Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces are a core carrier for the inheritance and innovation of TCM, and their quality and safety are critical to public health and the sustainable development of the industry. Conventional quality control models, while having established a well-developed system through long-term practice, still face challenges such as relatively long inspection cycles, insufficient objectivity in characterizing complex traits, and urgent needs for improving the efficiency of integrating multidimensional quality information when confronted with the dual demands of large-scale production and precision quality control. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning can deeply analyze multidimensional data of the morphology, spectroscopy, and chemical fingerprints of decoction pieces by constructing high-dimensional feature space analysis models, significantly improving the standardization level and decision-making efficiency of quality evaluation. This article reviews the research progress in the application of machine learning in the processing, production, and rapid quality evaluation of TCM decoction pieces. It further analyzes current challenges in technological implementation and proposes potential solutions, offering theoretical and technical references to advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry.
Machine Learning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of acupuncture therapy on dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: This randomized controlled study lasted 42 days and included 112 patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (56 cases each group) using the completely randomized design, all under routine treatment. The experimental group was given acupuncture therapy. The primary outcome was Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). The secondary outcomes were (1) Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and (2) nutritional status including body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin. Adverse events were recorded as safety indicators. RESULTS: One participant quitted the study midway. There were no significant differences in baseline assessment (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in PAS, SSA and nutritional status except for BMI of the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups in the PAS for both paste and liquid, SSA (25.18±8.25 vs. 20.84±6.92), BMI (19.97±3.34 kg/m²vs. 21.26 ±2.38 kg/m²), serum albumin (35.16 ±5.29 g/L vs. 37.24 ±3.98 g/L), prealbumin (248.33 ±27.72 mg/L vs. 261.39 ±22.10 mg/L), hemoglobin (119.09±12.53 g/L vs. 126.67±13.97 g/L) (P<0.05). There were no severe adverse events during the study. CONCLUSION: The combination of routine treatment and acupuncture therapy can better improve dysphagia and nutritional status in patients with Parkinson's disease, than routine treatment solely. (registration No. CLINICALTRIAL gov NCT06199323).
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/therapy* ; Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Nutritional Status ; Body Mass Index

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with hepatic coma in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We analyzed 545 patients with hepatic coma in the ICU from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Associations between serum chloride levels and 28-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCSs), Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, and Cox regression. Subgroup analyses, external validation, and mechanistic studies were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 545 patients were included in the study. RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association between serum chloride levels and mortality in patients with hepatic coma. The KM curves indicated lower survival rates among patients with low chloride levels (< 103 mmol/L). Low chloride levels were independently linked to increased 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates. In the multivariate models, the hazard ratio ( HR) for 28-day mortality in the low-chloride group was 1.424 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.041-1.949), while the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality was 1.313 (95% CI: 1.026-1.679). Subgroup analyses and external validation supported these findings. Cytological experiments suggested that low chloride levels may activate the phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce neuronal cell viability. CONCLUSION Low serum chloride levels are independently associated with increased mortality in patients with hepatic coma.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Intensive Care Units ; Prognosis ; Chlorides/blood* ; Aged ; Coma/blood* ; Adult

Objective:To investigate the association between cytokines and ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and identify specific biomarkers for ocular cGVHD to enhance clinical diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation.Methods:A mouse model of cGVHD was established to explore the correlation between cGVHD and serum cytokines. Based on the findings from the animal experiments and literature review, a panel of 16 cytokine combinations was identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare the cytokine concentrations in the serum and tear samples from patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from June 2017 to March 2022 at the Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University.Results:① Compared with the control group, mice with cGVHD exhibited elevated serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, CX3CL1, CXCL11, CXCL13, CCL11, and CCL19 concentrations (all P<0.05). ② Analysis of the cytokine profiles of the serum and tear samples revealed that compared with patients without ocular cGVHD, those with ocular cGVHD exhibited increased serum IL-8 [ P=0.032, area under the curve (AUC) =0.678]; decreased serum IL-10 ( P=0.030, AUC=0.701) ; elevated IL-8, IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CCL17 in tear samples; and lower IL-10 and CCL19 in tear samples (all P<0.05, all AUC>0.7). Moreover, cytokines in tear samples showed correlations with ocular surface parameters related to ocular cGVHD. Conclusions:Tear fluid demonstrates greater specificity and sensitivity as a biomarker for diagnosing ocular cGVHD than serum biomarkers. Among the identified cytokines in tear samples, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CCL17, and CCL19 serve as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular cGVHD post-transplantation, offering practical reference value for diagnosis.

