A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 10 kinds of aphrodisiac drugs,including sildenafil,acetildenafil,nor-acetildenafil,homosildenafil,lodenafil carbonate,sildlenafil dimer impurity,vardenafil dimer,hydroxyacetildenafil,N-desmethylsildenafil and udenafil.By using different matrices(α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCCA)and sinapic acid(SA)),the effects of solvents,amount of matrices,laser intensity and spotting methods on the peak strength and signal intensity of MALDI-TOF MS for the aphrodisiac drugs were investigated.As a result,SA was chosen as the matrix,and then dispersed in methanol-water(50∶50,V/V),and spotted by matrix firstly and sample secondly approach with the reflect linear positive mode and laser power of 60%.Under optimal conditions,the proposed MALDI-TOF MS method could obtain stable signal,high intensity and well-repeated mass spectrometric results.The results of method validation showed a linear range from 10 to 100 ng/mL,and the regression coefficients(r)were all above 0.985.The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.1-1.0 ng/mL,and the recoveries were in the range of 72.9%-109.9%for health wine,soft capsule and instant coffee samples,while the relative standard deviations(RSDs)ranged from 0.7%to 11.3%(n=3).The test results of 10 kinds of aphrodisiac drugs by MALDI-TOF MS were in accordance with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.This method exhibited high sensitivity,high accuracy,good anti-interference ability,low chemical solvents consumption and environmentally friendliness,and could be used to detect drugs without standards.The developed MALDI-TOF MS method could realize the non-target screening and detection of 10 kinds of illegally added aphrodisiac drugs in foods.

Objective:To explore the effects of Qingre Qudu Decoction for fumigation combined with three-gap drainage on wound healing and serum inflammatory factors in patients with acute perianal abscess.Methods:Randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 117 patients with acute perianal abscess in the hospital were enrolled as the observation objects between August 2022 and May 2024. According to random number table method, they were divided into observation group (59 cases) and control group (58 cases). Both groups received three-gap drainage therapy. On basis of three-gap drainage, control group was given potassium permanganate, while observation group was given Qingre Qudu Decoction for fumigation. All patients were treated for 14 d. The growth of granulation tissue and wound secretions before and after treatment was evaluated. VAS scale was used to evaluate the degree of incision pain, and Wexner score was used to assess incontinence; ELISA was used to detect serum activator A (ACTA), immunoturbidimetry was used to detect serum CRP, and radioimmunoassay was used to detect serum IL-6 levels. The occurrence of complications and abscess recurrence during treatment was recorded, and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.61% (57/59), while that of the control group was 82.76% (48/58), with statistical significance ( χ2=6.10, P=0.014). After treatment, scores of granulation tissue growth and wound secretions in observation group, and scores of VAS and Wexner incontinence in observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=9.66, 5.00, 7.98, 3.65, P<0.001), and wound healing time was shorter than that in control group ( t=8.41, P<0.001). After treatment, levels of serum ACTA, CRP and IL-6 in observation group were lower than those in control group ( t=15.30, 2.08, 19.34, P<0.01 or P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 6.78% (4/59), while in the control group it was 27.59% (16/58), with statistical significance ( χ2=8.93, P=0.003). Conclusion:Qingre Qudu Decoction for fumigation combined with three-gap drainage can relieve postoperative incision pain, inhibit inflammatory response, accelerate the recovery of wound and promote the recovery of anal function and improve clinical efficacy.

The gut microbiota regulates intestinal nutrient absorption, participates in modulating host glucolipid metabolism, and contributes to ameliorating glucolipid metabolism disorder. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, induce inflammatory responses, and exacerbate insulin resistance and abnormal lipid metabolism in the host. Dangua Humai Oral Liquid, a hospital-developed formulation for regulating glucolipid metabolism, has been granted a national invention patent and demonstrates significant clinical efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dangua Humai Oral Liquid on gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier in a mouse model with glucolipid metabolism disorder. A glucolipid metabolism disorder model was established by feeding mice a high-glucose and high-fat diet. The mice were divided into a normal group, a model group, and a treatment group, with eight mice in each group. The treatment group received a daily gavage of Dangua Humai Oral Liquid(20 g·kg~(-1)), while the normal group and model group were given an equivalent volume of sterile water. After 15 weeks of intervention, glucolipid metabolism, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory responses were evaluated. Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were employed to analyze changes in gut microbiota and associated metabolic pathways. Significant differences were observed between the indicators of the normal group and the model group. Compared with the model group, the treatment group exhibited marked improvements in glucolipid metabolism disorder, alleviated pathological damage in the liver and small intestine tissue, elevated expression of recombinant claudin 1(CLDN1), occluding(OCLN), and zonula occludens 1(ZO-1) in the small intestine tissue, and reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors lipopolysaccharides(LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota decreased, while that of Firmicutes increased. Lipid-related metabolic pathways were significantly altered. In conclusion, based on the successful establishment of the mouse model of glucolipid metabolism disorder, this study confirmed that Dangua Humai Oral Liquid effectively modulates gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, reduces serum inflammatory factor levels, and regulates lipid-related metabolic pathways, thereby ameliorating glucolipid metabolism disorder.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Mice ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology* ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Glycolipids/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects* ; Administration, Oral ; Disease Models, Animal

