, HSPA1B and EXOSC2 had poor postoperative pathological remission, while patients with high expressions of genes, such as DMNMB, WASH8P, FAM57A, and SGSM2 had good postoperative pathological remission. Based on the molecular characteristics of rectal cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy, attempts to block or enhance the molecular pathways associated with chemosensitivity of rectal cancer, are to be made to further explore new candidate therapeutic targets that can increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Rectal Neoplasms/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcriptome ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects and mechanisms of curcumin alleviating oxidative stress induced by overtraining and inhibiting renal apoptosis in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats of 7 weeks old were divided into control group (C group, 12), overtraining group (OM group, 11), curcumin + overtraining group (COM group, 14). Group C did not undergo any exercise intervention. Rats in OM group and COM group underwent 8-week incremental load swimming training. During the training, the COM group was treated with curcumin at the dose of 200 mg/(kg·d) in the volume as 5 ml/kg by intragastric administration, and the other groups was treated with an equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose. Twenty-four hours after the last training, renal histopathological changes were observed by light microscopy, related biochemical indicators in blood and renal tissue were detected. RESULTS: The results showed that after 8 weeks of incremental load swimming training, the renal tissue structure of group C was normal under light microscope; histopathological changes were observed in OM group; COM group was significantly relieved compared with OM group. Compared with group C, serum levels of corticosterone (Cor), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in OM group were increased (<0.01), serum level of testosterone (T) was lower (<0.01); the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was not changed significantly (>0.05), while the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was decreased (<0.05), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were decreased (<0.01), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was increased (<0.01); the renal apoptosis was increased (<0.01), the expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) was decreased (<0.01), and the expression of proapoptotic Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) was increased (<0.01). Compared with the OM group, Cor level was decreased (<0.01) in the COM group, T level was increased (<0.01), Cr and BUN levels were lower (<0.05); the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased (<0.05), T-AOC and SOD activity were increased (<0.01), MDA concentration was decreased (<0.05); the renal apoptosis was decreased (<0.05), the expression of Bcl-2 was increased (<0.05), and the expression of Bax was decreased (<0.01). The trend of testosterone/corticosterone ratio between groups was consistent with testosterone change, and the change trend of Bcl-2/Bax ratio was consistent with the change of Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS The 8-week incremental load swimming training triggered excessive training in rats, aggravated oxidative stress and accelerated renal apoptosis, leading to pathological changes and dysfunction of kidney. Curcumin can up-regulate expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, effectively alleviates oxidative stress induced by overtraining, thereby increasing Bcl-2 expression, decreasing Bax expression, inhibiting renal apoptosis and protecting renal tissue structure and function properly.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Curcumin ; Kidney ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar