Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis. They have a complex and active metabolic system, particularly regarding lipid metabolism. The active and intricate lipid metabolism within platelets plays a central role in platelet activation, signal transduction, and functional regulation, making it crucial for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases. The platelet membrane structure is highly complex and it contains various lipids, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesteryl esters, and triglycerides, etc. Current research has elucidated multiple metabolic pathways in platelets, such as phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, which profoundly influence platelet aggregation, release, and inflammatory responses. Upon activation, platelets release various lipids that interact with inflammatory cells in a paracrine manner. This review systematically describes the key lipid metabolism in platelets and its dynamic functional regulation. Lipid metabolism regulates processes such as platelet production, aging, and activation. This review emphasizes the interaction between lipid droplets and mitochondria, which is closely related to platelet activation. For instance, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles can transfer dysfunctional mitochondria from platelets to hepatocytes, leading to the dysfunction of lipid droplet-bound mitochondria and abnormal lipid droplet metabolism, thereby affecting hepatic lipid metabolism. The review summarizes interactions between platelet lipid metabolism and other cells, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes. However, there are few studies on the interactions between platelets and cells through lipid metabolism, and the direct evidence is scarce. Further research is recommended in the future. It further explores the relationships between platelet lipid metabolism and the reproductive system, musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and the gut microbiota. Additionally, it reviews the close associations between platelet lipid metabolism and diseases such as diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, immune thrombocytopenia, metabolic syndrome, and thrombotic disorders (thromboembolic diseases). For example, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), typically characterized by reproductive impairment, may be associated with enhanced platelet activation and elevated phospholipase A2 activity in patients with APS. Moreover, lipid metabolism in the bone marrow microenvironment can promote platelet production. Under cellular stress, platelets transfer mitochondria to macrophages; in the spinal cord injury model, this process can regulate energy and lipid metabolism, leading to nerve and myelin regeneration and ultimately promoting the recovery of motor function. These findings indicate that modulating energy and lipid metabolism can influence platelet function, suggesting that targeting platelet lipid metabolism may provide a direction for disease treatment. Furthermore, the review covers the research on platelet lipid metabolism and related drugs, including traditional Chinese medicines and natural products. As the first selective 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitor to enter clinical trials, ML355 will facilitate future research on the biology of 12-LOX and its effects on regulation of platelet activity, hemostasis, and thrombosis, and promote the discovery of structure-based drugs. However, research on platelets and lipid metabolism still faces numerous challenges. For example, lipid droplet-mitochondria interaction in the liver regulates lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, there is controversy over whether autophagy serves a protective function or promotes the occurrence of liver disease. It is speculated that the interaction between mitochondrial autophagy and lipid droplets may be a future research direction. The precise regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism and how to develop novel antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory drugs with high specificity and low side effects by targeting lipid metabolism remain current challenges. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of platelet lipid metabolism, its interactions with other cells, and its roles in organ function and diseases. This contributes to the discovery of new disease-specific lipid biomarkers and drug targets. Future research could focus on structural modifications of drugs targeting lipid metabolism to enhance selectivity, offering directions for improving safety and efficacy, and developing the most effective individualized treatment plans for patients.

Objective To explore the method for establishing a pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model. Methods A total of 4 male Yorkshire pigs weighing (40.0±2.5) kg underwent surgical procedures, including anesthesia, tracheal intubation, donor lung procurement, and recipient lung transplantation. Histological morphology and blood gas analysis of the transplanted lungs were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion to evaluate the histological changes and function of the transplanted lungs. Results The pigs underwent left lung in situ transplantation, effectively simulating conditions relevant to human lung transplantation. Two hours after the transplantation, arterial blood gas analysis showed that arterial partial pressure of oxygen was 155.4-178.6 mm Hg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 53.1-62.4 mm Hg, and the oxygenation index was 310.8-357.2 mm Hg. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated a low degree of pulmonary edema and minimal cellular infiltration. Conclusion The pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model possesses strong operability and stability. Researchers can replicate this model according to the described methods and further conduct basic research and explore clinical translational applications.