Aim To study the difference in hepatotox-icity of psoralen on normal rats and Yin-deficiency rats from the perspective of lipid metabolism,so as to help explain the mechanism of psoralen cautiously used in patients with Yin deficiency recorded in ancient books.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the nor-mal control group(carboxymethyl cellulose-Na,CMC-Na),normal administration group(CMC-Na+psor-alen),Yin-deficiency control group(CMC-Na+thy-roxine)and Yin-deficiency administration group(CMC-Na+thyroxine+psoralen).The model of Yin-deficiency was established by thyroxine(1 mg·kg-1)for ten days,and then psoralen(200 mg·kg-1)was given for three days.The serum indexes related to liver injury were detected by automatic biochemical analy-zer,the morphological changes of liver tissue were ob-served using HE and oil red O staining,and the relative transcription levels of lipid metabolism related enzymes and mRNA of transporter and endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors were detected using Real-time PCR.Results After intragastric administration of psoralen for three days,compared with the normal group,the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),total bile acid(TBA)and triglyeride(TG)in Yin deficiency group increased more significantly,while TC,ALB and TP de-creased more significantly,and liver HE and oil red O staining showed more obvious lipid degeneration.TG synthesis factors adrenocortical carcinoma(ACC),fatty acid synthase(FASN)and sterolregulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1)were down-regulated more significantly,TG transport factors mili-total pro-tein(MTP)and lipoprotein pipase(LPL)were down-regulated more evidently,fatty acid β-oxidation related factors carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A),carnitine/organic cation transporter 2(OCTN2)and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-alpha(PPARα)were down-regulated more apparently,TC transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G8(ABCG8)and bile acid receptor farne-soid X receptor(FXR)were down-regulated more ob-viously,and endoplasmic reticulum stress factor activa-ting transcription factor 4(ATF4)was up-regulated more significantly.Conclusions Psoralen can cause more severe hepatotoxicity in Yin deficiency rats than that in normal administration group,and its mechanism may be related to the disorder of hepatic lipid metabo-lism,aggravation of hepatic cholestasis and steatosis,and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress re-sponse.

Aim To study the difference in hepatotox-icity of psoralen on normal rats and Yin-deficiency rats from the perspective of lipid metabolism,so as to help explain the mechanism of psoralen cautiously used in patients with Yin deficiency recorded in ancient books.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the nor-mal control group(carboxymethyl cellulose-Na,CMC-Na),normal administration group(CMC-Na+psor-alen),Yin-deficiency control group(CMC-Na+thy-roxine)and Yin-deficiency administration group(CMC-Na+thyroxine+psoralen).The model of Yin-deficiency was established by thyroxine(1 mg·kg-1)for ten days,and then psoralen(200 mg·kg-1)was given for three days.The serum indexes related to liver injury were detected by automatic biochemical analy-zer,the morphological changes of liver tissue were ob-served using HE and oil red O staining,and the relative transcription levels of lipid metabolism related enzymes and mRNA of transporter and endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors were detected using Real-time PCR.Results After intragastric administration of psoralen for three days,compared with the normal group,the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),total bile acid(TBA)and triglyeride(TG)in Yin deficiency group increased more significantly,while TC,ALB and TP de-creased more significantly,and liver HE and oil red O staining showed more obvious lipid degeneration.TG synthesis factors adrenocortical carcinoma(ACC),fatty acid synthase(FASN)and sterolregulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1)were down-regulated more significantly,TG transport factors mili-total pro-tein(MTP)and lipoprotein pipase(LPL)were down-regulated more evidently,fatty acid β-oxidation related factors carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A),carnitine/organic cation transporter 2(OCTN2)and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-alpha(PPARα)were down-regulated more apparently,TC transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G8(ABCG8)and bile acid receptor farne-soid X receptor(FXR)were down-regulated more ob-viously,and endoplasmic reticulum stress factor activa-ting transcription factor 4(ATF4)was up-regulated more significantly.Conclusions Psoralen can cause more severe hepatotoxicity in Yin deficiency rats than that in normal administration group,and its mechanism may be related to the disorder of hepatic lipid metabo-lism,aggravation of hepatic cholestasis and steatosis,and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress re-sponse.

