Aim To investigate the effect of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham on inflammatory pain mediated by mast cell P2X7 receptor.Methods Using the ATP-induced foot inflammatory pain,immunofluores-cence and toluidine blue staining techniques were used to investigate whether Senecio scandens has inhibitory effect on P2X7 receptor on mast cells.Using the calci-um ion imaging experimental technology,to explore whether Senecio scandens inhibit the intracellular cal-cium ion enrichment caused by activation of P2X7 re-ceptor on mouse peritoneal mast cell.The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to investigate whether senecio scandens could inhibit the inward current in-duced by activation of P2X7 receptor on mouse perito-neal mast cell.Results In vivo,Senecio scandens alle-viate ATP induced inflammatory pain(3.9 g·kg-1:P＜0.05),and significantly inhibited the infiltration of P2X7 receptor-positive mast cells(3.9 g·kg-1:P＜0.05).Knockout of mast cell can reduce the analgesic effect of Senecio scandens(3.9 g·kg-1:P=0.645).In vitro.The experiment results show that senecio scandens can significantly inhibit the calcium influx(300 mg·L-1:P＜0.05;1 g·L-1:P＜0.01;3 g·L-1:P＜0.01)and the inward current mediated by P2X7 receptor in mast cell(1 g·L-1:P＜0.01).Conclusion Senecio scandens alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting mast cell P2X7 receptor.

Objective:Through the comparative analysis of the payment program for the therapeutic value of Traditional Chinese Medicine dominant diseases in 8 provinces,we found the shortcomings of the existing program and put forward the perfect policy suggestions.Methods:Comparative analysis of the core content of the programs in various places,the selection of disease types,efficacy evaluation indexes,the application of the payment link and the protection mechanism.Results:The fragmentation of existing programs is an obvious problem,the specific content settings of each item are quite different,reflecting differences in the understanding of the core content of the program,the existence of inconsistent understanding of Chinese medicine's therapeutic value,the failure to link the payment standard to the results of the therapeutic value evaluation,and the lack of recognition of the value of Chinese medicine's technical labor,among other problems.Conclusions:We can select disease types based on the prominent advantages of Traditional Chinese medicine,learn from the evaluation framework of western medicine value-based medical care,construct the evaluation system of Chinese medicine therapeutic value,and carry out"equal price"payment based on the"same effect"of health results,set performance indicators and payment standards in stages,realize the whole process management of disease,and enhance the Traditional Chinese Medicine's therapeutic value,and promote the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance and innovation.

Aim To investigate the effect of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham on inflammatory pain mediated by mast cell P2X7 receptor.Methods Using the ATP-induced foot inflammatory pain,immunofluores-cence and toluidine blue staining techniques were used to investigate whether Senecio scandens has inhibitory effect on P2X7 receptor on mast cells.Using the calci-um ion imaging experimental technology,to explore whether Senecio scandens inhibit the intracellular cal-cium ion enrichment caused by activation of P2X7 re-ceptor on mouse peritoneal mast cell.The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to investigate whether senecio scandens could inhibit the inward current in-duced by activation of P2X7 receptor on mouse perito-neal mast cell.Results In vivo,Senecio scandens alle-viate ATP induced inflammatory pain(3.9 g·kg-1:P＜0.05),and significantly inhibited the infiltration of P2X7 receptor-positive mast cells(3.9 g·kg-1:P＜0.05).Knockout of mast cell can reduce the analgesic effect of Senecio scandens(3.9 g·kg-1:P=0.645).In vitro.The experiment results show that senecio scandens can significantly inhibit the calcium influx(300 mg·L-1:P＜0.05;1 g·L-1:P＜0.01;3 g·L-1:P＜0.01)and the inward current mediated by P2X7 receptor in mast cell(1 g·L-1:P＜0.01).Conclusion Senecio scandens alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting mast cell P2X7 receptor.

