Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. With a rising incidence， UC has aroused an increasingly serious public health concern. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC are complex， involving genetic susceptibility， intestinal barrier dysfunction， immune dysregulation， and environmental factors such as diet， smoking， and infection. Current UC therapies face limitations including persistent drug resistance， multiple side effects， and compromised immune function， necessitating the exploration of novel intervention strategies. In recent years， with the continuous advancement of research into UC mechanisms， the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway has been revealved as one of the classical pathways involved in inflammation. Being crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis， this pathway regulates inflammatory and immune responses by controlling gene transcription， thereby playing a significant role in the occurrence and progression of UC. However， systematic summarization within this field remains lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses unique advantages through its multi-target， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism approaches， being capable of curbing the pathological progression of UC by targeting key molecules in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which TLR4/NF-κB-related pathways regulate UC， primarily encompassing inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， immune balance， and gut microbiota. It reviews single herbs （e.g.， Rosa roxburghii root and Saposhnikoviae Radix）， active components （e.g.， resveratrol， Tripterygium glycosides， and gypenosides）， herbal extracts （e.g.， Zingiberis Rhizoma extract and Taraxaci Herba extract）， and compound formulas for clearing heat and removing dampness， invigorating the spleen and warming the kidneys， clearing heat and detoxifying， harmonizing the liver and spleen， and treating cold and heat in complexity （e.g.， Huaihua Powder， Shenling Baizhu Powder， and Jiedu Huayu Formula）. The aim is to fully leverage the advantages of TCM in UC treatment and provide novel insights for clinical and pharmacological research on UC.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. With a rising incidence， UC has aroused an increasingly serious public health concern. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC are complex， involving genetic susceptibility， intestinal barrier dysfunction， immune dysregulation， and environmental factors such as diet， smoking， and infection. Current UC therapies face limitations including persistent drug resistance， multiple side effects， and compromised immune function， necessitating the exploration of novel intervention strategies. In recent years， with the continuous advancement of research into UC mechanisms， the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway has been revealved as one of the classical pathways involved in inflammation. Being crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis， this pathway regulates inflammatory and immune responses by controlling gene transcription， thereby playing a significant role in the occurrence and progression of UC. However， systematic summarization within this field remains lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses unique advantages through its multi-target， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism approaches， being capable of curbing the pathological progression of UC by targeting key molecules in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which TLR4/NF-κB-related pathways regulate UC， primarily encompassing inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， immune balance， and gut microbiota. It reviews single herbs （e.g.， Rosa roxburghii root and Saposhnikoviae Radix）， active components （e.g.， resveratrol， Tripterygium glycosides， and gypenosides）， herbal extracts （e.g.， Zingiberis Rhizoma extract and Taraxaci Herba extract）， and compound formulas for clearing heat and removing dampness， invigorating the spleen and warming the kidneys， clearing heat and detoxifying， harmonizing the liver and spleen， and treating cold and heat in complexity （e.g.， Huaihua Powder， Shenling Baizhu Powder， and Jiedu Huayu Formula）. The aim is to fully leverage the advantages of TCM in UC treatment and provide novel insights for clinical and pharmacological research on UC.

