Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound radiomics combined with machine learning for early diagnosis of seronegative Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (SN-HT) .Methods:This retrospective study included 164 patients from Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital , Lixin County People’s Hospital, Linghai Dalinghe Hospital, Fengcheng Phoenix Hospital, who underwent thyroidectomy for solitary nodules with normal thyroid function between Nov. 2016 and Jan. 2024. Postoperative pathology confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in some cases, who were further categorized into antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups based on serum antibody status. Patients without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis served as the control group. A total of 298 ultrasound images were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from hypoechoic non-nodular areas within 0.5 cm surrounding the tumor. Two senior pathologists and two senior ultrasound physicians independently assessed lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic changes of follicular epithelium, and the proportion of hypoechoic areas in pathology and ultrasound images, respectively. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using linear regression and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) techniques. The dataset was divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CCH-NET with that of senior ultrasound physicians. Results:In internal validation, CCH-NET achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 88.89% for both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups, significantly higher than the 66.67% accuracy of senior ultrasound physicians ( P<0.01). In external validation, CCH-NET achieved 75.00% and 66.67% accuracy for the two groups, compared to 50.00% by senior ultrasound physicians. For the control group, both methods achieved 93.33% accuracy. The AUC of CCH-NET was 0.848, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (0.681) ,demonstrating superior diagnostic performance. Conclusion:The radiomics-based CCH-NET model, using non-nodular hypoechoic areas as a specific indicator, can accurately identify early SN-HT in euthyroid patients. It significantly outperforms senior ultrasound physicians, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing missed diagnoses.

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound radiomics combined with machine learning for early diagnosis of seronegative Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (SN-HT) .Methods:This retrospective study included 164 patients from Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital , Lixin County People’s Hospital, Linghai Dalinghe Hospital, Fengcheng Phoenix Hospital, who underwent thyroidectomy for solitary nodules with normal thyroid function between Nov. 2016 and Jan. 2024. Postoperative pathology confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in some cases, who were further categorized into antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups based on serum antibody status. Patients without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis served as the control group. A total of 298 ultrasound images were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from hypoechoic non-nodular areas within 0.5 cm surrounding the tumor. Two senior pathologists and two senior ultrasound physicians independently assessed lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic changes of follicular epithelium, and the proportion of hypoechoic areas in pathology and ultrasound images, respectively. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using linear regression and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) techniques. The dataset was divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CCH-NET with that of senior ultrasound physicians. Results:In internal validation, CCH-NET achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 88.89% for both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups, significantly higher than the 66.67% accuracy of senior ultrasound physicians ( P<0.01). In external validation, CCH-NET achieved 75.00% and 66.67% accuracy for the two groups, compared to 50.00% by senior ultrasound physicians. For the control group, both methods achieved 93.33% accuracy. The AUC of CCH-NET was 0.848, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (0.681) ,demonstrating superior diagnostic performance. Conclusion:The radiomics-based CCH-NET model, using non-nodular hypoechoic areas as a specific indicator, can accurately identify early SN-HT in euthyroid patients. It significantly outperforms senior ultrasound physicians, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing missed diagnoses.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the composition of vaginal microecology. It will analyze the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine intervention in treating HR-HPV infection, as well as the effects of this combined approach on vaginal microecology. Additionally, the study seeks to identify new methods to inhibit the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 100 patients with HR-HPV infection who visited the Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from April to June 2023. The participants were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 patients in each group using a random number table method. The control group received interferon treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion. High-throughput DNA sequencing of vaginal secretions was conducted to compare the differences in pre- and post-treatment vaginal microecological composition and the rate of HR-HPV clearance between the two groups. Results:In the observation group, both the diversity index and the abundance of vaginal microecology showed significant improvements compared with the control group, particularly in the abundance of dominant Lactobacillus species. These differences were statistically significant ( R = 0.124, 0.304, 0.030, all P < 0.05). The rates of HR-HPV clearance and overall effective rate (clearance + effective) in the observation group were 44% (22/50) and 68% (34/50), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [20% (10/50), 32% (16/50), χ2 = 12.98, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2 = 1.76, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion effectively treats HR-HPV infection by regulating the composition of vaginal microecology. This approach shows considerable efficacy and good safety, indicating its potential for further clinical application.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the composition of vaginal microecology. It will analyze the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine intervention in treating HR-HPV infection, as well as the effects of this combined approach on vaginal microecology. Additionally, the study seeks to identify new methods to inhibit the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 100 patients with HR-HPV infection who visited the Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from April to June 2023. The participants were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 patients in each group using a random number table method. The control group received interferon treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion. High-throughput DNA sequencing of vaginal secretions was conducted to compare the differences in pre- and post-treatment vaginal microecological composition and the rate of HR-HPV clearance between the two groups. Results:In the observation group, both the diversity index and the abundance of vaginal microecology showed significant improvements compared with the control group, particularly in the abundance of dominant Lactobacillus species. These differences were statistically significant ( R = 0.124, 0.304, 0.030, all P < 0.05). The rates of HR-HPV clearance and overall effective rate (clearance + effective) in the observation group were 44% (22/50) and 68% (34/50), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [20% (10/50), 32% (16/50), χ2 = 12.98, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2 = 1.76, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion effectively treats HR-HPV infection by regulating the composition of vaginal microecology. This approach shows considerable efficacy and good safety, indicating its potential for further clinical application.

