ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor activity of Periplaneta americana extract（PAE） against human-derived lung adenocarcinoma organoids（LUAD-PDOs） and to elucidate its potential mechanism based on transcriptomics. MethodsFresh tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with LUAD were collected to construct LUAD-PDOs and normal lung organoid（Nor-PDOs） models using 3D organoid culture technology. The effective intervention concentration of PAE was determined using the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay. Experimental groups included the model group（LUAD-PDOs）， normal group， model administration group（LUAD-PDOs+PAE）， and normal administration group（Nor-PDOs+PAE）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological structures of PDOs， immunohistochemistry（IHC） was performed to detect the expressions of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and lung adenocarcinoma differentiation markers cytokeratin-7（CK-7） and Napsin A， TUNEL staining was applied to detect cell apoptosis. RNA sequencing（RNA-Seq） was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes（DEGs）， followed by Gene Ontology（GO）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA）， alongside protein-protein interaction（PPI） network analysis to screen core mechanisms. Finally， key targets were validated by integrating external database analysis with immunofluorescence（IF）. ResultsNor-PDOs and LUAD-PDOs that highly recapitulated the pathological characteristics of the primary tissues were successfully established. The CCK-8 assay determined that the effective intervention concentration of PAE was 16 g·L^-1. Morphological observation showed that Nor-PDOs exhibited lumen-forming structures， whereas LUAD-PDOs displayed dense， solid structures. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays revealed that， compared with the model group， PAE intervention inhibited the proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promoted apoptosis in LUAD cells， while showing no significant effect on the viability of Nor-PDOs. Transcriptomic analysis identified 719 DEGs that were significantly reversed after PAE intervention（347 up-regulated and 372 down-regulated）（P<0.05）. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs in the model administration group were significantly enriched in biological processes related to cell cycle regulation compared to the model group. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that PAE affected pathways related to proliferation and metabolism， including pathways in cancer and the p53 signaling pathway. GSEA further confirmed that PAE significantly enhanced the activity of the p53 signaling pathway（P<0.05）. PPI network analysis indicated that breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein（BRCA1） and checkpoint kinase 1（CHEK1） were the core down-regulated targets in the p53 pathway. IF verified the high expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 in LUAD-PDOs and their significant downregulation after PAE intervention（P<0.05）. Furthermore， survival analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） database indicated that low expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with LUAD（P<0.05）. ConclusionPAE effectively inhibits proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promotes their apoptosis， its anti-tumor mechanism is potentially associated with the activation of the p53 signaling pathway， with BRCA1 and CHEK1 genes likely serving as key downstream targets for the effects of PAE.

CRISPR/Cas9-based therapeutics face significant challenges in penetrating the dense microenvironment of solid tumors, resulting in insufficient gene editing and compromised treatment efficacy. Current nanostrategies, which mainly focus on the paracellular pathway attempted to improve gene editing performance, whereas their efficiency remains uneven in the heterogenous extracellular matrix. Here, the nanoCRISPR system is prepared with self-cascading mechanisms for gene editing-mediated robust apoptosis and transcellular penetration. NanoCRISPR unlocks its self-cascade capability within the matrix metallopeptidase 2-enriched tumor microenvironment, initiating the transcellular penetration. By facilitating cellular uptake, nanoCRISPR triggers robust apoptosis in edited malignancies, promoting further transcellular penetration and amplifying gene editing in neighboring tumor cells. Benefiting from self-cascade between robust apoptosis and transcellular penetration, nanoCRISPR demonstrates continuous gene transfection/tumor killing performance (transfection/apoptosis efficiency: 1st round: 85%/84.2%; 2nd round: 48%/27%) and homogeneous penetration. In xenograft tumor-bearing mice, nanoCRISPR treatment achieves remarkable anti-tumor efficacy (∼83%) and significant survival benefits with minimal toxicity. This strategy presents a promising paradigm emphasizing transcellular penetration to enhance the effectiveness of CRISPR-based antitumor therapeutics.

With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene

Current ambient mass spectrometry ionization often requires external auxiliary equipment such as high-voltage power supply,gas cylinder,and syringe pump.Moreover,the process of sample preparation is cumbersome,and the experimental operations are complex,which makes it difficult to adapt to real-time on-site detection.In this work,a novel method was proposed,in which direct sampling of raw samples,online extraction of interest analytes,and ionization of target molecules were integrated into a single unit.With the developed method,the in-situ extraction and nano-electrospray ionization for both liquid and solid raw samples were achieved.Also,a handheld ion source and its pose adjustment device were developed,and the position and angle parameters were subsequently optimized.The performance of the ionization device was tested using standard solutions of caffeine and reserpine.The limits of detection(LODs)were 0.08 μg/L and 0.14 μg/L,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)≤3.7% and≤5.6%,respectively,indicating that the device possessed high sensitivity and stability.Using this device,three different concentrations of reserpine standard solutions were continuously tested for five days.The intra-day RSDs were consistently≤4.7% and the inter-day RSDs were all≤10.3%,showing the good working stability of the device.Without any pretreatment,a rapid qualitative detection of medicinal components including astragaloside II and cycloastragenol in five traditional Chinese medicines was carried out,with RSDs≤8.0% and≤7.1%,respectively.Additionally,rapid qualitative detection of gallic acid,a medicinal component,in white peony roots,and hypaphorine as well as quercetin in cowherb seeds were carried out,with RSDs≤7.0%,≤6.4% and≤6.1%,respectively.These results demonstrated that the ionization technology and device exhibited good stability during qualitative detection of raw samples.

