ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of psittacosis cases in Fuyang District of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control of this disease. MethodsEpidemiological investigation data and clinical records of psittacosis cases residing in Fuyang District of Hangzhou from September 2020 to February 2025 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze temporal-spatial-demographic distribution characteristics, exposure history, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and laboratory findings. Comprehensive analyses were further conducted incorporating environmental surveillance and case follow-up data. ResultsAmong the 16 psittacosis cases, the male-to-female ratio was 1∶1, with an incidence rate of 0.57/100 000 for both males and females. The mean age was (59.88±10.66) years old, and the highest incidence rates were in the 70‒79 years and 60‒69 years age groups, with an incidence rate of 1.41/100 000 and 1.30/100 000, respectively. Fourteen cases (87.50%) had a history of avian exposure. The predominant clinical symptoms included fever (15 cases, 93.75%), cough (11 cases, 68.75%), expectoration (9 cases, 56.25%), and fear of cold (8 cases, 50.00%). All cases showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and the results of chest computed tomography (CT) indicated pneumonia in every case. Neutrophil percentage was elevated in 87.50% (14/16) of cases, while lymphocyte percentage was reduced in 93.75% (15/16) of cases. The median time from onset to first medical consultation was 4.00 days, the median time from onset to confirmed diagnosis was 9.50 days, and the median time of hospitalization was 9.00 days. Compared with non-severe cases, the severe group had significantly higher neutrophil percentage, CRP levels, and longer intervals from onset to confirmed diagnosis, onset to first antibiotic administration, and duration of hospitalization. All cases recovered and were discharged, and more than 50% were treated with omadacycline following confirmed diagnosis. ConclusionMost psittacosis cases reported definitive avian exposure history in Fuyang District of Hangzhou. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for preventing disease progression to severe stages.

Recently， the American College of Gastroenterology （ACG） released the clinical guidelines on perioperative risk assessment and management of patients with cirrhosis， proposing a comprehensive approach for perioperative risk assessment and management in these patients. The guidelines mainly focus on the severity of liver diseases， extrahepatic comorbidities， and surgery-specific factors， with an emphasis on individualized risk stratification using validated risk assessment tools （such as the VOCAL-Penn score） for patients with cirrhosis. This article gives an excerpt of the key statements in the guidelines.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Fuzheng Huaji Formula （扶正化积方） for chronic hepatitis B to reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting medical records of 118 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 234 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis who visited the hospital between January 1， 2014， and December 31， 2018. The use of Fuzheng Huaji Formula was designated as the exposure factor. Patients receiving antiviral treatment for hepatitis B without concurrent Fuzheng Huaji Formula therapy were included in the western medicine group， while those receiving antiviral treatment combined with Fuzheng Huaji Formula for a cumulative treatment lasting longer than 3 months were included in the combined treatment group. The follow-up observation period was five years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to examine the factors influencing the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. ResultsAmong patients with chronic hepatitis B， there were 55 cases in the combined treatment group and 63 cases in the western medicine group； among patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis， there were 110 cases in the combined treatment group and 124 cases in the western medicine group. Five-year follow-up outcomes for chronic hepatitis B patients showed that the cumulative incidence of cirrhosis was 5.45% （3/55） in the combined treatment group and 17.46% （11/63） in the western medicine group， with a statistically significant difference between groups （Z = 2.003， P = 0.045）. Five-year follow-up outcomes for hepatitis B-related cirrhosis patients showed that the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 8.18% （9/110） in the combined treatment group and 22.58% （28/124） in the western medicine group， also showing a statistically significant difference （Z = 3.007， P = 0.003）. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that treatment with Fuzheng Huaji Formula is an independent protective factor in preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis and the progression of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining Fuzheng Huaji Formula with antiviral therapy for hepatitis B can effectively intervene in the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B， reducing the incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Objective] To analyze the prevalence of human T-lymphocyte leukemia virus (HTLV) among blood donors in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2021, and provide a basis for blood collection and supply management in this region. [Methods] A total of 2 116 951 voluntary blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from March 2016 to December 2021 in Guangzhou, and the reactive cases were further confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Qualitative data were analyzed by χ2 with spss19 software. The trend of the total positive rate of HTLV confirmation test by WB from 2016 to 2021 was analyzed with the Joinpoint software, and the annual percent change (APC) was used to determine whether the trend changes were statistically significant. [Results] From March 2016 to December 2021, the total positive rate for anti-HTLV by ELISA among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou was 0.019 7% (416/ 2116 951), and the WB confirmed positive rate was 0.001 1% (23/2 116 951). The total positive rate of HTLV among individual voluntary blood donors in the six main districts (0.002 12%, 19/895 301) was higher than that among group voluntary blood donors (0.000 32%, 3/951 947) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of HTLV confirmation between the six main districts (0.001 19%) and the three non-main districts (0.000 37%) (P>0.05). The trend of the total positive rate of HTLV infection in the six main districts and the Guangzhou area(including the six main districts and three non-main districts) showed no significant increase or decrease. [Conclusion] The prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in Guangzhou remains at a low level.

