ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Objective To assess the risk of human Spirometra mansoni infections and investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards sparganosis mansoni among residents in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of the sparganosis mansoni control measures. Methods Qinling Village in Fugou County of Zhoukou City, Bali Village in Yancheng District of Luohe City, Duzhai Village in Puyang County of Puyang City and Doushan Village in Luoshan County of Xinyang City were sampled as survey sites in Henan Province from July to August 2023, and more than 40 frogs were sampled from ponds or streams in each survey site for detection of Sparganum mansoni infections. At least 150 residents were sampled using a cluster sampling method from each survey site, and the sero-prevalence of anti-S. mansoni IgG antibody was estimated. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the KAP towards sparganosis mansoni among participants, and the proportion of eligible KAP, rate of correct KAP and KAP scores were calculated. Results A total 229 frogs were collected from 4 survey sites in 2023, and the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 4.37% (10/229) in frogs, with 7.75% (10/129) prevalence in wild frogs and 0 in farm-bred frogs. A questionnaire survey was performed among 649 residents sampled from 4 survey sites, and 649 serum samples were collected. The seroprevalence of anti-S.mansoni IgG antibody was 0.15% (1/649) and the overall proportion of eligible KAP was 23.73% (154/649) among participants. There were age- (χ² = 30.905, P = 0.000), educational level- (χ² = 41.011, P = 0.000), and occupation-specific proportions of eligible KAP among participants (χ² = 10.721, P = 0.005), and the proportion of eligible KAP decreased with age (χ² _trend = 22.717, P = 0.000) and increased with education levels (χ² _trend = 40.025, P = 0.000). The rates of correct KAP towards sparganosis mansoni were 40.81% (2 119/5 192), 96.66% (1 882/1 947) and 63.81% (3 727/5 841) (χ² = 1 913.731, P = 0.000) among residents, respectively. The rates of correct KAP towards sparganosis mansoni varied significantly among survey sites (χ² = 136.872, 42.347 and 255.157; all P values= 0.000, with the highest rate of correct knowledge (51.94%, 748/1 440) and practices (75.86%, 1 229/1 620) in Yancheng District of Luohe City and the highest rate of correct attitudes in Puyang County of Puyang City (99.11%, 446/450) (all P values< 0.05). Conclusions There is still a high transmission risk of sparganosis mansoni in Henan Province, and the KAP towards sparganosis mansoni is required to be improved among residents.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of IgM anti-A/B titers among group O whole blood donors in Jiangsu, establish a low-titer threshold, and analyze the demographic characteristics of low-titer donors, so as to provide data for recruiting low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) donors. Methods: Plasma samples from 1 009 group O whole blood donors were tested for IgM anti-A and anti-B titers using the microplate technique. The distribution of antibody titers was analyzed to establish a low-titer threshold. The distribution trends of titers across different demographic groups were also analyzed. Results: The peak titer for anti-A, anti-B were 64 (31.5%), 4 (23.8%), respectively, The proportion of donors with both anti-A and anti-B titers below 64 was 97.3% (982/1 009). The mean anti-A titer was higher than anti-B titer. Anti-A titers were higher in female donors than in male donors (P<0.05). The anti-A titers differed significantly among different age groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in titers was observed based on the number of donations (P>0.05). Conclusion: A titer of 64 can be used as the reference threshold of LTOWB in Jiangsu. Male donors of appropriate age are more suitable than female donors for establishing an emergency panel of LTOWB mobile donors.

