Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

Purpose To investigate the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking in evaluating right ventricular function in cardiac amyloidosis(CA).Materials and Methods A total of 25 patients with CA,30 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and 30 healthy controls were retrospectively selected from July 2021 to October 2023 in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital.The regional difference was represented by the formula apical ratio.The parameters of conventional echocardiography,two-dimensional strain and apical ratio of the three groups were analyzed and compared.Results Only segmental strain was different in right ventricular structure and function between CA group and HCM group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In the CA group,the strain gradient of the right ventricle from the apex of the heart to the base was the same as that of the left ventricle,that was,the"apex preservation"pattern,which was not seen in the HCM group and the control group.Comparison of the right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain-apical ratio,right ventricle four-chamber longitudinal strain-apical ratio,left ventride global longitudinal strain-apical ratio among the three groups,it was found that the levels of CA group were higher than HCM group and control group,and the differences were statistically significant(H=40.40,43.18,55.43,all P<0.05).The right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain-apical ratio had the highest CA recognition value,the area under the curve was 0.935,sensitivity was 96%and specificity was 83%.Conclusion Two-dimensional speckle tracking can accurately evaluate the right ventricular function impairment in CA patients and provide a new choice for clinical evaluation and identification of CA patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)imaging features of acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time.Methods:The clinical features and imaging data of 56 cases of acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time confirmed by surgery from February 2022 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 56 cases with acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time,the appendectomy position results showed:anterior ileum 4 cases(7.14％),lower ileum 10 cases(17.86％),posterior cecum 16 cases(28.57％),lower cecum 9 cases(16.07％),lateral cecum 2 cases(3.58％),posterior ileum 6 cases(10.71％),high(subhepatic)9 cases(16.07％),and left lower abdominal 0 cases,retroperitoneal appendicitis 0 cases,which was suggested that the anatomical position variation of appendicitis in soldiers with acute appendicitis who have been living at high altitude for a long time was relatively large.The direct manifestations of multi-slice spiral CT showed:appendectomy enlarged diameter＞6 mm in 49 cases(87.50％),appendicular wall thickening＞2 mm in 42 cases(75.00％),ppendiceal dilation lumen and effusion in 29 cases(51.79％),appendix indistinctness in 3 cases(5.36％),lppendix fecalith:27 cases(48.21％),gas in the appendix in 16 cases(28.57％).Indirect findings of multi-slice spiral CT showed that,periappendiceal exudation with shadow in 32 cases(57.14％),appendiceal cellulitis with peripheral abscess in 9 cases(16.07％),peritonitis and ascites in 13 cases(23.21％),ileocecal intestinal wall thickening in 22 cases(39.29％),mesenteric lymph node enlargement in 16 cases(28.57％),reflexive intestinal stasis in ileocecal region was observed in 19 cases(33.93％).Conclusion:In the officers and soldiers with acute appendicitis who lived at high altitude for a long time,multi-slice spiral CT showed the direct manifestations of appendiceal thickening,tube wall thickening,lumen dilatation,fluid accumulation,etc.,and the indirect manifestations were periappendiceal exudation with shadow,appendiceal cellulitis with peripheral abscess,ileocecal intestinal wall thickening,reflexes of small intestine and mesenteric lymph node enlargement.Multi-slice spiral CT has the advantages of clear and intuitive,high safety,high resolution and simple operation in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Purpose To evaluate the static structural changes of mitral annulus and leaflets in mitral valve prolapse via three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(3D-TEE),and their continuous dynamic changes during the cardiac cycle.Materials and Methods Twenty-six patients with mitral valve prolapse diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively included,and 30 patients who were examined by transesophageal echocardiography in our hospital during the same period due to monitoring of patent foramen ovale or non-cardiac surgery were selected as the control group.The related parameters of the valve annulus were measured.In addition,the meaningful parameters were measured at late diastole(LD),early systole(ES),middle systole(MS)and late systole(LS),and the change rate was calculated.The static structure of mitral valve device was compared between the two groups,and the differences of various parameters at different times were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the annulus height(AH)and the ratio of annulus height and combined width(AHCWR)in the case group decreased,and the other parameters increased(t=-7.447-12.472,all P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference in the maximum displacement distance of the annulus between the two groups(P>0.05).Comparing the related parameters of LD,ES,MS and LS at four different time points,compared with the control group,all the parameters in the case group increased except AH and AHCWR(t=-16.224-15.683,all P<0.05).Comparing the continuous changes at four different times,the continuous changes of all parameters in the control group were statistically significant(F=7.632-323.837,all P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the parameters of the control group from LD to ES(all P<0.05).Except anterolateral to posteromedial diameter,intertrigonal diameter and annulus area,the continuous changes of other parameters in the case group were statistically significant(F=3.041-71.082,all P<0.05),and only non-planar angle,AH and AHCWR in the case group had statistical differences in LD to ES(all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the change rate of parameters in the case group decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(t/U=-7.069-780.000,all P<0.05),and the change rate of C-ring was greater than that of intertrigonal diameter.Conclusion 3D-TEE can quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of mitral annulus and leaflets,and analyze the continuous changes of mitral valve in cardiac cycle in detail,which can provide more accurate preoperative evaluation for patients and guide treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of riboflavin on cerebral infarction volume and the possible mecha-nism of apoptotic factors with cerebral ischemic injury in mice.Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6J male mice were divided into the sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group and riboflavin intervention group(MCAO+RF)randomly.TTC staining was used to observe the infarction of the cerebral tissues;Quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor protein p53(p53),cytochrome C(CytC),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3),poly ADP-ribose poly-merase(PARP),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-6(caspase-6)and apoptosis inducing factor(AIF)in different groups,to study the possible mechanism of riboflavin inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.The proteins expression of acetyl-p53(AC-p53),caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Compared with the MCAO group,the cerebral infarct volume of the MCAO+RF group was obviously reduced(P＜0.01);The relative expression of p53,CytC,caspase-3,PARP,caspase-6 and AIF were significantly lower in the MCAO+RF group(P＜0.05).Addition-ally,significant differences were observed in the proteins expression of AC-p53,caspase-3 and PARP between the MCAO group and MCAO+RF group.Conclusion:Riboflavin has a protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury,which is possibly realized by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through multiple pathways.