AIM: To compare the refractive prediction accuracy of 7 intraocular lens(IOL)calculation formulas in the cataract eyes with short axial length(AL)at different corneal curvatures and anterior chamber depth(ACD), and analyze relevant influencing factors contributing to prediction errors.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 125 patients(125 eyes)with a short AL, who received cataract phacoemulsification at Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital from November 2020 to December 2021. According to the keratometry(Km), they were divided into low flat Km group(≤45.5 D), medium and high Km group(45.5 D

Objective To establish the functional constipated mouse model by compound diphenoxylate, and explore the anti-constipation effect of black garlic polysaccharide. Methods Mouse small intestine ink propulsion experiment and mouse defecation experiment were carried out respectively. The mice in each experiment were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive group and black garlic polysaccharide （0.25, 0.5, 1 g/kg） groups. Mice in blank group and model group were given distilled water, and in positive group were given lactulose oral solution. Compound diphenoxylate （5 mg/kg） was intragastric administrated after 1 week of administration, and small intestine propulsion experiment and defecation experiment were conducted respectively. Results Compared with model group, intestinal propulsion rate of black garlic polysaccharide groups was significantly increased and first dejection time was significantly shorten, and the number, weight and fecal water content increased significantly at 6 h in middle and high dose groups. Conclusion Black garlic polysaccharide could promote intestinal propelling, shorten defecation time and increase fecal water content.

Objective: To elucidate the expression level and transcript structure of the CD36 gene in megakaryocytes cultured in vitro. Methods: Using umbilical cord blood CD34 hematopoietic stem cells as the starting point, megakaryocytic lineage cells were directionally cultured in vitro using different combinations of cytokines. Total cell RNA was extracted from cultures at 0 d, 7 d, and 12 d, and megakaryocyte RNA was extracted from CD41a-sorted cells after 14 d and 18 d of culture. RNA-NGS sequencing technology was used to analyze the RNA gene expression profiles across the five culture periods and further investigate CD36 gene expression. Results: The number of megakaryocytes generated in the TPO (100 ng/mL) group [(2.2±0.02)×10 /mL] was significantly higher than that in the other five groups. A total of 22 066 expressed genes were detected in the RNA of the five culture periods, and gene expression levels at each time point were correlated with the culture timeline. CD36 gene expression increased with culture time, with FPKM values for CD36 expression in the megakaryocytic lineage at 14 d and 18 d being 18.35 and 101.85, respectively, which were much lower than those for ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes but slightly higher than that for CD109 gene in the megakaryocytic lineage. The longest transcript of CD36 in the 18 d megakaryocytic lineage was 3.8 kb, encompassing all sequence of exons E3 to E14 and a partial sequence of E15. Conclusion: This is the first report on the expression level and transcript structure of the CD36 gene in megakaryocytes cultured in vitro, providing fundamental data for research on the expression and regulation of the CD36 gene in the megakaryocytic lineage.

In a healthy human, the airway mucus forms a thin, protective liquid layer covering the surface of the respiratory tract. It comprises a complex blend of mucin, multiple antibacterial proteins, metabolic substances, water, and electrolytes. This mucus plays a pivotal role in the lungs' innate immune system by maintaining airway hydration and capturing airborne particles and pathogens. However, heightened mucus secretion in the airway can compromise ciliary clearance, obstruct the respiratory tract, and increase the risk of pathogen colonization and recurrent infections. Consequently, a thorough exploration of the mechanisms driving excessive airway mucus secretion is crucial for establishing a theoretical foundation for the eventual development of targeted drugs designed to reduce mucus production. Across a range of lung diseases, excessive airway mucus secretion manifests with unique characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, all intricately linked to mucin. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms associated with excessive airway mucus secretion in several prevalent lung diseases.
Humans ; Mucus/metabolism* ; Mucins/physiology* ; Lung Diseases/metabolism* ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology* ; Asthma/physiopathology* ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology* ; Mucociliary Clearance/physiology*