Objective Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1/transcription factor NF-E2-associated factor 2/hemoglobin oxygenase 1(Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1),phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/rapamycin protein(PI3K/Akt/mTOR),stem cell growth factor/tyrosinase receptor(SCF/c-kit),liver kinase B1/adenylate-activated protein kinase(LKB1/AMPK)and other signaling pathways have irreplaceable roles in the development of oligospermia(OAS),and the study of targeting their related signals is a hotspot for the prevention and treatment of OAS.Therefore,taking many signaling pathways as breakthroughs.The review systematically summarized the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine extracts,proprietary Chinese medicines,Chinese medicine prescriptions and external Chinese medicine treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion that intervene in the relevant signaling pathways for the treatment of OAS,with a view to providing theoretical basis and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has anti-hepatoma activity.Methods Cell experiment:HepG2 cells were divided into blank group(0.9％NaCl)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(2,4,8 mg·mL-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).The 24,48,72 h cell proliferation activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.Animal experiments:BALB/C mice inoculated with H22 cells were divided into model group(0.9％NaCl),cisplatin group(2 mg·kg-1 cisplatin),lappaconitine hydrobromide group(4 mg·kg-1 lappaconitine hydrobromide)and high-dose group(8 mg·kg-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).BALB/C mice were selected as control group(0.9％NaCl).After 14 days of continuous administration,the tumor inhibition rate of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was detected.The indexes of inflammation,liver cancer and liver function related factors in serum of mice in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The apoptosis protein of tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The median inhibitory concentration(IC50)of trichloromethane in HepG2 cells for 24,48 and 72 h were 5.71,4.37 and 2.12 mg·mL-1,respectively.The expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in serum were 8.84±0.35,12.04±0.76,10.14±1.01,9.53±0.79 and 9.33±1.06 in control group,model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group,respectively.The tumor inhibition rates of cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 48.40％,50.71％and 52.58％,respectively.The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 101.09±7.15,65.92±6.11,67.12±7.88 and 62.60±10.75,respectively;the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bel-2 associated X protein(Bax)were 48.57±15.50,89.09±8.54,60.40±3.24 and 108.79±3.17,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in cisplatin group,hyperaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group had statistical significance(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has significant anti-liver cancer activity,inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells,induces apoptosis,and thus exerts anti-hepatocarcinoma activity.

Objective Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1/transcription factor NF-E2-associated factor 2/hemoglobin oxygenase 1(Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1),phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/rapamycin protein(PI3K/Akt/mTOR),stem cell growth factor/tyrosinase receptor(SCF/c-kit),liver kinase B1/adenylate-activated protein kinase(LKB1/AMPK)and other signaling pathways have irreplaceable roles in the development of oligospermia(OAS),and the study of targeting their related signals is a hotspot for the prevention and treatment of OAS.Therefore,taking many signaling pathways as breakthroughs.The review systematically summarized the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine extracts,proprietary Chinese medicines,Chinese medicine prescriptions and external Chinese medicine treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion that intervene in the relevant signaling pathways for the treatment of OAS,with a view to providing theoretical basis and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has anti-hepatoma activity.Methods Cell experiment:HepG2 cells were divided into blank group(0.9％NaCl)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(2,4,8 mg·mL-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).The 24,48,72 h cell proliferation activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.Animal experiments:BALB/C mice inoculated with H22 cells were divided into model group(0.9％NaCl),cisplatin group(2 mg·kg-1 cisplatin),lappaconitine hydrobromide group(4 mg·kg-1 lappaconitine hydrobromide)and high-dose group(8 mg·kg-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).BALB/C mice were selected as control group(0.9％NaCl).After 14 days of continuous administration,the tumor inhibition rate of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was detected.The indexes of inflammation,liver cancer and liver function related factors in serum of mice in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The apoptosis protein of tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The median inhibitory concentration(IC50)of trichloromethane in HepG2 cells for 24,48 and 72 h were 5.71,4.37 and 2.12 mg·mL-1,respectively.The expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in serum were 8.84±0.35,12.04±0.76,10.14±1.01,9.53±0.79 and 9.33±1.06 in control group,model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group,respectively.The tumor inhibition rates of cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 48.40％,50.71％and 52.58％,respectively.The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 101.09±7.15,65.92±6.11,67.12±7.88 and 62.60±10.75,respectively;the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bel-2 associated X protein(Bax)were 48.57±15.50,89.09±8.54,60.40±3.24 and 108.79±3.17,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in cisplatin group,hyperaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group had statistical significance(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has significant anti-liver cancer activity,inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells,induces apoptosis,and thus exerts anti-hepatocarcinoma activity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of one patient with primary adrenal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (PANKTCL), and to strengthen the understanding of this rare type of lymphoma. METHODS: The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process, and prognosis of the patient admitted in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Combined with pathology, imaging, bone marrow examination， etc, the patient was diagnosed with PANKTCL (CA stage, stage II; PINK-E score 3, high-risk group). Six cycles of "P-GemOx+VP-16" regimen（gemcitabine 1 g/m² d1 + oxaliplatin 100 mg/m² d 1 + etoposide 60 mg/m² d 2-4 + polyethylene glycol conjugated asparaginase 3 750 IU d 5） was performed, and complete response was assessed in 4 cycles. Maintenance therapy with sintilimab was administered after the completion of chemotherapy. Eight months after the complete response, the patient experienced disease recurrence and underwent a total of four courses of chemotherapy, during which hemophagocytic syndrome occurred. The patient died of disease progression 1 month later. CONCLUSION PANKTCL is rare, relapses easily, and has a worse prognosis. The choice of the "P-GemOx+VP-16" regimen combined with sintilimab help to improve the survival prognosis of patient with non-upper aerodigestive tract natural killer /T-cell lymphoma.
Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Etoposide ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy* ; Asparaginase ; Deoxycytidine ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy* ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/therapy* ; Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use*

Animals ; Monkeypox/drug therapy* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/therapeutic use* ; Macaca fascicularis