Objective We reviewed and analyzed the epidemiological data of 83 imported dengue fever cases reported in Fengtai District, Beijing, from 2007 to 2025, to delineate their epidemiological characteristics and guide the dengue fever prevention and control strategy in the future. Methods Data on dengue fever cases in Fengtai District from 2007 to 2025 were collected to identify the epidemic factors and characteristics using descriptive epidemiological method. Results All 83 dengue fever cases reported in this region over the past two decades have been imported from abroad or other domestic areas, with Southeast Asian countries being identified as the primary source of imported infections, accounting for 42 cases (50.60%), followed by 15 cases (18.07%) from Chinese provinces other than Beijing. The remaining import sources included 13 cases from South Asia,8 from African countries, and each from Oceania, South America, and Europe. Disease onset was found concentrated between May and November. The sex ratio (male-to-female) is 1.59:1. The age of onset ranged from 14 to 61 years old, with a median age of 36. The largest proportion of cases was observed among cadres and office workers (31 cases, 37.35%), followed by businessmen (13 cases, 15.67%), and householders or the unemployed (10 cases,12.05%). Travel visit was identified as the primary reason for their exposure history. Conclusions All dengue fever cases reported in Fengtai from 2007 to 2025 were imported, with an increasing trend of imported cases in Beijing originating from other Chinese provinces. It is essential to strengthen health education for foreign travelers and returning residents, enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment training for medical personnel, eliminate mosquito breeding sites, and reduce mosquito density through active patriotic health campaigns.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of arthroscopic figure-of-eight transtibial tension-reducing technique combined with interference screw fixation versus interface screw fixation alone in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 43 patients with ACL rupture admitted to Taihe Hospital between January 2022 and October 2023, including 24 males and 19 females, aged 17-61 years [(38.0±12.6)years]. Based on the tibial fixation method, 20 patients were treated with interference screw fixation alone (interference screw group) and 23 patients with figure-of-eight transtibial tension-reduction technique combined with interference screw fixation (figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group). An Endobutton suspension plate was used in femoral fixation in both groups. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: operative duration and graft diameter; coronal and sagittal tibial tunnel measurements by MRI within 72 hours postoperatively and at the last follow-up; knee range of motion, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and Lysholm scores preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively, and at the last follow-up; perioperative complication rates.Results:All the patients were followed up for 11-28 months [(14.1±3.4)months]. There were no significant differences in operative duration or graft diameter between the two groups ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in coronal or sagittal tibial tunnel measurements between the two groups within 72 hours postoperatively ( P>0.05). Whereas at the last follow-up, the coronal and sagittal tibial tunnel measurements in the figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group were (11.6±0.7)mm and (11.7±1.1)mm, significantly lower than (13.5±0.6)mm and (13.4±1.9)mm in the interference screw group ( P<0.01). Preoperative knee range of motion, IKDC scores, Lysholm scores, and VAS scores showed no significant differences between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up, the figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group demonstrated significantly greater knee range of motion [100.0(95.0, 100.0)° and 130.0(120.0, 135.0)°], compared with 72.5(60.0, 95.0)° and 120.0(105.0, 133.3)° in the interference screw group ( P<0.05). VAS scores at 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up were 2.0(2.0, 2.0)]points and 1.0(1.0, 1.0)points in the figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group, significantly lower than 3.0(2.3, 4.0)points and 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in the interference screw group ( P<0.05). IKDC scores at 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (58.8±5.7)points and (72.4±6.7)points in the figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group, significantly higher than (51.1±5.2)points and (67.4±7.9)points in the interference screw group ( P<0.05). Lysholm scores at 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (58.9±12.7)points and (89.1±6.0)points in the figure-of-eight tension-reduction combined with interference screw group, significantly higher than (41.2±15.0)points and (78.3±12.3)points in the interference screw group ( P<0.05). No perioperative complications were observed in either group. Conclusion:Compared with interface screw fixation alone, arthroscopic figure-of-eight transtibial tension-reduction technique combined with interference screw fixation for ACL rupture can enhance graft stability, restore knee joint range of motion, alleviate pain, and improve knee function recovery.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on vascular endothelial injury in hypertension and its molecular mechanism.