Objective:Through the comparative analysis of the payment program for the therapeutic value of Traditional Chinese Medicine dominant diseases in 8 provinces,we found the shortcomings of the existing program and put forward the perfect policy suggestions.Methods:Comparative analysis of the core content of the programs in various places,the selection of disease types,efficacy evaluation indexes,the application of the payment link and the protection mechanism.Results:The fragmentation of existing programs is an obvious problem,the specific content settings of each item are quite different,reflecting differences in the understanding of the core content of the program,the existence of inconsistent understanding of Chinese medicine's therapeutic value,the failure to link the payment standard to the results of the therapeutic value evaluation,and the lack of recognition of the value of Chinese medicine's technical labor,among other problems.Conclusions:We can select disease types based on the prominent advantages of Traditional Chinese medicine,learn from the evaluation framework of western medicine value-based medical care,construct the evaluation system of Chinese medicine therapeutic value,and carry out"equal price"payment based on the"same effect"of health results,set performance indicators and payment standards in stages,realize the whole process management of disease,and enhance the Traditional Chinese Medicine's therapeutic value,and promote the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance and innovation.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)comprised of 692 amino acids is the ninth mem-ber of protease family.It binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),leading to elevated levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),which can lead to a number of cardiovascular diseases,and among then the re-lationship with cardiovascular calcification has recently received attention.Cardiovascular calcification is a kind of ectopic mineralisation in the cardiovascular system,which is mainly characterised by the production of mineral deposits in the vas-cular wall and vascular valves,and its pathogenesis is related to lipoprotein content,platelet activity,matrix vesicle(MV)release and inflammation,through which PCSK9 may be involved in the occurrence of cardiovascular calcification.Therefore,this article reviews the relationship between PCSK9 and cardiovascular calcification,emphasizing the specific role of PCSK9 in affecting cardiovascular calcification through various pathways,assisting in setting up emerging applica-tions of PCSK9 amid vessel biological science and recognize innovative molecular mechanisms for its treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF)in the treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA).Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with CSA from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 25 males and 17 females,aged from 30 to 74 years old with an average of(53.9±11.0)years old.There were 18 cases with single-segment lesions,17 cases with two-segment lesions,and 7 cases with three-segment lesions.The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Hearing and Balance Committee score(CHE),the Neck Disability Index(NDI)and the cervical curvature Cobb angle were recorded before surgery and after surgery at 6 months.Results All 42 ACDF patients were followed up for 6 to 30 months with an average of(14.0±5.2)months.The operative time ranged from 95 to 220 min with an average of(160.38±36.77)min,the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 85 ml with an average of(53.60±18.98)ml.Tow patients had mild postoperative dysphagia,which improved with symptomatic treatment such as nebulized inhalation.CHE score decreased from(4.05±0.96)preoperatively to(2.40±0.70)at 6 months postoperatively(t=12.97,P＜0.05).The number of improved vertigo at 6 months postoperatively was 38,with an im-provement rate of 90.5％.NDI score was reduced from(34.43±8.04)preoperatively to(20.76±3.91)at 6 months postopera-tively(t=1 1.83,P＜0.05).The cervical curvature Cobb angle improved from(8.04±6.70)° preoperatively to(12.42±5.23)° at 6 months postoperatively(t=-15.96,P＜0.05).Conclusion The ACDF procedure has outstanding clinical efficacy in treating CSA.The operation can rapidly relieve patients'episodic vertigo symptoms by relieving bony compression and reconstructing cervical curvature.However,it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications for surgery and clarify the causes of vertigo in pa-tients,and ACDF surgery is recommended for CSA patients for whom conservative treatment is ineffective.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men, with lower urinary tract symptoms as the main manifestation, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. The pathogenesis of BPH is not yet fully understood, and there are still some challenges and limitations in western medicine treatment for BPH. Therefore, finding new and more effective treatment strategies is urgent. In recent years, many basic and clinical studies have confirmed the important role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of BPH. This article reviews the progress of basic and clinical research in the treatment of BPH with traditional Chinese medicine, and believes that basic research mainly focuses on the active ingredients of Chinese medicine [regulating pathways such as NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE), nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)/forkhead box O subtype(FOXO3a), etc.], single Chinese herbs(regulating inflammatory factors, oxidative stress-related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and apoptotic factors, etc.), and Chinese herbal compounds and patent medicines [regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), PI3K/Akt, Nrf2, trefoil factor 2(TFF2)/Wnt, interleukin-6(IL-6)/Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/STAT3, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR), etc.], and then play a therapeutic role by inhibiting BPH cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Clinical studies mainly focus on internal treatment, external treatment, combined internal and external treatment, and integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment as the main methods, aiming to improve traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, prostate symptom scores, residual urine volume, effective bladder volume, sexual quality of life, increase average urine flow rate, maximum urine flow rate, and promote balance of sex hormone secretion. Through this research, it is hoped to provide some reference ideas for clinical research and drug development for BPH.
Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism* ; Male ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of ethyl acetate fraction of Ipomoea muricatum （IM-EA） in the prevention and treatment of alcoholic gastric ulcer （GU） and explore its mechanism of action based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodForty SD rats were randomly divided into a control group， a model group， a ranitidine group （2.7 mg·kg^-1）， and low- and high-dose IM-EA groups （30，60 mg·kg^-1） after adaptive feeding for 7 days. The GU model was replicated by hydrochloric acid in absolute ethanol （150 mmol·L^-1） in rats after prophylactic administration for one week. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining were used to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of IM-EA in the prevention and treatment of GU. Lead compounds of IM-EA were screened out by ADMET， and the SwissTarget platform was used to identify the potential targets for these compounds. GU-related targets were collected through DisGeNET， OMIM， and GeneCards databases， which were mapped to potential IM-EA targets to obtain the potential targets of IM-EA against GU. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network to screen the hub targets， and the DAVID platform was used to annotate the biological functions of common targets to explore the underlying mechanism of IM-EA against GU. Autodock Vina software was used for the preliminary verification of the computer simulation. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-6 and the content of prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The relative expression levels of core proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， such as Jun oncoprotein， extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）， and p38， in the gastric tissues were detected by Western blot. ResultAs revealed by the results of animal experiments， compared with the control group， the model group showed significantly damaged gastric tissues and reduced secretion of gastric mucus. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed reduced ulcer areas in the gastric tissues （P<0.01） and improved gastric histopathological status and gastric mucus secretion， suggesting that IM-EA was effective in the prevention and treatment of GU. Sixteen lead compounds of IM-EA were screened out by ADMET， and 257 potential targets of IM-EA against GU were obtained. The hub nodes in the PPI network included targets of TNF-α， protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， tumor protein 53 （TP53）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and ERK. Biological functional annotation and molecular docking results suggested that the MAPK signaling pathway potentially played a key role in the prevention and treatment of GU by IM-EA， which was synergistic with the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway， phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway， and nuclear factor （NF）-κB signaling pathway in anti-inflammation， anti-oxidation， and damage repair. The pharmacological experiment results showed that compared with the control group， the model group showed increased serum IL-6 content （P<0.01）， an increasing trend of TNF-α content， increased MMP-9 content in the gastric tissues （P<0.01）， and decreased SOD content （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the IM-EA groups showed decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the serum and PGE₂ and MMP-9 levels in the gastric tissues （P<0.01）， and increased SOD content in the gastric tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the model group showed up-regulated expression of p-p38， p-Jun， and p-ERK in the gastric tissues （P<0.01） and up-regulated p38 and Jun （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the IM-EA groups showed down-regulated p-p38， p-Jun， p-ERK， and p38 in the gastric tissues （P<0.01） and up-regulated relative expression of Jun and ERK （P<0.05）. ConclusionIM-EA has a remarkable effect in the prevention and treatment of alcoholic gastric injury， which may be achieved through the mechanisms of anti-inflammation， anti-oxidation， and wound repair mediated by the MAPK signaling pathway.

Humans ; Pyriform Sinus/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Fistula/surgery* ; Diagnostic Errors ; Pharyngeal Diseases/surgery*

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has updated and released the latest content of NCCN guidelines version 1. 2023 thymomas and thymic carcinomas (known as "guidelines"). The guideline sets standards for the diagnosis and treatment of thymoma and thymic carcinoma based on high quality clinical evidence and the latest advances in research. There have been some updates and revisions in the latest two versions of the guidelines, mainly focusing on the principles of radiotherapy, the principles of systematic therapy, multidisciplinary participation and the improvement of some footnotes, compared with the first version of the guidelines in 2022. In this paper, the contents of the new guideline will be interpreted in order to provide reference for the work of thymoma and thymic carcinoma in our country at the present stage.