Objective:To investigate how gut microbiota changes during prostate cancer radiotherapy and decipher the relationship of gut microbiota with disease progression and chronic radiation enteritis.Methods:Thirty-one patients with prostate cancer were included in this study,admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2022 to December 2023.The clinical data and stool samples of the patients were collected,and patients were followed up.The collected stool specimens were subjected to 16S rRNA se-quencing to detect gut microbiota and bioinformatics analysis.Results:The relative abundance of phyla such as Firmicutes and Actinobac-teria increased,and that of Bacteroidetes decreased(P<0.05)with an increasing radiotherapeutic dose,while beta diversity was significantly higher(P=0.001).The relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was significantly higher in the prostate cancer progression group than in the non-progression group(P<0.05),the relative abundances of genera such as Sutterella and Haemophilus were significantly higher in the progression group(P<0.05).That of Verrucomicrobia and its offshoots in Akkermansia was higher in the chronic radiation enteritis than in the non-enteritis group(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Coprococcus_1 and Catabacter in the non-enteritis group were higher than those in the enteritis group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Radiotherapy dose accumulation significantly remodeled the floral structure.Sutterella and Haemophilus of the phylum Proteobacteria might be key flora in prostate cancer recurring early after treatment.An augmen-ted abundance of Akkermansia might increase the risk of chronic radiation enteritis,whereas the flora under the Lachnospiraceae branch might exert aprotective effect against chronic radiation enteritis.

Objective:To investigate how gut microbiota changes during prostate cancer radiotherapy and decipher the relationship of gut microbiota with disease progression and chronic radiation enteritis.Methods:Thirty-one patients with prostate cancer were included in this study,admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2022 to December 2023.The clinical data and stool samples of the patients were collected,and patients were followed up.The collected stool specimens were subjected to 16S rRNA se-quencing to detect gut microbiota and bioinformatics analysis.Results:The relative abundance of phyla such as Firmicutes and Actinobac-teria increased,and that of Bacteroidetes decreased(P<0.05)with an increasing radiotherapeutic dose,while beta diversity was significantly higher(P=0.001).The relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was significantly higher in the prostate cancer progression group than in the non-progression group(P<0.05),the relative abundances of genera such as Sutterella and Haemophilus were significantly higher in the progression group(P<0.05).That of Verrucomicrobia and its offshoots in Akkermansia was higher in the chronic radiation enteritis than in the non-enteritis group(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Coprococcus_1 and Catabacter in the non-enteritis group were higher than those in the enteritis group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Radiotherapy dose accumulation significantly remodeled the floral structure.Sutterella and Haemophilus of the phylum Proteobacteria might be key flora in prostate cancer recurring early after treatment.An augmen-ted abundance of Akkermansia might increase the risk of chronic radiation enteritis,whereas the flora under the Lachnospiraceae branch might exert aprotective effect against chronic radiation enteritis.

Coronary perforation is when a contrast agent or blood flows outside a blood vessel through a tear in a coronary artery.In this case,we reported a case of percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary calcified lesions,which led to iatrogenic coronary perforation and cardiac tamponade after the use of Shockwave balloon to treat intracoronary calcified nodules,and the management of PCI-related CAP was systematically reviewed through the literature.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficiency of robotic visualization system(RVS)-assisted microsurgical re-construction of the reproductive tract in male rats and the satisfaction of the surgeons.Methods:We randomly divided 8 adult male SD rats into an experimental and a control group,the former treated by RVS-assisted microsurgical vasoepididymostomy(VE)or vaso-vasostomy(VV),and the latter by VE or VV under the standard operating microscope(SOM).We compared the operation time,me-chanical patency and anastomosis leakage immediately after surgery,and the surgeons'satisfaction between the two groups.Results:No statistically significant difference was observed the operation time between the experimental and the control groups,and no anasto-mosis leakage occurred after VV in either group.The rate of mechanical patency immediately after surgery was 100％in both groups,and that of anastomosis leakage after VE was 16.7％in the experimental group and 14.3％in the control.Compared with the control group,the experimental group achieved dramatically higher scores on visual comfort(3.00±0.76 vs 4.00±0.53,P＜0.05),neck/back comfort(2.75±1.16 vs 4.38±1.06,P＜0.01)and man-machine interaction(3.88±1.55 va 4.88±0.35,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the scores on image definition and operating room suitability between the two groups.Conclusion:RVS can be used in microsurgical reconstruction of the reproductive tract in male rats and,with its advantages over SOM in ergonomic design and image definition,has a potential application value in male reproductive system micosurgery.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