Objectives:To investigate clinical characteristics, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CAPA) infections in Chinese pediatric patients. Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at 6 tertiary hospitals in China during January 2016 to December 2018. The clinical and microbiological data of CAPA infected hospitalized children in Hainan and in other regions were collected and compared, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns, clinical characteristics and antibiotic therapy were analyzed. Between different groups were compared using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:Among 91 patients, 63 cases were males, 28 cases were females, and 74 cases were from Hainan province, 17 cases were from other regians. The age of consultation was 22.5 (5.4, 44.0) months. Twenty-four cases (26%) had underlying diseases. Fever (79 cases (87%)) and cough (64 cases (70%)) were common initial symptoms. Other concomitant symptoms included wheezing 8 cases (9%), diarrhea 3 cases (3%) and vomiting 4 cases (4%). Twenty-eight cases (31%) had organ infections, including pneumonia 22 cases (24%), skin infection 5 cases (5%), meningitis, intra-abdominal infection and upper urinary tract infection each 1 case (1%). The resistance rate of CAPA isolates to cefepime (4% (4/90)), amikacin (1% (1/90)), ciprofloxacin (2% (2/90)) and levofloxacin (1% (1/89)) was low, and to ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-azobactam, carbapenem was 12% (11/90), 3/16, 18% (10/56) and 6% (5/90), respectively. Antimicrobial combination therapy accounted for 52% (47/91) of empirical therapy and 59% (52/88) of definite therapy. Two cases (2%) were hopeless discharged, and 3 cases (3%) died during hospitalization. The worse prognosis of CAPA infection is significantly different among children in other regions and in Hainan (4/17 vs. 1% (1/74), χ2=9.74, P<0.05). Conclusions:The invasive CAPA-infection has regional difference in incidence and prognosis in China. Clinical symptoms and signs are non-specific. CAPA strains isolated from pediatric patients display low level of resistance to most of the common antipseudomonal antibiotics. The proportion of poor prognostic outcome is lower in Hainan than in other regions.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To construct a non-drug intervention program for acute chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in children with cancer and to evaluate its efficacy.Methods Through literature review and Delphi expert correspondence,a non-drug intervention program for acute chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in children with cancer was constructed.By the convenience sampling method,200 consecutive children who received chemotherapy in the neurosurgery department of a tertiary children's hospital in Zhejiang province from February 1 to October 31,2023 were included as the application subjects,with 100 cases in an experimental group and 100 cases in a control group.The experimental group applied the non-drug intervention program of acute chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in children with cancer,and the routine measures were applied in the control group.The incidence of nausea and vomiting,severity of vomiting,compliance rate of normal sleep duration and incidence of negative emotions were compared between the 2 groups.Results The recovery rate of the valid questionnaire in 2 rounds of expert letter inquiry was 100％,and the expert authority coefficient was 0.836.The Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.471 and 0.820(P＜0.001),and the final non-drug intervention program for pediatric acute chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting included 5 primary,14 secondary and 18 tertiary items.The results showed that the incidence of nausea,vomiting and negative emotions in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The severity of vomiting was less than it in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The standard rate of normal sleep time was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The non-drug intervention program of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in children is scientific and feasible,and the implementation of the program can reduce the incidence of nausea,vomiting and negative emotions,reduce the severity of vomiting,and improve the standard rate of normal bedtime in children.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between the ocular demodex infection and the composition of meibum lipid flora.METHODS: A non-interventional and observational study was performed on recruited 39 patients in our hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. They were divided into control group(n=14), meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)group(n=14), and demodex group(FM, n=11)according to the presence or absence of demodex infection or MGD. High-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 fragment of 16S rRNA gene was performed on the meibomian ester samples of the three groups of subjects, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the sequencing data to study the composition and difference of meibum lipid flora in the subjects of ocular demodex.RESULTS: Pseudomonas and Comamonas in FM group were significantly higher than those in control group and MGD group(P<0.05), while Ralstonia in Demodex infection group was significantly lower than that in control group and MGD group(P<0.05). The microbial richness and community diversity of meibum lipid flora of the MGD group and the FM group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Ocular demodex infection changed the composition of meibum lipid flora and increased the microbial richness and community diversity of meibum lipid flora.

AIM: To evaluate retinal vascularization caused by the intravitreal injection of Conbercept in the treatment of a series of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)cases in Type Ⅰ(threshold and pre-threshold period)and aggressive ROP(A-ROP).METHODS: The data of 34 ROP cases(67 eyes)treated by intravitreal injection of Conbercept(IVC)in the ophthalmology department of the Xiamen Children's Hospital from July 2017 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Reactivation, which refers to recurrence of acute phase features, occurred at any stage of the disease in the presence or absence of other diseases. RESULT: The average gestational age of the 34 children was 28.82±2.32wk. The average birth weight was 1155.18±398.22g. The lesion zone of 19 cases(37 eyes)was Zone Ⅰ. In 10 cases(20 eyes), the lesion was in Zone Ⅱ, and in 5 cases(10 eyes), the lesion was in the posterior Zone Ⅱ. The total effective rate of disease control in ROP children treated with once IVC was 73.1%(49/67), and the vascularization of Zone Ⅱ was completed. The patients showed variable changes in the vascularization in Zone Ⅲ. For the patients who received one treatment and did not reactivate, the average rate of Type Ⅰ vascularization of ROP was 9.11±2.49wk, and the A-ROP was 13.40±4.04wk. The rate of A-ROP vascularization in Zone Ⅱ was significantly longer compared to Type Ⅰ.CONCLUSION: IVC effectively completes vascularization in Zone Ⅱ.

A variety of full 2ʹ-F/OMe-modified siRNAs were designed and synthesized, and the activity against hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and HepG2 cells was evaluated. K&A DNA/RNA H-8 synthesizer was used to synthesize siRNAs, and neutral cytidinyl lipid DNCA mixed with cationic lipid CLD were used to transfect siRNA. By RT-qPCR and CCK-8 assay, the target gene silence and the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells were detected. The siRNAs loading into Ago2 protein was detected by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Drug uptake and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PLK1 protein was detected by Western blot. Partial full 2ʹ-F/OMe modified siRNAs, especial siPLK1A3, increased the uptake of Huh-7 cells, enhanced their binding to Ago2 and gene silencing activity, down-regulated PLK1 protein, as well as induced more Huh-7 cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition activity. It provides important data for the development of novel siRNA modification patterns and anti-HCC formulations.

Objective To establish a nomogram for predicting the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods The patients with complete clinical data of DTC and cervical lymph node ultrasound and diagnosed based on pathological evidence from January 2019 to December 2021 were assigned into a training group (n=444) and a validation group (n=125).Lasso regression was performed to screen the data with differences between groups,and multivariate Logistic regression to establish a prediction model with the factors screened out by Lasso regression.C-index and calibration chart were employed to evaluate the prediction performance of the established model. Results The predictive factors for establishing the model were lymph node short diameter≥0.5 cm,long-to-short-axis ratio<2,disappearance of lymph node hilum,cystic transformation,hyperechogenicity,calcification,and abnormal blood flow (all P<0.001).The established model demonstrated a good discriminative ability,with the C index of 0.938 (95%CI=0.926-0.961) in the training group. Conclusion The nomogram established based on the ultrasound image features of cervical lymph nodes in DTC can accurately predict the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis in DTC.
Humans ; Nomograms ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Neck/pathology* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies