Objective:To explore the effects of Yishen Tonglong Granules (YSTLG) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a nude mouse model of androgen independent prostate cancer subcutaneous transplantation based on non classical Wnt signaling pathway.Methods:The tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established using the human prostate cancer bone metastatic cell line PC-3. After successful modeling, the mice were equally divided into six groups using the random number table method: model group, Western medicine group, Chinese materia medica low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups, and Chinese materia medica-Western medicine combination group. Corresponding drug interventions were administered to each group. Following 28 consecutive days of drug administration, the nude mice were euthanized. Tumor tissues were harvested for pathological observation via HE staining. Cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry; apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay; the expressions of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway-related proteins (Wnt5a, Rac1, RhoA, NFATc1) were analyzed through Western blot and immunohistochemical methods.Results:THE staining results demonstrated that YSTLG could effectively ameliorate pathological alterations in tumor tissues. Compared with the model group, the Chinese materia medica low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups, as well as the Chinese materia medica-Western medicine combination group, exhibited reduced proliferation indices ( P<0.01), elevated apoptosis indices ( P<0.01), down-regulated protein expressions of Wnt5a, Rac1, RhoA, and NFATc1 ( P<0.01), and decreased optical density values of Wnt5a, Rac1, RhoA, and NFATc1 ( P<0.01). These effects displayed a dosage-dependent trend. The Chinese materia medica-Western medicine combination group achieved the most pronounced therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions:YSTLG may exert inhibitory effects on the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and promote apoptosis, possibly through suppression of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, its combination with Wnt signaling inhibitors may exhibit synergistic therapeutic effects.

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly down-regulated metabolites in sera of RIPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 μg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13Cs]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

In recent years,the incidence and mortality of heatstroke have been increasing annually alongside global warming,with a marked rise in cases exhibiting atypical symptoms.To address the increasingly complex challenges in heatstroke prevention and treatment,Heatstroke Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Chinese PLA,Expert Group of Heatstroke Prevention and Treatment of Chinese PLA,and Chinese PLA Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine have jointly developed this guideline(2025 edition).Utilizing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system,Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation(AGREE)criteria,and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare(RIGHT)standards,and based on the 2015 draft"Expert Consensus on the Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of Heatstroke"and the 2019"Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heatstroke",this guideline has been crafted.This guideline provides 25 evidence-based recommendations to guide the prevention,treatment and research of heatstroke,which thoroughly covers 8 critical domains:clinical classification,pathophysiological mechanisms,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,differential diagnosis,treatment protocols,rehabilitation and return to work,and prevention.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between state anxiety and childhood subjective socioeco-nomic status(CSSES),and to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal.Methods:A total of 998 col-lege students completed a set of questionnaires consisting of state trait anxiety scale,childhood socioeconomic scale and emotion regulation strategy scale,to assess their state anxiety,childhood subjective socioeconomic status and the ability of cognitive reappraisal.SPSS macro program Process and Bootstrap method were used to examine the mod-erating role of cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between the CSSES and state anxiety.Results:The results showed that the scores of state anxiety were negatively correlated with the scores of childhood subjective socioeco-nomic status(r=-0.14,P＜0.01),and the scores of state anxiety were negatively correlated with the scores of cognitive reappraisal(r=-0.30,P＜0.01).Moreover,cognitive reappraisal played a moderating role in the rela-tionship between CSSES and state anxiety(β=0.06).Conclusion:These findings indicate state anxiety may be negatively associated with the childhood subjective socioeconomic status,and the cognitive reappraisal moderates the relationship between the state anxiety and the childhood subjective socioeconomic status.

Objective:To compare clinical effectiveness of the ulnar flap of dorsal cutaneous branch of proper palmar digital artery (PPDA) of little finger and the perforator flap of the 4th dorsal metacarpal artery (DMA) for reconstruction of small and medium-sized defects of ulnar palm.Methods:A retrospective case-control study method was employed in this study. From March 2017 to February 2024, a total of 42 patients of small and medium-sized defects of ulnar palm were treated in the Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Tangshan. Twenty-four defects were reconstructed by the ulnar flaps of dorsal cutaneous branch of PPDA (PPDA group) of little finger and the rest of 18 defects were reconstructed by the perforator flap of the 4th DMA (DMA group). Sizes of the defects and flaps in PPDA group were 1.5 cm×1.2 cm-5.2 cm×2.3 cm and 1.6 cm×1.3 cm-6.0 cm×2.5 cm, respectively. Dimensions of the defects and flaps in DMA group ranged from 1.7 cm×1.2 cm-5.0 cm×2.4 cm and 2.0 cm×1.5 cm-6.2 cm×2.7 cm, respectively. Donor sites in both groups were all directly closed. Survival of the flaps and wound healing of donor sites were observed between the 2 groups after surgery. And the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss and duration of follow-up of the 2 groups were recorded. Postoperative follow-up included outpatient clinic visits, telephone interviews and WeChat video-clips. Static two-point discrimination (TPD) of the flaps were measured, and appearance of flaps and donor sites were evaluated based on the Michigan Hand Function Questionnaire (MHQ) evaluation criteria and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), respectively. The measurement and count data acquired from both groups were compared by independent sample t-test and χ2 tests or Fisher's exact test, respectively. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:All 24 flaps in PPDA group and 14 flaps in DMA group survived primarily, except 4 flaps in DMA group that had blisters and healed by dressing changes. Primary survival rate of the flaps in PPDA group (100%) was higher than that of DMA group (78%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Donor site incisions in both groups all healed primarily. The surgery time, intraoperative blood loss and duration of follow-up in PPDA and DMA groups were 64.50 min±7.70 min, 87.08 ml±25.11 ml, 15.46 months±3.83 months, and 62.44 min±8.28 min, 91.67 ml±27.28 ml, 16.39 months±3.24 months, respectively, and of which there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). At the final follow-up, static TPD and MHQ scores for flap appearance in PPDA group were 13.71 mm±2.91 mm and 4.63±0.50, which were better than 15.78 mm±2.78 mm and 4.28±0.46 in DMA group with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). VSS scores of donor site appearance in PPDA and DMA groups were (3.38±0.97 and 3.89±1.02, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05), the donor sites in PPDA group were more concealed and easier accepted by patients. Conclusion:The ulnar flap of dorsal cutaneous branch of PPDA of little finger and the perforator flap of the 4th DMA are both suitable for reconstruction of small and medium-sized defects of ulnar palm. Compared with the perforator flap of the 4th DMA, the ulnar flap of dorsal cutaneous branch of PPDA of little finger has advantages in higher primary survival rate, better flap sensation and appearance with more concealed donor site.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological dynamics and spatiotemporal diffusion trend of brucellosis in China from 2010 to 2024.Methods:Data on reported human brucellosis cases in mainland China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024, were collected via the"China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention", including detailed information on the date of onset, gender, age, occupation, and residential address of the cases. The Joinpoint regression and spatial interpolation techniques were used to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics and population distribution characteristics of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions, as well as urban and rural areas, and explore the epidemic trends of the disease.Results:From 2010 to 2024, pastoral/semi-pastoral regions reported 252 094 brucellosis cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 36.57±7.28 per 100 000. In contrast, other regions cumulatively recorded 519 748 cases during the same period, demonstrating a significantly lower mean annual incidence rate of 2.54±0.74 per 100 000. The incidence rate of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral regions exhibited a declining-rebounding-declining trend. Specifically, the incidence rate decreased significantly from 2010 to 2017 (APC=-7.20; P<0.001) and increased notably from 2017 to 2021 (APC=18.00; P=0.015) with a decline again from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-7.53; P=0.027). In other regions, the incidence rate showed a fluctuating upward trend. Specifically, the incidence rate increased significantly from 2010 to 2015 (APC=20.37; P<0.001) and decreased notably from 2015 to 2018 (APC=-21.78; P<0.001), followed by an increase again from 2018 to 2024, a significant upward trend in incidence rate from 2018 to 2021 (APC=26.73; P<0.001) and a non-significant decline from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-0.99; P=0.735), resulting in the maintenance of a relatively high incidence level. Rural areas demonstrated significantly higher brucellosis incidence rates than urban settings (all P<0.001). Brucellosis exhibited a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions between 2010 and 2024. The age structure of patients in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas differed significantly from that in other regions. Specifically, in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas, the incidence rate was higher among the 35-49 age groups, while in other regions, the incidence rate was higher among those aged 55-64. Conclusion:There are notable disparities in the incidence of human brucellosis between pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions in China. Human brucellosis exhibits a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions.