AIM To investigate the role of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides as an inhibitor of pulmonary fibrosis progression in rats.METHODS In contrast to the six rats randomly selected into the blank group,another 34 rats were induced into a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis by bleomycin sulfate ( 5 mg/mL) injection using tracheal puncture followed by 7 days later random assignment of the survival thirty rats into the model group,the prednisone acetate group (1.17 mg/kg) and the low,medium and high dose tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides groups (1,3,6 mg/kg) for 21 days corresponding dosing of the drugs.The general characteristics of rats were observed during administration.After the administration,the rats had their pulmonary morphology observed;their lung coefficients of each group compared;their structural changes of lung tissue observed using HE staining;their collagen deposition observed by Masson staining;and their hyperplastic conditions assessed by the criteria for judging pulmonary fibrous hyperplasia;their serum HYP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels detected by ELISA;their pulmonary expressions of miR-146a,NF-κB and Col-I mRNA detected by RT-qPCR method;and their pulmonary protein expressions of p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed increased levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and HYP ( P<0.01);decreased pulmonary miR-146a mRNA expression ( P<0.01);and increased expressions of NF-κB,Col-I mRNA and p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA protein ( P<0.01 ).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with either prednisone acetate or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside shared differently improved alveolar structure and inflammatory cell infiltration;reduced fibrosis;increased pulmonary miR-146a mRNA expression ( P<0.01);increased levels of TRAF6-α,IL-6,IL-1β and HYP in serum,and expressions of NF-κB and Col-I mRNA and expression of p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA protein of the lung tissue ( P<0.05,P<0.01) as well.CONCLUSION Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides can delay the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation via miR-146/NF-κB signaling pathway.

AIM To investigate the role of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides as an inhibitor of pulmonary fibrosis progression in rats.METHODS In contrast to the six rats randomly selected into the blank group,another 34 rats were induced into a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis by bleomycin sulfate ( 5 mg/mL) injection using tracheal puncture followed by 7 days later random assignment of the survival thirty rats into the model group,the prednisone acetate group (1.17 mg/kg) and the low,medium and high dose tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides groups (1,3,6 mg/kg) for 21 days corresponding dosing of the drugs.The general characteristics of rats were observed during administration.After the administration,the rats had their pulmonary morphology observed;their lung coefficients of each group compared;their structural changes of lung tissue observed using HE staining;their collagen deposition observed by Masson staining;and their hyperplastic conditions assessed by the criteria for judging pulmonary fibrous hyperplasia;their serum HYP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels detected by ELISA;their pulmonary expressions of miR-146a,NF-κB and Col-I mRNA detected by RT-qPCR method;and their pulmonary protein expressions of p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed increased levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and HYP ( P<0.01);decreased pulmonary miR-146a mRNA expression ( P<0.01);and increased expressions of NF-κB,Col-I mRNA and p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA protein ( P<0.01 ).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with either prednisone acetate or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside shared differently improved alveolar structure and inflammatory cell infiltration;reduced fibrosis;increased pulmonary miR-146a mRNA expression ( P<0.01);increased levels of TRAF6-α,IL-6,IL-1β and HYP in serum,and expressions of NF-κB and Col-I mRNA and expression of p-P65,IRAK1,TRAF6 and α-SMA protein of the lung tissue ( P<0.05,P<0.01) as well.CONCLUSION Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides can delay the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation via miR-146/NF-κB signaling pathway.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with skip metastasis at esophageal resection margin during radical gastrectomy. Methods: This is a descriptive study of case series. Relevant data from 2006 to 2022 were collected from two major gastric cancer consultation and treatment centers: Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Jinling Hospital.Characteristics, surgical approach, number of dissected lymph nodes, immunohistochemical staining, and pathological staging were summarized and analyzed. The distribution of residual tumor cells at the esophageal margins was further analyzed at the cellular and tissue levels. Skip metastasis at the esophageal resection margin was defined as a negative esophageal margin with a positive margin in the cephalad donut. Results: Thirty (0.33%, 30/8972) eligible patients, 24 (80.0%) of whom were male, were identified in the two centers. The mean age was 63.9±11.0 years. Seventeen (56.7%) of these patients had papillary or tubular adenocarcinomas, including 13 (43.3%) poorly- and four (13.3%) moderately-differentiated tumors; four (13.3%) had signet-ring cell carcinomas; four (13.3%) mucinous adenocarcinomas; three (10.0%) mixed adenocarcinomas, including two with poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas mixed with signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma; and one had a poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma mixed with signet-ring cell carcinoma. Two patients (6.7%) had other types of cancer, namely adenosquamous carcinoma in one patient and undifferentiated carcinoma in the other one. The predominant tumor sites were the lesser curvature (n=26, 86.7%) and the cardia (n=24, 80.0%). The mean tumor diameter was 6.6 cm, mean distance between tumor and esophageal resection margin was 1.5 cm, and proportions of tumor invasion into the dentate line, nerves, and vessels were 80.0% (24/30), 86.7%(26/30), and 93.3% (28/30), respectively. The mean number of lymph nodes resected was 20.4±8.9. The pathological stage was mainly T4 (n=18, 60.0%) and N3 (n=21, 70.0%), the median Ki67 was 52.7%, and the rates of positivity for HER2, EGFR, VEGFR, E-cadherin and PD-L1 were 40.0% (12/30), 46.7% (14/30), 80.0% (24/30), 86.7% (26/30) and 16.7% (5/30), respectively. At the cellular level, cancer cells were mainly distributed in small focal areas, as cell masses, or as tumor thrombi; large numbers of widely distributed atypic cells were seldom observed. At the tissue level, cancer cells were located in the mucosal layer in seven patients (23.3%), in the submucosal layer in 18 (60.0%), and in the muscular layer in five (16.7%); no cancer cells were identified in the outer membrane. Five of the seven tumors were located in the lamina propria, two in the muscularis mucosae, and none in the mucosal epithelium. Conclusion: Patients with skip metastasis at the esophageal resection margin at radical gastrectomy have unfavorable tumor biology and a high proliferation index, are at a late pathological stage, and the residual cancer is mostly located in the submucosa.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Margins of Excision ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Gastrectomy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies