OBJECTIVE: To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period (0-90 lag days) with semen quality. METHODS: A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014-2020 were recruited in this multicenter study. Two indices (i.e., hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration [HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters. RESULTS: The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0-90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility. Specifically, a 1 °C increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.0147, -0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094 (95% CI: -0.0160, -0.0029). HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021 (95% CI: -0.0040, -0.0003) and 0.0023 (95% CI: -0.0043, -0.0002), respectively. Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
Humans ; Male ; Semen Analysis ; Adult ; Sperm Motility ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects* ; China ; Middle Aged ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Young Adult

This article reports the clinical characteristics and treatment processes of three cases of mucormycosis occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children, along with a review of relevant literature. All three patients presented with chest pain as the initial symptom, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) confirmed the mucycete infection early in all cases. Two patients recovered after treatment, while one succumbed to disseminated infection. mNGS has facilitated early diagnosis and treatment, reducing mortality rates. Additionally, surgical intervention is an important strategy for improving the prognosis of this condition.
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Mucormycosis/etiology* ; Male ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Child ; Female ; Metagenomics ; Child, Preschool

Objective To evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets using hydroxyethyl starch(HES)130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as an extraction medium.Methods Firstly,40 Sprague Dawley(SD)rats including 20 male and 20 female ones were seleted and randomly enrolled into a sample group and a control group by sex,with 20 ones in each group.Secondly,instead of plasma HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection was used to leach disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets to prepare the test solution by simulating clinical application such as lighting,adsorption and filtration and storage.Finally,the test solution and HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection were injected into the tail vein of the SD rats at a dose of 20 mL/kg for 28 d in the sample group and in the control group respectively,and the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets and the feasibility of using HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to assess their subchronic systemic toxicity were evaluated with clinical observation,body mass monitoring,clinical pathology examination,gross necropsy and histopathology examination.Results The sample group and control group had no significant differences in mortality rates,clinical observation results,body mass,gross necropsy results,hematological and coagulation examination results and organ weight(all P>0.05);blood biochemical examinations showed the male rats in the sample group had the cholesterol(CHO)values higher while the creatinine(CR)values lower than those in the control group,with the differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05)and the two indexes within the range of the laboratory's historical reference data,and other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different(all P>0.05);the sample group had the spleen weight-to-body mass ratios of the female rates lower significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the ratios of other organ weight to body mass had significant differences(all P>0.05);histopathology examination showed slight pathological changes in liver,spleen and kidney of female rats and in spleen and kidney of male rats in the sample group,and the female and male rats in the control group had similar pathological changes found in the sample group,which might be caused by HES metabolites.Conclusion Disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets prove to have no significant subchronic systemic toxicity,and its feasible to use HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):29-35]

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

AIM:To investigate the effects of early high-fat diet(HFD)on cognitive function and hippocam-pal lipidomic profile in transgenic mice bearing five familial Alzheimer disease mutant genes(5×FAD).METHODS:Eight-week-old SPF grade female wild-type(WT)mice were used as the contorl group,and 5×FAD mice were randomly divided into model(5×FAD)group and 5×FAD+HFD group,with 10 mice in each group.The 5×FAD+HFD group was orally given high-fat chow and the remaining 2 groups were given control chow for 12 weeks,and the change in body weight of the mice were recorded.Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were performed to measure the learning memory ability of the mice.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer.Immunohistochemistry was per-formed to visualize amyloid β-protein(Aβ)plaques in brain tissues.Hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and Aβ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Non-tar-geted lipidomic technology was used to measure the changes of hippocampal lipids.RESULTS:Compared with WT group,the mice in 5×FAD group lost significantly less weight(P<0.01)and spent significantly less time exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Brain Aβ plaques were significant-ly increased(P<0.01).Hippocampal levels of Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the 5×FAD group,the mice in the 5×FAD+HFD group showed significant increase in body weight(P<0.01)and time spent exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.01).Biochmeical analysis showed serum TC,LDL-C,HDL-C levels and HDL/TC ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05).Brain Aβ plaques were significantly reduced(P<0.05)and hippocampal Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42 and IL-1β levels were sig-nificantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the WT group,27 lipids were increased and 9 lipids were decreased in the 5×FAD group,involving the pathways such as cholesterol metabolism,fat digestion and absorption,regulation of lipolysis processes in adipocytes,and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Eighteen lipids were increased and 47 lipids were de-creased in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared to the 5×FAD group.Cardiolipin and TG were important lipids for separating the lipid profiles of the WT and 5×FAD groups,and TG was an important lipid for separating the lipid profiles of the 5×FAD and 5×FAD+HFD groups.Differential lipid enrichment analysis showed significant increase in TG lipid in the 5×FAD group compared with the WT group and significant decrease in TG lipid in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared with the 5×FAD group.CONCLUSION:Early HFD ameliorates cognitive function in 5×FAD mice by modifying TG metabolic disorder and attenuating neuroinflammation.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets using hydroxyethyl starch(HES)130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as an extraction medium.Methods Firstly,40 Sprague Dawley(SD)rats including 20 male and 20 female ones were seleted and randomly enrolled into a sample group and a control group by sex,with 20 ones in each group.Secondly,instead of plasma HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection was used to leach disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets to prepare the test solution by simulating clinical application such as lighting,adsorption and filtration and storage.Finally,the test solution and HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection were injected into the tail vein of the SD rats at a dose of 20 mL/kg for 28 d in the sample group and in the control group respectively,and the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets and the feasibility of using HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to assess their subchronic systemic toxicity were evaluated with clinical observation,body mass monitoring,clinical pathology examination,gross necropsy and histopathology examination.Results The sample group and control group had no significant differences in mortality rates,clinical observation results,body mass,gross necropsy results,hematological and coagulation examination results and organ weight(all P>0.05);blood biochemical examinations showed the male rats in the sample group had the cholesterol(CHO)values higher while the creatinine(CR)values lower than those in the control group,with the differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05)and the two indexes within the range of the laboratory's historical reference data,and other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different(all P>0.05);the sample group had the spleen weight-to-body mass ratios of the female rates lower significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the ratios of other organ weight to body mass had significant differences(all P>0.05);histopathology examination showed slight pathological changes in liver,spleen and kidney of female rats and in spleen and kidney of male rats in the sample group,and the female and male rats in the control group had similar pathological changes found in the sample group,which might be caused by HES metabolites.Conclusion Disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets prove to have no significant subchronic systemic toxicity,and its feasible to use HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):29-35]

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

AIM:To investigate the effects of early high-fat diet(HFD)on cognitive function and hippocam-pal lipidomic profile in transgenic mice bearing five familial Alzheimer disease mutant genes(5×FAD).METHODS:Eight-week-old SPF grade female wild-type(WT)mice were used as the contorl group,and 5×FAD mice were randomly divided into model(5×FAD)group and 5×FAD+HFD group,with 10 mice in each group.The 5×FAD+HFD group was orally given high-fat chow and the remaining 2 groups were given control chow for 12 weeks,and the change in body weight of the mice were recorded.Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were performed to measure the learning memory ability of the mice.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer.Immunohistochemistry was per-formed to visualize amyloid β-protein(Aβ)plaques in brain tissues.Hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and Aβ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Non-tar-geted lipidomic technology was used to measure the changes of hippocampal lipids.RESULTS:Compared with WT group,the mice in 5×FAD group lost significantly less weight(P<0.01)and spent significantly less time exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Brain Aβ plaques were significant-ly increased(P<0.01).Hippocampal levels of Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the 5×FAD group,the mice in the 5×FAD+HFD group showed significant increase in body weight(P<0.01)and time spent exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.01).Biochmeical analysis showed serum TC,LDL-C,HDL-C levels and HDL/TC ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05).Brain Aβ plaques were significantly reduced(P<0.05)and hippocampal Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42 and IL-1β levels were sig-nificantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the WT group,27 lipids were increased and 9 lipids were decreased in the 5×FAD group,involving the pathways such as cholesterol metabolism,fat digestion and absorption,regulation of lipolysis processes in adipocytes,and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Eighteen lipids were increased and 47 lipids were de-creased in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared to the 5×FAD group.Cardiolipin and TG were important lipids for separating the lipid profiles of the WT and 5×FAD groups,and TG was an important lipid for separating the lipid profiles of the 5×FAD and 5×FAD+HFD groups.Differential lipid enrichment analysis showed significant increase in TG lipid in the 5×FAD group compared with the WT group and significant decrease in TG lipid in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared with the 5×FAD group.CONCLUSION:Early HFD ameliorates cognitive function in 5×FAD mice by modifying TG metabolic disorder and attenuating neuroinflammation.