Objective To analyze the time trend of HIV epidemic and to provide basis for comprehensive HIV infection prevention among pregnant women. Methods From 2014 to 2018, continuous cross-sectional surveys were conducted among pregnant women in two maternity and child health care hospitals. 800 blood samples were collected each year to test HIV infection, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Results A total of 4 000 eligible pregnant women completed the interview and blood testing. The awareness rate of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 91.2%, and the rate was increasing year by year. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the awareness rate was associated with at age of more than 35, with lower education than college and the husband used to work in other places. Conclusions The rate of HIV infection among PRGs was at a low level in Taizhou.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of internal and external elbow joint approach and olecranon osteotomy approach for the treatment of intercondylar fracture of humerus.

METHODSFrom October 2012 to May 2016, 18 cases of intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated by operation including 12 males and 6 females with a mean age of 33.5 years old (ranged from 4 to 56 years old); 8 cases were operated by internal and external elbow joint approach, 10 cases were operated by olecranon osteotomy approach. According to AO classification, 3 cases were type C1, 8 cases were type C2, 7 cases were type C3. All patients were excluded from neurologic and vascular injuries.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 26 months with an average of 15 months. The incision healed well and no heterotopic ossification was found. According to the modified Cassebaum elbow function score, the result was excellence in 14 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to the fracture type, the appropriate surgical approach and fixation were selected in order to get anatomic reduction. Rigid fixation, and early functional exercise is important condition for successful operation and satisfactory functional recovery in intercondylar fracture of the humerus.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic liver injury, which is closely associated with insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. Traditional Chinese herbs used in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are widely investigated in recent years. A series of recent studies show that the effects of the active components in traditional Chinese herbs on NAFLD are associated with activating AMPK signaling pathway, improving insulin resistance, modulating the activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and regulating intestinal flora. In this review, the potential therapeutic targets of the active components from traditional Chinese herbs for NAFLD would be summarized to provide a new thought for further research and clinical treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Shenbei Guchang capsules in treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions, an open, multicenter, controlled, phase Ⅳ clinical trial was conducted in the drug clinical trial centers of 16 domestic hospitals. 2 123 patients from June 10, 2011 to November 29, 2012 were enrolled in the trial. Drug clinical trial was approved by Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Ethics Committee before implementation. Before the start of trial, subjects were selected according to the research scheme and inclusion criteria, then they would step into the 14 d study after signing Informed Consent Form. All subjects were treated according to the research scheme, evaluated the conditions and filled in CFR sheet, to provide the evaluation data and information on safety and efficacy of Shenbei Guchang capsules. Shenbei Guchang capsules were used to treat diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome in widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and 2 029 cases of them entered FAS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 921 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.68%; 2 010 cases of them entered PPS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 906 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.83%. The primary symptoms of IBS were abdominal pain and diarrhea. After treatment, both abdominal pain and diarrhea were improved, with significant differences (P<0.000 1). There were significant differences in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores on both post-treatment day 7 and day 14 as compared with the conditions before treatment (P<0.000 1). 35 cases of adverse events occurred during the trial with an incidence of 1.65%, including 12 cases of drug-related adverse events (adverse reaction) with an incidence of 0.57%, mainly manifested as nausea, abdominal distension and dry mouth, most of which would be spontaneously relieved without any measures. No serious adverse events occurred. The commercially available Shenbei Guchang capsules are proved safe and effective for the treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and can be continued for clinical promotion and application.

BACKGROUNDWith the progress of perinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term outcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay in the mainland of China.

METHODSAll infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight (BW) < l000 g were included between January l, 2011 and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors.

RESULTSA total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age (GA) was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants (23.3%) died and another 69 infants (26.7%) died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas (53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019). BW < 750 g and GA < 28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONSOur study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.

China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Morbidity ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and adverse effects of clofarabine for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

METHODSTwenty-six pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with clofarabine. There were 22 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 9.5 years (ranging from 4 to 17 years). They received clofarabine 52 mg/m2 intravenously over 2 hours daily for 5 days. Thirteen patients received two cycles and one patient received three cycles.

RESULTSIn the first cycle of clofarabine, complete remission was obtained in 11 children (42%) and partial remission was obtained in 7 children (27%). Eight children (31%) were considered unresponsive. In the second cycle, 11 (85%) of the 13 children obtained complete remission, 1 (8%) partial remission and 1 (8%) was unresponsive. One child received three cycles and obtained complete remission in each cycle. The common adverse events were myelosuppression, infection, liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal adverse reactions. There were no chemotherapy-related deaths.