Fluoroquinolones are widely used in clinical practice, but their clinical application in juvenile patients has been controversial.The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics, indications and adverse reactions of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in minors.It is shown that the two drugs are effective for infectious diseases and no serious or persistent joint or skeletal muscle injury occurs in minors using the drugs.Hence, in the absence of alternatives, the benefits of Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin treatment for minors may outweigh the risks.

Objective To investitate the efficacy of cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) activation in preventing liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice,weighing 20-30 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R,CB2R agonist JWH133 group (group J),and CB2R agonist JWH133 + CB2R antagonist SR144528 group (group JS).Liver I/ R was produced by blocking the hepatic artery and portal vein for 30 min followed by 45 min of reperfusion in anesthetized mice.At 60 min before ischemia,JWH133 20 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group J,and JWH133 20 mg/kg and SR144528 30 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally in group JS.The liver was removed at 45 min of reperfusion for determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-2 contents (using ELISA),and expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA (by RT-PCR) in the liver tissues and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes.Results Compared with group S,the contents of TNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly increased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in J and JS groups.Compared with group I/R,the contents of TNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly decreased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was down-regulated in J group,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in JS group.Compared with group J,the contents ofTNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly increased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in JS group.The pathological changes of liver tissues were significantly attenuated in group J as compared with I/R and JS groups.Conclusion CB2R activation is effective in preventing liver I/R injury in mice and the mechanism is related to inhibitioni of inflammatory responses in liver tissues.

Carnosine (beta-Ala-L-His) has high antioxidant activity, and it is widely used in biology, chemical engineering, medicine and other fields. Its analogue syntheised in non-aqueous solvent and catalyzed by enzymes is high-effective but low-price, so it has great prospect. Here, we synthesized a carnosine analogue imidazole 4(5)-alanylamide-5(4)-carboxylic acid with imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and L-Alanine as substrates, alpha-chymotrypsin as catalyst in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the optimized synthetic conditions are 4,5-dicarboxylic acid: L-alanine = 1:3 (m/m), alpha-chymotrypsin: substrates (4,5-dicarboxyl acid and L-alanine) = 1:200 (m/m), pH 8 phosphate buffer:THF = 1.6:10 (V/V), reaction temperature 35 degrees C, time 1.5 h. We separated the product with silica gel G60 thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and a new spot appeared at Rf (ratio to front) = 0.81; then the new spot was purified and characterized with UV spectra, high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) and 13C NMR (13C nuclear magnetic resonance). The UV spectra shows a new absorption peak at 310 nm, and the peak in 253 nm is largely strengthened; HPLC reserve times are all 4.5 min at 253 nm, 310 nm, 330 nm; 13C NMR shows 8 carbons. Combing with the catalytic mechanism of alpha-chymotrypsin, structure of the analogue is confirmed, i.e., imidazole 4(5)-alanylamide-5(4)-carboxylic acid.
Carnosine ; analogs & derivatives ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chymotrypsin ; metabolism ; Furans ; chemistry ; Solvents