OBJECTIVE: To compare the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) during pregnancy on maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes, fetal developmental defects, and neuropsychological behavior abnormalities in offspring mice. METHODS: Eighty pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, EA, TEAS, and sham-stimulation groups, 16 mice in each group. MIA models were replicated on the day 12.5 of pregnancy via tail intravenous injection with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. On the second day of modeling success, in the EA and TEAS groups, the interventions were delivered at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36), with a frequency of 2 Hz, a current of 0.5 mA, and for 20 min each day in the pregnant mice; and the interventions lasted 6 days. Body mass and fertility indexes of pregnant mice, and the development indexes of offspring mice were recorded. Liquid phase suspension chip technology was used to detect the levels of cytokines and chemotactic factors in the serum of pregnant mice and and fetal brain of offspring mice. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the proportion of the subgroups and subtypes of spleen T lymphocytes and macrophages in pregnant mice. Using the open field test, prepulse inhibition (PPI) test and Morris water maze, the spatial learning and memory were assessed in offspring mice. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect microglial count in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in offspring mice. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the model group showed a reduced body mass of pregnancy mice (P<0.01), smaller litter size and fewer live births (P<0.01, P<0.05), the increase in dead birth and the decrease in offspring survival rate (P<0.05, P<0.01). When compared with model group, in the EA group and the TEAS group, the body mass of pregnancy mice rose (P<0.05), litter size and live births increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the dead birth was reduced and the offspring survival rate higher (P<0.05). In comparison with the control group, the model group showed the increase in the levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), γ-interferon (IFN-γ) in the serum of pregnant mice, and spleen M1 macrophage proportion (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the decrease in spleen M2 macrophages of pregnant mice (P<0.01); and the increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 in fetal brain of offspring mice (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the EA group and the TEAS group showed the decrease in MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-γ, and spleen M1 macrophage proportion (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the increase in spleen M2 macrophages of pregnant mice (P<0.01, P<0.05) ; and the decrease in MCP-1 and IL-6 in fetal brain of offspring mice (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, in the model group, the total movement distance, escape incubation were extended (P<0.05, P<0.01), the frequency of entering the central area and crossing the platform decreased, and the activity duration in central area was shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), the average speed rose (P<0.05), PPI%, the percentage of target quadrant swimming time in the total time and that of target quadrant swimming distance in the total distance were reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01) in offspring mice. When compared with the model group, in the EA group and TEAS group, the total movement distance and escape incubation were shortened, the average speed was reduced (P<0.05), PPI% and the frequency of crossing the platform increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the percentage of target quadrant swimming time in the total time and that of target quadrant swimming distance in the total distance rose (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the offspring mice. In the EA group, the frequency of entering the central area and the activity duration in central area were higher (P<0.05, P<0.01); and in the the TEAS group, the activity duration in central area were longer (P<0.05). When compared with the control group, in the model group, microglial count in mPFC was elevated in offspring mice (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the EA group and the TEAS group showed the decrease of microglial count in mPFC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EA and TEAS at "Zusanli" (ST36) during pregnancy effectively improve in the pregnancy outcomes and fetal brain developmental abnormalities induced by infection, and attenuate neurodevelopmental defects and mental disorders of offspring mice through inhibiting inflammatory activation of microglia in mPFC.
Animals ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Electroacupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Male

Lung cancer, a highly prevalent and deadly malignancy globally, poses a significant disease burden in China and is the leading cause of cancer death. Despite rapid advances in medicine, its incidence and mortality rates remain stubbornly high, making it a major challenge in public health. Against the backdrop of rapid progress in precision medicine, the paradigm of lung cancer treatment is shifting from single traditional therapy to multi-dimensional integration. This article comprehensively reviews the innovations and challenges in lung cancer surgery in 2024, aiming to explore the future development of surgical treatment with colleagues and to improve patients' quality of life and achieve the goal of "cure".
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVES: To explore the values of materialism in medical postgraduates and its relationship with depression. METHODS: We conducted a survey among 592 postgraduates in clinical medicine using Materialism Tendency Scale (MTS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive analysis, mean comparison, and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The postgraduates had a mean total score of materialism of 56.36±10.44, and 11.8%, 54.1%, and 34.1% of them reported high, medium, and low levels of materialism, respectively. No significant differences were found in the total score of materialism among the postgraduates of different genders or with different family economic levels, but the postgraduates from urban families had a significantly higher level of materialism than those from rural families (P<0.001). 18.4% of the postgraduates screened positive for moderate to severe depressive symptoms. The total score of MTS was positively correlated with depression (r=0.289, P<0.001). The dimension scores of MTS for materialism obsessions, material vanity, material interest, and material pursuit were all positively correlated with depression (r=0.183-0.289, P<0.001). The depressive symptoms and their overall levels differed significantly among individuals with different levels of materialism, and higher levels of materialism were associated with severer depressive symptoms (F=18.792, P<0.001) and a higher positive rate of depression (χ²=27.528, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Materialistic values may increase the risk of depression among medical postgraduates.
Humans ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Resistance to poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) presents a considerable obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer. F-box and tryptophan-aspartic (WD) repeat domain containing 11 (FBXW11) modulates the ubiquitination of growth-and invasion-related factors in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma. The function of FBXW11 in PARPi therapy is still ambiguous. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that FBXW11 expression was raised in ovarian cancer cells that had been treated with PARPi. FBXW11 was abnormally expressed at low levels in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissues, and low levels of FBXW11 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in HGSOC patients. Overexpressing FBXW11 made ovarian cancer more sensitive to PARPi, while knocking down FBXW11 made it less sensitive. The four-dimensional (4D) label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that FBXW11 targeted S100 calcium binding protein A11 (S100A11) and promoted its degradation through ubiquitination. The increased degradation of S100A11 led to less efficient DNA damage repair, which in turn contributed to increased PARPi-induced DNA damage. The role of FBXW11 in promoting PARPi sensitivity was also confirmed in xenograft mouse models. In summary, our study confirms that FBXW11 promotes the susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to PARPi via affecting S100A11-mediated DNA damage repair.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.