CONCLUSIONSClofarabine is effective in the treatment of children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its adverse effects can be tolerated. Clofarabine could be a promising new treatment for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Adenine Nucleotides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Arabinonucleosides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Recurrence

Acute Disease ; Humans ; May-Thurner Syndrome ; complications ; Thrombectomy ; methods ; Venous Thrombosis ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the effect of up-converting phosphor technology(UPT) in detection of plague antigen-antibody by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method,and to provide a scientific basis for field application of UPT rapid detection technology in plague prevention and control.Methods Two hundred and twenty four serum samples were collected from Marmots and ground squirrels in the plague foci,Yersinia pestis antibody was detected by UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and IHA,respectively; 108 organs and bone marrow samples were collected,and Yersinia pestis antigens were detected by UPT,ELISA,PCR and RIHA,respectively.IHA was used as the gold standard for antibody test results,RIHA,PCR + Colloidal-gold Strips,PCR + ELISA were used as the gold standard for antigen test results.The results were evaluated using ROC method.Results Antibodies detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA and Colloidal-gold Strips were greater than 0.5.The difference between UPT and other methods was not statistically significant (z =1.204,P ＞ 0.05).Antigen detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and PCR were greater than 0.5.There was no statistical difference between UPT and other methods(z =0.866,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions UPT as a new technology works well in the detection of plague antigen-antibody.The technology is simple,fast,accurate,and suitable for on-site monitoring of plague,emergency treatment of sudden plague,and suitable for promotion.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of hs-cTnT in diagnosis of AMI. Methods The detectable rates of hs-cTnT and con-cTnT from 147 AMI ( including 122 NSTEMI )patients on immediate admission were compared. The related biological markers including hs-cTnT, con-cTnT, CKMB mass and MYO were determined for all samples from 481 patients with chest pain on immediate admission and 4 h, 12 h ,20 h and 28 h after admission. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of all markers. The change rates of hs-cTnT within 4 hours from AMI group, non-AMI heart disease group, AMI related high risk disease group and control group were compared with serial detection. Results The detection rates of hs-cTnT for AMI and NSTEMI patients were 90. 3% and 91.0%, and both were significantly higher than the rates of con-cTnT, which were 61.9% and 60. 6% (x2 =23.08,18. 64,all P＜0. 01 ). Among different makers obtained from different collecting times,hs-cTnT had the highest detection rate. For admission cases, the area under curve of hs-cTnT, con-cTnT,CKMB mass and MYO were 0.935, 0.851, 0.827 and 0.769 respectively, and the differences have statistical significance(Z1 = 3. 13, Z2 = 4. 46, Z3 = 5.62, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Besides, there was a significant difference between the change rate of hs-cTnT of AMI and other groups (x2=166.09,P＜0. 01).Conclusions In comparison with con-cTnT, hs-cTnT could provide reliable results for earlier diagnosis of AMI, and could also reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of NSTEMI. Combining single test of hs-cTnT with serial tests was superior to using cut-off value alone in diagnosis. Moreover, it could be helpful to distinguish non-AMI patients from true AMI patients due to the improved detection sensitivity. Because of its good diagnostic performance, hs-cTnT test may limit the application value of some other "early markers".

A new HPLC-UV technique for the separation and analysis of 10 monosaccharides achieved within 13.5 min using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as the labelling molecule of the reductive monosaccharides has been established by combining common high performance liquid chromatography-UV and C18 column. The established technique was applied to the quantification of the monosaccharide components in extract of Silybum marianum. The results showed that the tested 10 monosaccharides as PMP derivatives were baseline separated under the HPLC conditions proposed. It was confirmed that Silybum marianum extract was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose with the molar ratio of 0.66:0.84:0.58:1.0:1.6:0.69:2.7:4.8. Quantitative recoveries of the compositional monosaccharides separated from the extract were in the range of 92.4%-104.0%, and the RSD values fell within 0.68%-3.81%. The results demonstrated that the proposed HPLC method was simple, rapid, convenient, and precise, and it was applicable to the analysis of the compositional monosaccharides of Silybum marianum extract.
Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Arabinose ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Galactose ; analysis ; Glucose ; analysis ; Glucuronic Acid ; analysis ; Hexuronic Acids ; analysis ; Mannose ; analysis ; Milk Thistle ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Rhamnose ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Xylose ; analysis