[Methods]C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into saline group(Saline)and hypertension group(Ang Ⅱ,which were infused with Ang Ⅱ via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps),and supplemented daily with nicotinamide mononucleotide(300 mg/kg),a precursor of NAD+.Blood pressure,endothelial relaxation function and pulse wave velocity were measured after 4 weeks.Wound healing assay and adhesion assay were used to evaluate the function of endothelial cells in vitro.mtROS levels were detected by immunofluorescence staining.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of mtDNA,SIRT3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2).8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The protein expression levels of p-eNOS,eNOS,SIRT3 and IDH2 were detected by Western blot.[Results]NMN supplementation reduced blood pressure(P<0.001)and improved endothelial function and arterial stiffness(P<0.001)in hypertensive mice.In vitro,NMN improved endothelial function in Ang Ⅱ-stimulated endothelial cells(P<0.05)and attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress levels(P<0.001).Mechanistically,NMN elevated SIRT3 activity(P<0.001),which subsequently enhanced IDH activity(P<0.001)and reduced oxidative stress levels in endothelial cells.Conversely,knockdown of IDH2 would reverse the effect of SIRT3 in improving endothelial function(P<0.001).[Conclusion]NAD+lowers blood pressure and enhances vascular function in hypertension by reducing the level of oxidative stress in endothelial cells through activation of the SIRT3/IDH2 signal pathway.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of activity of daily living between social support and cognitive function of rural elderly.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August 2019 among 1 626 rural elderly people selected by multi-stage cluster random method in Guiyang City and Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.The contents include general situation, social support rate scale (SSRS), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among social support, activity of daily living and cognitive function in the elderly by SPSS 23.0 software. AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct structural equation models, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of activity of daily living.Results:The scores of cognitive function, social support and activity of daily living of the rural elderly were (20.83±5.47), (34.96±6.42) and (16.51±3.29), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive function scores among rural elderly with different levels of social support and activity of daily living( F=33.418, t=25.533, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that the social support score was positively correlated with the cognitive function score ( r=0.161, P<0.01), and the activity of daily living score was negatively correlated with scores of social support and cognitive function ( r=-0.083, -0.453, both P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, objective support dimensions, activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living were influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly( P<0.001).The results of structural equation model showed that the activity of daily living played a partial mediating role between social support and cognitive function in rural elderly, with the mediating effect of 0.046 (95% CI=0.025-0.075), accounting for 13.18% of total effect (effect value=0.349, 95% CI=0.277-0.415). Conclusion:The activity of daily living of rural elderly plays a partial mediating effect between social support and cognitive functioning.

Albendazole-glucan particles(ABZ-GPS)and abendazole(ABZ)were used to treat secondary alveolar echinococ-cosis in mice.The therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS on alveolar echinococcosis in vivo were evaluated,and the feasibility of using glucan particles as anti-hydatid drug carriers was further verified.Mice with echinococcosis were randomly divided into an ABZ group,glucan nanoparticle(GP)group,ABZ-GPS group,and control group.After four courses of administration with a final concentration of 50 mg/mL,the therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS were evaluated on the basis of imaging,histopathological changes,ultrastructure,and immunology.After ABZ-GPS and ABZ administration,clear liver lesion tissue necrosis and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes were observed.Significant differences in the average cyst wet weight(t=7.83,P＜0.05),were observed between the ABZ-GPS group and ABZ group.Imaging revealed that ABZ-GPs were targeted to liver tissue.Pa-thology and ultrastructure analyses demonstrated that the alveolar hydatid cells in the liver in the control group and GP group grew well,and the vesicles were large,filled with cystic fluid,and translucent or transparent;the cyst wall tension was high;no calcification was observed;the stratum corneum and germinal layer were clear;and more fertile capsules and different num-bers of protocephalospora were present in the liver.In the ABZ group,the capsular cavity collapsed,and showed partial necro-sis and lymphocyte infiltration.In the ABZ-GP group,the corneum and germinal layer of echinococcus vesicles were difficult to identify,and we observed bulbous necrosis,central calcification,fibrous tissue hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,coarser,shorter or absent microvilli of the germinal layer,nuclear shrinkage,dissolution or disappearance,clear expansion of cytoplasmic microtubules,and myelin-like or vacuole-like changes.Therefore,ABZ-GPs showed good targeting and killing ac-tivity in vivo in mice with secondary alveolar coccosis.

Exosomal circular RNA(circRNAs)are pivotal in cancer biology,and tumor pathophysiology.These stable,non-coding RNAs encapsulated in exosomes participated in cancer progression,tumor growth,metas-tasis,drug sensitivity and the tumor microenvironment(TME).Their presence in bodily fluids positions them as potential non-invasive biomarkers,revealing the molecular dynamics of cancers.Research in exosomal circRNAs is reshaping our understanding of neoplastic intercellular communication.Exploiting the natural properties of exosomes for targeted drug delivery and disrupting circRNA-mediated pro-tumorigenic signaling can develop new treatment modalities.Therefore,ongoing exploration of exoso-mal circRNAs in cancer research is poised to revolutionize clinical management of cancer.This emerging field offers hope for significant breakthroughs in cancer care.This review underscores the critical role of exosomal circRNAs in cancer biology and drug resistance,highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could transform the clinical management of cancer.

Aim To clarify the mechanism by which Qishen Yixin Granules improved microcirculation vas-cular endothelial dysfunction(VED)in mice,through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to regulate oxidative stress.Methods C57 mice were randomly divided into six groups:blank group,model group,pos-itive drug group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose groups of Qishen Yixin Granules.The VED model was established by long-term infusion of Ang Ⅱ combined with a high-fat diet.Each treatment group received the corresponding drug intervention.After four weeks of drug intervention,cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography.Carstairs staining was used to ob-serve the formation of microthrombi in myocardial tis-sue.The micro vascular ischemia was evaluated by Hei-denhain staining.The ultrastructure of endothelial cells was observed by electron microscopy.The levels of EMPs,ROS,NO,ET-1,TF,TM,VWF,and TXA2 in serum were measured by ELISA.The expression levels of MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px in mouse heart tissue were determined by chemical methods.Cardiac microvascu-lar density and the expression of Nrf2,Keap1,and HO-1 proteins were detected by Immunohistochemical stai-ning.The protein expressions of Keap1,cytoplasmic Nrf2,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Qishen Yixin Granules could effectively improve the cardiac function of mice,alleviate the damage of endothelial cells and endothelial function.They could up-regulate serum NO levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px,while down-regulating the expression of ROS and vascular inflammatory injury factors such as ET-1,VWF,TXA2,TF,TM,and EMPs.Qishen Yixin Granules also increased the positive counts of CD34,Nrf2,and HO-1,as well as microvessel density.Fur-thermore,they inhibited the expression of MDA,Keap1,and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein in myocardial tis-sue,while increasing the expression of nuclear proteins HO-1 and Nrf2.Conclusions Qishen Yixin Granules may inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,thereby improving vascular endothelial damage and cardiac function in VED mice.

Kv1.3,a voltage-gated potassium channel,is highly expressed in T lymphocytes,the nervous system,and vascular smooth muscle cells.It plays a critical role in membrane excitability and electrical signal transduction,serving as an important target for studying T-cell function and providing a promising direction for developing therapeutics against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Therefore,the de-velopment of specific inhibitors of Kv1.3 channel has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for these disorders.In this study,we isolated and purified a novel Kv1.3-inhibitory peptide toxin,LmKTx13,from the venom of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography(RP-HPLC).LmKTx13 consists of 38 amino acid residues,including six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that LmKTx13 potently inhibited Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 7.92±3.0 nmol/L.Selectivity analysis showed that 2 μmol/L LmKTx13 also in-hibited Kv1.2 and Kv1.7,but exhibited no significant effects on other potassium channel subtypes or voltage-gated sodium channels.Further investigation into the mechanism demonstrated that LmKTx13 acts as a pore-blocking inhibitor of Kv1.3.By analyzing the effects of LmKTx13 on Kv1.3 channel gating ki-netics and performing sequence alignment of the pore regions of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5,we constructed site-directed mutants and identified the pore region of Kv1.3 as the critical binding site for LmKTx13.Key residues involved in the interaction included T425,G427,and H451.In summary,we discovered a no-vel pore-blocking Kv1.3 inhibitor,LmKTx13,from L.mucronatus venom,which exhibits high affinity and selectivity for Kv1.3.These findings highlight its potential as a potential lead molecule for developing Kv1.3-targeted therapeutics.