Objective To rescue a strain of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)using reverse genetics system.Methods Molecular cloning experiments,including PCR,agarose gel electrophoresis and homologous recombination were employed to generate an infectious cDNA clone(pFK-CHIKV-LN)derived from the isolated Caribbean Chikungunya strain(Caribbean strain,isolate M100,Genbank LN898083.1).The mRNA obtained from vitro transcription were transfected into BHK-21 to rescue the CHIKV.The viral titer was determined by 50%tissue culture infection dose(TCID50),with calculations performed using the Reed-Muench method.Western blot(WB)and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were employed to assess the levels of viral protein and mRNA at various time points during infection.Results The full-length cDNA clone of CHIKV was successfully constructed,enabling the rescue of CHIKV progeny.RT-qPCR and WB confirmed the significant increasing expression levels of NS1 mRNA and proteins(NS3,E1)of BHK-21 during the infection process.Conclusion The full-length infectious clone of CHIKV has been constructed successfully,which provides a good tool for subsequent studies on the gene structure,protein function and pathogenic mechanism of CHIKV.

Objective To rescue a strain of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)using reverse genetics system.Methods Molecular cloning experiments,including PCR,agarose gel electrophoresis and homologous recombination were employed to generate an infectious cDNA clone(pFK-CHIKV-LN)derived from the isolated Caribbean Chikungunya strain(Caribbean strain,isolate M100,Genbank LN898083.1).The mRNA obtained from vitro transcription were transfected into BHK-21 to rescue the CHIKV.The viral titer was determined by 50%tissue culture infection dose(TCID50),with calculations performed using the Reed-Muench method.Western blot(WB)and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were employed to assess the levels of viral protein and mRNA at various time points during infection.Results The full-length cDNA clone of CHIKV was successfully constructed,enabling the rescue of CHIKV progeny.RT-qPCR and WB confirmed the significant increasing expression levels of NS1 mRNA and proteins(NS3,E1)of BHK-21 during the infection process.Conclusion The full-length infectious clone of CHIKV has been constructed successfully,which provides a good tool for subsequent studies on the gene structure,protein function and pathogenic mechanism of CHIKV.

From December 2022 to January 2023, 4 lung transplant recipients (3 males and 1 female, aged 52-60 years, all received transplantation less than 1 year) were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University due to COVID-19 after surgery. The clinical manifestations were mostly characterized by elevated body temperature accompanied by shortness of breath, and indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygenation index could reflect the severity of the condition. The therapy was timely adjusted to immunosuppressive drugs, upgraded oxygen therapy, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapy, prone ventilation, general treatment, and anticoagulant therapy, depending on the situation. Finally, 3 patients were cured and discharged from hospital, and 1 died.

In the past few decades, microbubbles were widely used as ultrasound contrast agents in the field of tumor imaging. With the development of research, ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction technology combined with drug-loaded microbubbles can achieve precise drug release and play a therapeutic role. As a micron-scale carrier, microbubbles are difficult to penetrate the endothelial cell space of tumors, and nano-scale drug delivery system—nanobubbles came into being. The structure of the two is similar, but the difference in size highlights the unique advantages of nanobubbles in drug delivery. Based on the classification principle of shell materials, this review summarized micro/nanobubbles used for ultrasound diagnosis or treatment and discussed the possible development directions, providing references for the subsequent development.

BackgroundPrevious studies have found that patients with generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） have impaired performance in executive function， and group cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） has been shown to be effective in alleviating negative affect in patients with GAD， while its efficacy on executive function remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of group CBT on anxiety symptom and executive function in GAD patients， so as to provide references for the rehabilitation program for GAD. MethodsA total of 80 consecutive patients with GAD who were hospitalized in Sleep and Psychosomatic Medical Center of Shiyan Taihe Hospital from March 2021 to August 2022 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria for GAD were enrolled， and they were assigned into study group （n=40） and control group （n=40） using random number table methods. All patients were subjected to routine medication treatment and regular health education， based on this， study group received group CBT once a week （6 weeks， 60 to 90 minutes per session）. At the enrollment and after 6 weeks of treatment， patients were assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Frontal Assessment Battery （FAB）. ResultsANOVA with repeated measures on HAMA score revealed a significant time effect （F=1 870.320， P<0.01）， no significant group effect and no significant time×group interaction effect （F=1.254， 0.293， P>0.05）. Significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect were reported on FAB scores （F=311.190， 4.399， 7.021， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Further analysis indicated that FAB scores of both groups after treatment were higher than those at baseline （t=200.569， 115.401， P<0.01）.And the FAB score of study group was higher than that of control group after treatment （t=-3.211， P<0.01）. ConclusionGroup CBT combined with medication treatment for GAD may alleviate the anxiety symptoms and improve executive function in GAD patients. ［Funded by Shiyan Science and Technology Bureau Pilot Scientific Research Project （number， 21Y21）］