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture of femur has various fracture types and fixation methods,and the mechanical stability of each fixation system is quite different.It is of scientific clinical significance to use finite element analysis method to carry out biomechanical research on various fixation systems. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the mechanical stability of various internal fixations applied to femoral intertrochanteric fracture A031-A2.1 by finite element method. METHODS:Based on the validated finite element model of femur(Intact),the model was cut and made into A031-A2.1 intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Different internal fixation systems were implanted by simulating clinical operation methods,and fixation models of proximal femoral nail antirotation,dynamic hip screw,percutaneous compression plate and proximal femoral locking plate were established respectively.All nodes under the distal femur of the four groups of models were constrained,and compression loads of 700,1 400 and 2 100 N were applied to the femoral head.Von Mises stress distribution and compression stiffness of each group of models were observed through calculation and analysis,and mechanical stability of each group was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Through calculation and analysis,after calculating the compression stiffness by comparing the deformation of each model,the compression stiffness of each model under various loads showed the trend:physiological group>proximal femoral nail antirotation group>proximal femoral locking plate group>percutaneous compression plate group>dynamic hip screw group.The compressive stiffness of the complete physiological group model was significantly higher than that of all surgical group models.(2)The stress index was observed.Due to the stress shielding effect,the stress peak value of each fixed group was higher than that of physiological group,and the maximum peak value was concentrated on each internal fixation.Proximal femoral nail antirotation group had the smallest stress peak,while dynamic hip screw group had the highest stress.The stress distribution trend showed physiological group

Objective To explore the value of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value combined with ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system(O-RADS)MRI score in differentiating benign and malignant adnexal lesions with score 3-5.Methods The imaging data of 241 adnexal lesions with O-RADS MRI score 3-5 proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The ADC values of all lesions were measured,and the optimal thresholds were determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,the comprehensive model was established using binary logistic regression analysis,the corresponding diagnostic efficacy was calculated.Results The median ADC values of the benign,borderline and malignant groups were 2.166 × 10-3 mm2/s,1.383 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.839× 10-3mm2/s,respectively(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of ADC value with O-RADS MRI score for differentiating benign and malignant adnexal lesions was 0.928[95％ confidence interval(CI)0.888-0.958],which was higher than that of O-RADS MRI score and ADC value alone(P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of the three models in differ-entiating benign and malignant adnexal lesions were 93.5％,98.9％,83.9％,respectively;and 79.1％,58.8％,79.1％,respectively.Conclusion ADC value combined with O-RADS MRI score can be the most effective in the diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal lesions,which is higher than O-RADS MRI score and ADC value.Compared with O-RADS MRI score,ADC value combined with O-RADS MRI score maintained good sensitivity and increased diagnostic specificity.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders.Recent evidence implicates pyroptosis as one of the pathogenic mechanisms in central nervous system disorders,although its specific mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with py-roptosis-related proteins GSDME full-length(GSDME-F)or GSDME-N terminal(GSDME-N)plasmids revealed that GSDME-N significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential(P＜0.0001).To inves-tigate the mechanism by which GSDME mediates mitochondrial dysfunction,Western blotting analysis demonstrated that transfection with GSDME-N plasmids significantly increased BAX expression and en-hanced its translocation to mitochondria in both HEK 293T and SH-SY5Y cells(P＜0.05).SH-SY5Y cells treated with varying concentrations of rotenone(ROT)exhibited GSDME cleavage,elevated BAX expression(P＜0.05),increased mitochondrial BAX aggregation(P＜0.05),and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential(P＜0.01),as confirmed by Western blotting and JC-1 staining.Concurrently,MTT assays assessing cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays indicated that ROT in-duced these processes prior to pyroptosis.Furthermore,in a ROT-induced mouse PD model,ROT trig-gered GSDME cleavage,enhanced BAX expression,caused dopaminergic neuronal damage,and induced motor deficits.In summary,this study demonstrates that GSDME-N exacerbates mitochondrial damage and increases cytotoxicity by upregulating BAX expression and facilitating its mitochondrial translocation.This study provides novel insights into the role of GSDME in PD pathogenesis and suggests potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) based on in vivo and metabolomics experiments. METHODS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each): sham, CCI and XFZYD groups (9 g/kg). The administration was performed by intragastric administration for 3 days. Neurological functions tests, histology staining, coagulation and haemorheology assays, and Western blot were examined. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites. The key metabolite was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: XFZYD significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction in CCI model rats (P<0.01) but had no impact on coagulation function. As evidenced by Evans blue and IgG staining, XFZYD effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, XFZYD not only increased the expression of collagen IV, occludin and zona occludens 1 but also decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which protected BBB integrity (all P<0.05). Nine potential metabolites were identified, and all of them were reversed by XFZYD. Adenosine was the most significantly altered metabolite related to BBB repair. XFZYD significantly reduced the level of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) and increased adenosine (P<0.01), which may improve BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD ameliorates BBB disruption after TBI by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 and COX-2. Through further exploration via metabolomics, we found that XFZYD may exert a protective effect on BBB by regulating adenosine metabolism via ENT2.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Adenosine/metabolism* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats

Objective To construct a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to evaluate the quality of hemodialysis machines.Methods Firstly,the influencing factors for the quality of hemodialysis machines were determined with considerations on the requirements for medical technology assessment of medical devices and the hospital's many years of experience in use,maintenance and management of hemodialysis machines,and the indicators of the evaluation model were set with the general attributes of the product quality as the criterion level and the influencing factors as the sub-criterion level.Secondly,the AHP was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze relevant factors to construct a hierarchical judgment matrix,and the quality evaluation indicator weights for hemodylysis machines were determined with the consistency test.Finally,the operational principles of fuzzy mathematics were applied to establishing a fuzzy judgment matrix,and the evaluation results were calculated using Type Ⅳ fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.Results The constructed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model included one first-level indicator,seven second-level indicators and 21 third-level indicators.All the first-and second-level indicators passed the consistency tests.The evaluation results obtained with this model were practical and consistent with the hospital's long-term record data on hemodialysis machines.Conclusion The constructed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model demonstrates a certain degree of scientific rigor for quality assessment of hemodialysis machines and can provide decision-making support for their procurement justification.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):81-87]

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of nicotinamide riboside(NR)on experimental autoimmune en-cephalomyelitis(EAE)mice.Methods:C57BL/6 female mice were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG35-55)to pro-duce EAE model and were randomly divided into EAE group and NR group.From day 3 to day 27 after immunization,each mouse in EAE group was given normal saline(200 μl/d)and each mouse in NR group was given NR(500 mg/kg,200 μl/d)by intragastric administration.Clinical score and body weight of mice in EAE group and NR group were recorded every day.On the 28th day after immunization,the spinal cord protein of mice in each group was extracted and the frozen sections of spinal cord of mice in each group were prepared.LFB staining was used to detect demyelination,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of MAP-2 and the number of positive cells of NeuN,BDNF,GDNF,NGF and NT-3,and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of BDNF,GDNF,NGF and NT-3 of spinal cord.Results:Compared with EAE group,NR significantly delayed the onset time of EAE mice(P<0.05),decreased clinical score(P<0.05),reduced weight loss,alleviated spinal cord demyelination(P<0.05),increased the expression of MAP-2(P<0.01)and the number of NeuN positive cells(P<0.01),and up-regulated the expressions of BDNF,GDNF,NGF and NT-3(P<0.05).Conclusion:NR shows a good neuroprotective effect on EAE mice.The mechanism may be related to NR significantly increasing the expression of spinal neurotrophic factors,improving the microenvironment of the central nervous sys-tem,nourishing nerves,promoting nerve repair and nerve growth,etc.