Two patients (patient 1, a 63-year-old female; patient 2, a 22-year-old male) were treated with anlotinib for lung adenocarcinoma and synovial sarcoma, respectively. Patient 1 developed cough, expectoration, and dyspnea after 8 cycles of anlotinib treatment (12 mg orally once daily, 2 weeks of treatment and 1 week of withdrawal as a treatment cycle). Spontaneous pneumothorax was diagnosed by chest CT. The spontaneous pneumothorax was considered to be related to anlotinib. Then the drug was stopped. After thoracic cavity closed drainage therapy, the patient′s dyspnea was relieved. Due to the progress of the disease, the patient received reduced-dose anlotinib treatment (10 mg/d, with the same usage as before). Spontaneous pneumothorax recurred in the first cycle. Anlotinib treatment was terminated and the symptomatic treatments including thoracic cavity closed drainage, expectorant, anti-infection, and nutritional support were given. Ten days later, chest X-ray examination showed that pneumothorax was cured. Patient 2 developed spontaneous pneumothorax (found by chest CT examination) after 9 cycles of treatment with anlotinib (12 mg/d, with the same usage as that in patient 1). But the patient had no obvious discomfort and continued to use anlotinib under close monitoring of respiratory status.

Two patients (patient 1, a 63-year-old female; patient 2, a 22-year-old male) were treated with anlotinib for lung adenocarcinoma and synovial sarcoma, respectively. Patient 1 developed cough, expectoration, and dyspnea after 8 cycles of anlotinib treatment (12 mg orally once daily, 2 weeks of treatment and 1 week of withdrawal as a treatment cycle). Spontaneous pneumothorax was diagnosed by chest CT. The spontaneous pneumothorax was considered to be related to anlotinib. Then the drug was stopped. After thoracic cavity closed drainage therapy, the patient′s dyspnea was relieved. Due to the progress of the disease, the patient received reduced-dose anlotinib treatment (10 mg/d, with the same usage as before). Spontaneous pneumothorax recurred in the first cycle. Anlotinib treatment was terminated and the symptomatic treatments including thoracic cavity closed drainage, expectorant, anti-infection, and nutritional support were given. Ten days later, chest X-ray examination showed that pneumothorax was cured. Patient 2 developed spontaneous pneumothorax (found by chest CT examination) after 9 cycles of treatment with anlotinib (12 mg/d, with the same usage as that in patient 1). But the patient had no obvious discomfort and continued to use anlotinib under close monitoring of respiratory status.

Angiogenic factor with G and FHA domain 1 (AGGF1) is an identified angiogenic factor in recent years,which is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and exhibits the same function as vascular endothelial growth factor,and can promote angiogenesis.Recently,it has been found that AGGF1 is highly expressed in various tumors such as liver cancer,leukemia,glioma and gastric cancer.Based on its participation in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis,DNA repair and autophagy,tumors with high expression of AGGF1 are prone to drug resistance and metastasis,and the survival and prognosis of patients are worse.Deep understanding of the roles of AGGF1 in tumor angiogenesis and its specific molecular mechanisms will provide new strategies for anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy in the future.

Small cell lung cancer is a special type of neuroendocrine tumor in the lungs,which has a poor therapeutic effect,and a short time for resistance to relapse,recurrence and distant metastasis.Therefore,searching for readily available predictive parameters is important for clinical treatment strategy.Some indicators of blood cell parameters have been extensively studied in malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer,breast cancer,gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.In-depth understanding of the role of blood cell parameters in small cell lung cancer and its possible mechanisms are of great value in predicting the curative effect and prognosis of small cell lung cancer.

Evoked potentials(EPs) are nonstationary and have characteristics that vary throughout stimulus trails. With the development of signal processing, new techniques focus on using fewer trails to extract the evoked potentials and to achieve single-trial extraction of evoked potentials finally. Therefore, fewer trials or single-trial estimation of evoked potentials has become the hotspot in the field of biomedical signal processing. In this article, signal processing methods of fast extraction of evoked potentials developed in recent years are reviewed and the approaches based on adaptive filter, wavelet transform, neural network and independent component analysis are discussed.