AIM To investigate the effects of Congrong San on neuronal apoptosis and the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase3 signaling pathway in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease(AD).METHODS A total of 60 2-month-old SD male rats were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the memantine hydrochloride group(0.025 g/kg)and low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose Congrong San groups(4.62,9.24,18.48 g/kg).All groups except the control group received stereotactic intracerebral injection of Aβ1-42 to establish AD models.Following the successful modeling,each group received its corresponding intragastric administration once daily for 28 consecutive days.After the administration,the rats had their learning and memory ability detected by the morris water maze test;their hippocampal neuronal morphology observed with HE and Nissl staining;their hippocampal neuronal apoptosis observed with TUNEL staining;and their hippocampal expressions of amyloid precursor protein(APP),β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),and apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase3 detected with Western blot assay.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with medium-dose and high-dose Congrong San exhibited improved learning and memory performance,alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage,increased Nissl body count(P＜0.01),reduced hippocampal apoptosis rate(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased protein expressions of APP,BACE1,Bax and cleaved-Caspase3/Caspase3 ratio(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and elevated Bcl-2 expression(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Congrong San mitigates cognitive impairment,hippocampal neuronal damage,and apoptosis in AD rats,probably through inhibition of the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase3 signaling pathway activation.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic characteristics of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) in myeloid leukemia by in vitro culture of myeloid leukemia cells and construction of tumor-bearing nude mouse model. METHODS: U937, THP-1, HL60 and K562 cells were cultured in vitro. The cells in logarithmic growth phase (l×10 ⁵ cells/well) were added with ¹⁸F-FDG, and the uptake rate of ¹⁸F-FDG was measured at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after addation, respectively. The four kinds of cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the hind limbs of nude mice to establish a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. When the tumor size was about 500 mm³, ¹⁸F-FDG was injected through the tail vein of the mice, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed at 60 min after injection. The morphology of tumor-bearing cells was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining in serial pathological sections. RESULTS: After co-incubation with ¹⁸F-FDG, the ¹⁸F-FDG uptake rates of U937 cells were significantly higher than THP-1, HL60 and K562 cells at 4 time points (all P <0.05), and THP-1 cells were higher than K562 cells (all P <0.05). The uptake rate of ¹⁸F-FDG by leukemia cells was rapid in the first 60 min, then tended to be stable. Pathological analysis showed that subcutaneous inoculation of U937, THP-1, HL60 and K562 cells could successfully establish tumor-bearing nude mouse models of myeloid leukemia. The ¹⁸F-FDG uptake value in U937 tumor-bearing nude mice was significantly higher than THP-1, HL60 and K562 tumor-bearing nude mice (all P <0.01). The ¹⁸F-FDG uptake values in THP-1 and HL60 tumor-bearing nude mice were significantly higher than that in K562 tumor-bearing nude mice (both P <0.01). CONCLUSION The tumor-bearing nude mouse model of myeloid leukemia can be successfully constructed by subcutaneous inoculation. The ¹⁸F-FDG uptake rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is higher in cells cultured in vitro and tumor-bearing nude mouse model. ¹⁸F-FDG may have better clinical application value for AML.
Animals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/metabolism* ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnostic imaging* ; HL-60 Cells ; K562 Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; U937 Cells