The coil adverse events in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database from January 2021 to June 2024 were analyzed retrospectively.The risks of coils during the clinical application and their causes were explored with hospital survey and expert demonstration in Shandong Province.Some improving measures were put forward for the safe use of coils,including implementing the main responsibility of the registrant,enhancing the professional skills of the using institutions and strengthening the supervision of the supervisory authorities.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):83-87]

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)imaging features of acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time.Methods:The clinical features and imaging data of 56 cases of acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time confirmed by surgery from February 2022 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 56 cases with acute appendicitis in soldiers who have been living in plateau for a long time,the appendectomy position results showed:anterior ileum 4 cases(7.14％),lower ileum 10 cases(17.86％),posterior cecum 16 cases(28.57％),lower cecum 9 cases(16.07％),lateral cecum 2 cases(3.58％),posterior ileum 6 cases(10.71％),high(subhepatic)9 cases(16.07％),and left lower abdominal 0 cases,retroperitoneal appendicitis 0 cases,which was suggested that the anatomical position variation of appendicitis in soldiers with acute appendicitis who have been living at high altitude for a long time was relatively large.The direct manifestations of multi-slice spiral CT showed:appendectomy enlarged diameter＞6 mm in 49 cases(87.50％),appendicular wall thickening＞2 mm in 42 cases(75.00％),ppendiceal dilation lumen and effusion in 29 cases(51.79％),appendix indistinctness in 3 cases(5.36％),lppendix fecalith:27 cases(48.21％),gas in the appendix in 16 cases(28.57％).Indirect findings of multi-slice spiral CT showed that,periappendiceal exudation with shadow in 32 cases(57.14％),appendiceal cellulitis with peripheral abscess in 9 cases(16.07％),peritonitis and ascites in 13 cases(23.21％),ileocecal intestinal wall thickening in 22 cases(39.29％),mesenteric lymph node enlargement in 16 cases(28.57％),reflexive intestinal stasis in ileocecal region was observed in 19 cases(33.93％).Conclusion:In the officers and soldiers with acute appendicitis who lived at high altitude for a long time,multi-slice spiral CT showed the direct manifestations of appendiceal thickening,tube wall thickening,lumen dilatation,fluid accumulation,etc.,and the indirect manifestations were periappendiceal exudation with shadow,appendiceal cellulitis with peripheral abscess,ileocecal intestinal wall thickening,reflexes of small intestine and mesenteric lymph node enlargement.Multi-slice spiral CT has the advantages of clear and intuitive,high safety,high resolution and simple operation in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of riboflavin on cerebral infarction volume and the possible mecha-nism of apoptotic factors with cerebral ischemic injury in mice.Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6J male mice were divided into the sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group and riboflavin intervention group(MCAO+RF)randomly.TTC staining was used to observe the infarction of the cerebral tissues;Quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor protein p53(p53),cytochrome C(CytC),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3),poly ADP-ribose poly-merase(PARP),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-6(caspase-6)and apoptosis inducing factor(AIF)in different groups,to study the possible mechanism of riboflavin inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.The proteins expression of acetyl-p53(AC-p53),caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Compared with the MCAO group,the cerebral infarct volume of the MCAO+RF group was obviously reduced(P＜0.01);The relative expression of p53,CytC,caspase-3,PARP,caspase-6 and AIF were significantly lower in the MCAO+RF group(P＜0.05).Addition-ally,significant differences were observed in the proteins expression of AC-p53,caspase-3 and PARP between the MCAO group and MCAO+RF group.Conclusion:Riboflavin has a protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury,which is possibly realized by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through multiple pathways.

The coil adverse events in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database from January 2021 to June 2024 were analyzed retrospectively.The risks of coils during the clinical application and their causes were explored with hospital survey and expert demonstration in Shandong Province.Some improving measures were put forward for the safe use of coils,including implementing the main responsibility of the registrant,enhancing the professional skills of the using institutions and strengthening the supervision of the supervisory authorities.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):83-87]

Objective:To investigate outpatients with central venous catheters regarding their awareness and needs for internet-based nursing clinics for venous catheter maintenance, and to provide reference for the development of internet-based catheter care services.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 280 patients with central venous catheters who visited the Outpatient Catheter Maintenance Room of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between November and December 2024. A self-designed questionnaire on awareness and needs regarding catheter venous catheters in internet-based nursing clinics was used to conduct the survey.Results:A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 271 valid questionnaires were recovered, yielding an effective response rate of 96.79%. Regarding awareness, 47.97% (130/271) of the patients were aware of internet-based catheter maintenance services, and 80.81% (219/271) expressed willingness to try them. Regarding outpatient demand, 62.73% (170/271) preferred video consultations and 20.66% (56/271) preferred online text-based consultations. A total of 55.35% (150/271) of patients hoped for 24-hour access to consultation services, and 49.45% (134/271) were very willing to pay additional service fees. In terms of service content, 86.72% (235/271) hoped for more convenient home-visit services, 91.14% (247/271) expected assistance with expert appointment booking, and 95.94% (260/271) wanted medication delivery services related to catheter maintenance. Regarding education and support, 83.76% (227/271) hoped to gain knowledge about disease prevention and management, and 73.80% (200/271) desired guidance on healthy lifestyle practices.Conclusions:Outpatients with central venous catheters have relatively low awareness of internet-based nursing clinics for venous catheter maintenance, but show high levels of service demand. They also express expectations for expanded service content and formats. Hospital administrators should gradually improve the service system based on patients' needs and enhance educational initiatives to improve patient awareness, ultimately delivering more timely, high-quality, and efficient nursing services.