Objective To explore the recognition capabilities of electronic nose combined with machine learning in identifying the breath odor map of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome elements. Methods The study design was a single-center observational study. General data and four diagnostic information were collected from 108 patients with pulmonary nodules admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM from April 2023 to March 2024. The patients' TCM disease location and nature distribution characteristics were analyzed using the syndrome differentiation method. The Cyranose 320 electronic nose was used to collect the odor profiles of oral exhalation, and five machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were employed to identify the exhaled breath profiles of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and different TCM syndromes. Results (1) The common disease locations in pulmonary nodules were ranked in descending order as liver, lung, and kidney; the common disease natures were ranked in descending order as Yin deficiency, phlegm, dampness, Qi stagnation, and blood deficiency. (2) The electronic nose combined with the RF algorithm had the best efficacy in identifying the exhaled breath profiles of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, with an AUC of 0.91, accuracy of 86.36%, specificity of 75.00%, and sensitivity of 92.85%. (3) The electronic nose combined with RF, LR, or XGBoost algorithms could effectively identify the different TCM disease locations and natures of pulmonary nodules, with classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity generally exceeding 80.00%.Conclusion Electronic nose combined with machine learning not only has the potential capabilities to differentiate the benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, but also provides new technologies and methods for the objective diagnosis of TCM syndromes in pulmonary nodules.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

BACKGROUND:Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to the deformity of acetabulum and proximal femur,which can lead to hip instability and hip osteoarthritis. Periacetabular osteotomy is the main treatment for non-terminal developmental dysplasia of hip in adolescents and adults. Pelvic inclination plays an important role in biomechanics of hip joint,which determines the stress direction of hip joint. In hip joint diseases,pelvic compensatory tilt can occur to minimize the abnormal stress of hip joint.OBJECTIVE:To observe whether periacetabular osteotomy changes pelvic sagittal tilt in patients with developmental dysplasia of hip,and to investigate the effect of acetabular covering on pelvic sagittal tilt.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 patients who underwent periacetabular osteotomy due to developmental dysplasia of hip in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 2019 to June 2022. Anteroposterior X-rays of the standing pelvis were collected before and 6 months after surgery. The pelvic tilt parameters,including the lateral center-edge angle,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint distance,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint midline distance,sacrofemoral-pubic angle,and pelvic tilt,were measured. Hip functions of all patients were assessed by hip disability and osteoarthritis score and Harris score before and 6 months after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The lateral center-edge angle,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint midline distance,and sacrofemoral-pubic angle were significantly increased 6 months postoperatively compared to preoperative values (P<0.05). Tonnis angle and pelvic tilt were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint distance between preoperative and postoperative measurements (P>0.05). (2) The hip disability and osteoarthritis scores and Harris scores were significantly increased 6 months after operation (P<0.01). (3) It is indicated that periacetabular osteotomy surgery can significantly improve acetabular coverage and the pelvis showed significant anteversion changes in patients with developmental dysplasia of hip.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

BACKGROUND:Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to the deformity of acetabulum and proximal femur,which can lead to hip instability and hip osteoarthritis. Periacetabular osteotomy is the main treatment for non-terminal developmental dysplasia of hip in adolescents and adults. Pelvic inclination plays an important role in biomechanics of hip joint,which determines the stress direction of hip joint. In hip joint diseases,pelvic compensatory tilt can occur to minimize the abnormal stress of hip joint.OBJECTIVE:To observe whether periacetabular osteotomy changes pelvic sagittal tilt in patients with developmental dysplasia of hip,and to investigate the effect of acetabular covering on pelvic sagittal tilt.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 patients who underwent periacetabular osteotomy due to developmental dysplasia of hip in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 2019 to June 2022. Anteroposterior X-rays of the standing pelvis were collected before and 6 months after surgery. The pelvic tilt parameters,including the lateral center-edge angle,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint distance,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint midline distance,sacrofemoral-pubic angle,and pelvic tilt,were measured. Hip functions of all patients were assessed by hip disability and osteoarthritis score and Harris score before and 6 months after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The lateral center-edge angle,pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint midline distance,and sacrofemoral-pubic angle were significantly increased 6 months postoperatively compared to preoperative values (P<0.05). Tonnis angle and pelvic tilt were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint distance between preoperative and postoperative measurements (P>0.05). (2) The hip disability and osteoarthritis scores and Harris scores were significantly increased 6 months after operation (P<0.01). (3) It is indicated that periacetabular osteotomy surgery can significantly improve acetabular coverage and the pelvis showed significant anteversion changes in patients with developmental dysplasia of hip.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction in treatment of previous cesarean scar defect(PCSD)and explore the value of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound(3D-PDUS)in the diagnosis of PCSD.Methods A total of 120 PCSD patients treated and treated in Wenzhou People's Hospital from April to October 2023 were selected as study objects,and they were randomly divided into case group(50 cases)and control group(70 cases).The case group was treated with Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction,and the control group was treated with desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets.The clinical effects after 6 months of treatment were compared between two groups.The length,width,depth,lateral muscle thickness and volume of PCSD before and after treatment were evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasound combined with 3D-PDUS.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic parameters in diagnosis of PCSD.Results After 6 months of treatment,the total effective rate of case group was significantly higher than that of control group(x2=21.97,P＜0.01).After treatment,the diverticulum depth and volume in case group were significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The diverticulum depth in case group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).The lateral muscle thickness in case group was significantly greater than that before treatment and control group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of the combined diagnosis of PCSD with diverticular depth,diverticular lateral muscle thickness and diverticular volume was 0.707.Conclusion The clinical effect of Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction on PCSD is remarkable.Transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with 3D-PDUS is the first choice for the diagnosis of PCSD,and it is worth popularizing and applying.